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Leviticus 13:45 — Word Study

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WLCוְהַצָּר֜וּעַ אֲשֶׁר־ בּ֣וֹ הַנֶּ֗גַע בְּגָדָ֞יו יִהְי֤וּ פְרֻמִים֙ וְרֹאשׁוֹ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה פָר֔וּעַ וְעַל־ שָׂפָ֖ם יַעְטֶ֑ה וְטָמֵ֥א׀ טָמֵ֖א יִקְרָֽא׃

BSAA diseased personnegaʻ [afflicted with leprosy, having a contagious skin disease] must wear torn clothesbeged [rent, ripped] and let his hairrôʼsh hang loosepâraʻ [be uncovered, uncombed] and he must coverʻâṭâh his mouthsâphâm [upper lip, mustache] and cry outqârâʼ Uncleanṭâmêʼ [defiled, spiritually impure] uncleanṭâmêʼ [having a plague]

Word
Listen & take awayLeviticus 13
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 45 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (yik.Ra') — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Leviticus 13:45quick helps
In a sentenceThe law outlines how a person with a skin disease should behave in public.
Who is speakingThe Lord, through Moses, conveys instructions for the Israelites.
Where we areLeviticus 13 details the laws regarding skin diseases and their implications for community life.
The hard wordצָרַע
Take awayThe afflicted must visibly demonstrate their condition and call attention to their impurity.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbהָיָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Leviticus 13:45

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Laws Concerning Skin Diseasesgenerated

44the man is diseased; he is unclean. The priest must pronounce him unclean because of the infection on his head.
45A diseased person must wear torn clothes and let his hair hang loose, and he must cover his mouth and cry out, ‘Unclean, unclean!’
46As long as he has the infection, he remains unclean. He must live alone in a place outside the camp.
47If any fabric is contaminated with mildew —any wool or linen garment,

Leviticus 13:45 provides specific instructions for individuals afflicted with skin diseases, particularly leprosy. These laws were meant to protect the community from contagion and maintain ritual purity. The afflicted person must wear torn garments and keep their hair unkempt, signaling their condition to others. This public display serves as a warning to maintain distance, thereby safeguarding the health and purity of the community.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Genesis 37:29When Reuben returned to the pit and saw that Joseph was not there, he tore his clothes,
22 Samuel 13:19And Tamar put ashes on her head and tore her robe. And putting her hand on her head, she went away crying bitterly.
3Job 1:20Then Job stood up, tore his robe, and shaved his head. He fell to the ground and worshiped,
4Jeremiah 3:25Let us lie down in our shame; let our disgrace cover us. We have sinned against the LORD our God, both we and our fathers; from our youth even to this day we have not obeyed the voice of the LORD our God.”
5Jeremiah 36:24Yet in hearing all these words, the king and his servants did not become frightened or tear their garments.

The Key Word צָרַע, ve.ha.tza.Ru.a'generated

The word צָרַע (tsara') refers to a person afflicted with leprosy, a serious skin disease. It is derived from a verb meaning to be stricken with leprosy, indicating a state of being rather than an action. The parsing as a qal participle shows that it describes the individual as one who is currently in that afflicted state.

This term is used throughout the Bible to denote those suffering from skin diseases, particularly in the context of laws governing purity and community health. Its usage emphasizes the seriousness of the condition and the need for public acknowledgment.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb יִהְי֤וּ, they will be, governs the structure of the verse, with multiple clauses detailing the conditions and actions required of the afflicted. The sentence construction emphasizes the requirements placed on the individual, outlining both their appearance and their behavior.

The main clause is followed by several noun phrases and participial phrases, detailing the specific actions and conditions. The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the state of being of the afflicted individual and the commands given to them.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates צָרַע as λεπρός, which means 'leprous.' This choice reflects a direct understanding of the Hebrew term within the context of skin diseases.

The use of ἁφή for נֶגַע indicates a focus on the disease as a plague or affliction, aligning closely with the Hebrew meaning while also fitting the Greek literary style.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Leviticus 13:45 gives instructions for people suffering from skin diseases like leprosy. They must wear torn clothes and leave their hair unkempt to show their condition. They must also cover their mouths and call out, ‘Unclean!’ to alert others to their impurity. This public declaration helps maintain community health and purity.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to be 'unclean' in this context?

Being 'unclean' refers to a state of ritual impurity, often due to disease or sin, which requires specific actions to maintain community purity.

Why must the afflicted person wear torn clothes?

Wearing torn clothes is a visible sign of their condition, signaling to others that they are unclean and must be avoided.

What is the significance of calling out 'Unclean'?

Crying out 'Unclean' serves as a warning to others, ensuring that the afflicted person is kept at a distance to prevent the spread of disease.

How do these laws reflect on community health?

These laws emphasize the importance of public health and the need for individuals to take responsibility for their condition to protect the community.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some ways I can be aware of the health and well-being of those around me?
  2. How can I demonstrate compassion to those who are marginalized or deemed unclean in society?
  3. In what ways can I ensure that I am maintaining my own spiritual purity?
  4. How do the laws of Leviticus inform my understanding of community responsibility?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Leviticus 13:45 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And the leper in whom the plague [is],.... Meaning not he only that has the plague of leprosy in his head, but every sort of leper before mentioned in this chapter: his clothes shall be rent; not

Read John Gill on Leviticus 13 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And the leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent, and his head bare, and he shall put a covering upon his upper lip, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean.

Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 13 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

His clothes shall be rent, to wit, in the upper and former parts, which were most visible. This was done, partly, as a token of sorrow, ,5 Job 2:12, because though this was not a sin, yet it was an effect of sin, and a sore punishment, whereby he was cut off both from converse with men, and from the enjoyment of God in his ordinances; partly, as a warning to others to keep at a due distance from him wheresoever he came; and partly, as some add, that it might conduce to his cure, by giving the freer vent to the ill humours. But the exposing of the affected part to the cold would rather hinder than further evaporation. His head bare; another sign of mourning, as appears from . God would have…

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John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Leviticus 13:45 And the leper in whom the plague [is], his clothes shall be rent, and his head bare, and he shall put a covering upon his upper lip, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean.Ver. 45. His clothes shall be rent.] To show his sorrow for sin, the cause of his calamity. And his head bare.] That men might not mistake him; and further to show his humility, whereof this also was a ceremony. A covering upon his upper lip.] His moustaches that by his breath he might not infect others: and to show that God will not hear a good motion from an ill mouth. Unclean, unclean.] Say we the same in our humblest acknowledgments; but withal add that of the leper in the Gospel, yet "Lord, if thou wilt…

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Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(45) His clothes shall be rent.—As leprosy was regarded as a visitation from God for sin committed by the person thus afflicted, the patient is to rend his garments like one mourning for the dead. (See Leviticus 21:10.) During the second Temple the administrators of the law exempted leprous women from rending their clothes, which was evidently owing to a feeling of decorum. And his head bare.—Better, and his hair be dishevelled. This was another sign of mourning. (See Leviticus 10:6.) The legislators during the second Temple also exempted leprous women from letting their hair fall in the disorderly and wild manner over their heads and faces which was the custom for mourners to do. And he…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 13 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 45. His clothes shall be rent, c.] The leprous person is required to be as one that mourned for the dead, or for some great and public calamity. He was to have his clothes rent in token of extreme sorrow his head was to be made bare, the ordinary bonnet or turban being omitted; and he was to have a covering upon his upper lip, his jaws being tied up With a linen cloth, after the same manner in which the Jews bind up the dead, which custom is still observed among the Jews in Barbary on funeral occasions: a custom which, from Ezekiel 24:17, we learn had prevailed very anciently among the Jews in Palestine. He was also to cry, Unclean, unclean, in order to prevent any person from coming…

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CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

Rules for treatment of leprous persons (45, 46)

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Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The leper was to carry about with him the usual signs of mourning for the dead. Compare Leviticus 10:6 and margin reference.

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The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

A diseased person must wear torn clothes and let his hair hang loose, and he must cover his mouth and cry out, ‘Unclean, unclean!’

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“The leper in whom the plague is shall wear torn clothes, and the hair of his head shall hang loose. He shall cover his upper lip, and shall cry, ‘Unclean! Unclean!’

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

A diseased person must wear torn clothes and let his hair hang loose, and he must cover his mouth and cry out, ‘Unclean, unclean!’

NETBNew English Translation2006

“As for the diseased person who has the infection, his clothes must be torn, the hair of his head must be unbound, he must cover his mustache, and he must call out ‘Unclean! Unclean!’

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And the leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent, and his head bare, and he shall put a covering upon his upper lip, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And the leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent, and the hair of his head shall go loose, and he shall cover his upper lip, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And the leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent, and the hair of his head shall go loose, and he shall cover his upper lip, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And the leper in whom the plague is , his clothes shall be rent, and his head bare, and he shall put a covering upon his upper lip, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

The leper also in whom the plague is, shall haue his clothes rent, and his head bare, and shall put a couering vpon his lips, and shall cry, I am vncleane, I am vncleane.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And as to the leper in whom the sore is, — his garments shall be rent, and his head shall be uncovered, and he shall put a covering on his beard, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean!

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

'As to the leper in whom [is] the plague, his garments are rent, and his head is uncovered, and he covereth over the upper lip, and 'Unclean! unclean!' he calleth;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

As for the leper in whom [is] the plague, his garments are torn, and his head is uncovered, and he covers over the upper lip, and he calls, Unclean! Unclean!

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And the leper on whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent, and his head shall be bare, and he shall cover himself up to his upper lip, and, Unclean, unclean, shall he call out.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

The person who has an infectious disease must wear torn clothes, his hair must hang loosely, and he must cover his face up to his nose and call out, 'Unclean, unclean.'

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Shall have his clothes hanging loose, his head bare, his mouth covered with a cloth, and he shall cry out that he is defiled and unclean.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Anyone who has such diseases must wear clothes that are torn and let their hair remain uncombed. They must cover their faces and shout out, ‘Unclean, unclean!’

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And the leper who has the disease on him is to go about with signs of grief, with his hair loose and his mouth covered, crying, Unclean, unclean.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְthe.[oneclauseclausenoun phraseהַwho]noun phraseצָּר֜וּעַhas.a.serious.skin.diseaserelpאֲשֶׁרwhomclauseprepositional phrase · predicateבּ֣[is].onוֹhimnoun phrase · subjectהַtheנֶּ֗גַעplagueclauseclauseclausenoun phrase · subjectבְּגָדָ֞יgarmentsוhisverbיִהְי֤וּthey.will.beobjectפְרֻמִים֙tornוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectרֹאשׁheadוֹ֙hisverbיִהְיֶ֣הit.will.beobjectפָר֔וּעַlet.looseוְandclauseclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַלoverשָׂפָ֖םa.moustacheverbיַעְטֶ֑הhe.will.coverוְandclauseclause · objectclausepredicateטָמֵ֥אunclean!clausepredicateטָמֵ֖אunclean!verbיִקְרָֽאhe.will.call.out

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text states that a diseased person must wear torn clothes, let his hair hang loose, cover his mouth, and cry out 'Unclean, unclean!' The Septuagint largely agrees with the Masoretic Text, matching 14 of the 16 words, though its word order and articles differ. The Samaritan Pentateuch also agrees with the Masoretic Text but has two differences: it uses the word for 'rent' (פרומים) and 'cover' (יעטא) in a slightly different form, indicating a variation in translation or textual tradition.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְהַצָּר֜וּעַ אֲשֶׁר־ בּ֣וֹ הַנֶּ֗גַע בְּגָדָ֞יו יִהְי֤וּ פְרֻמִים֙ וְרֹאשׁוֹ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה פָר֔וּעַ וְעַל־ שָׂפָ֖ם יַעְטֶ֑ה וְטָמֵ֥א׀ טָמֵ֖א יִקְרָֽא׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְהַצָּר֜וּעַλεπρόςאֲשֶׁר־ἐνבּ֣וֹἐστινהַנֶּ֗גַעἁφήבְּגָדָ֞יוαὐτοῦיִהְי֤וּἔστωפְרֻמִים֙παραλελυμέναוְרֹאשׁוֹ֙αὐτοῦפָר֔וּעַἀκατακάλυπτοςוְעַל־περὶיַעְטֶ֑הπεριβαλέσθωוְטָמֵ֥א׀καὶטָמֵ֖אἀκάθαρτοςיִקְרָֽא׃κεκλήσεται

14 of the 16 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

והצרוע אשׁר בו הנגע בגדיו יהיו פרומים וראשׁו יהיה פרוע ועל שׂפם יעטא וטמא טמא יקרא

2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: פרומים (rent), יעטא (cover)

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Leviticus 13:45צָרַעthe [one whthe [one who] hצָרַעאֲשֶׁרwhomwhomאֲשֶׁרוֹ[is] on him[is] on himוֹנֶ֫גַעthe plaguethe plagueנֶ֫גַעבֶּ֫גֶדgarments higarments hisבֶּ֫גֶדהָיָהthey will bthey will beהָיָהפָּרַםtorntornפָּרַםרֹאשׁand head hiand head hisרֹאשׁהָיָהit will beit will beהָיָהפָּרַעlet looselet looseפָּרַעעַלand overand overעַלשָׂפָםa moustachea moustacheשָׂפָםעָטָהhe will covhe will coverעָטָהטָמֵאand uncleanand unclean!טָמֵאטָמֵאunclean!unclean!טָמֵאקָרָאhe will calhe will call ouקָרָאטָמֵאto defileto defileטָמֵאנָגַעto touchto touchנָגַעבָּגַדto act treto act treacherבָּגַדהָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאשָׂפָהlipslipsשָׂפָהעַלheightheightעַלקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָאנְבֵלָהcarcasscarcassנְבֵלָהטָהוֹרpurepureטָהוֹרשֶׁ֫לֶגsnowsnowשֶׁ֫לֶגזוּבto flow: fto flow: flowinזוּבצָוָהto commandto commandצָוָהצָרַ֫עַתleprosyleprosyצָרַ֫עַתפָּשָׂהto spreadto spreadפָּשָׂהכָּבַסto washto washכָּבַסקָרַעto tearto tearקָרַעפָּרַעto leadto leadפָּרַעבֶּ֫גֶדtreacherytreacheryבֶּ֫גֶד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 13:45

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
וְהַצָּר֜וּעַve.ha.tza.Ru.a' the [one who] has a serious skin disease H6879 Conjunction · particle · verb qal participle (passive) masculine singular
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to be afflicted with leprosy, a skin disease. It is used in the Bible to describe someone with leprosy, like in the stories of Moses and Miriam. The word appears in Exodus and Numbers.
Tyndale gloss
be leprous
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָרַע (tsara) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be stricken with leprosy or to be leprous. It is primarily used in a passive form, indicating a state of having leprosy. The entries consistently describe its usage in relation to skin disease, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָרַע] vb. denom., only in pass., be stricken with leprosy, leprous

Qal elsewh. as subst., = leper

Pu. leprous

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6879 צָרַע vb. denom., only in pass., be stricken with leprosy, leprous

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6879 tsara` tsaw-rah'

a primitive root; to scourge, i.e. (intransitive and

figurative) to be stricken with leprosy:--leper, leprous.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָרַע (tsa.ra) — be leprous.

1) to be diseased of skin, be leprous

1a) (Qal) to be a leper

1b) (Pual) to have leprosy

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Td/Vqsmsa — Conjunction · particle · verb qal participle (passive) masculine singular
HC/Td/Vqsmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ Sent from God Le 14:34

→ As judgments Ps 107:17; Isa 3:17

→ INSTANCES OF

Upon the Egyptians

See PLAGUES;

Upon Nabal 1Sa 25:38

David's child 2Sa 12:15

Gehazi 2Ki 5:27

Jeroboam 2Ch 13:20

Jehoram 2Ch 21:12-19

Uzziah 2Ch 26:17-20

Threatened as judgments Le 26:16; De 7:15; 28:22,27,28,35; 29:22

the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
אֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher- whom H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTr — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
בּ֣וֹbo [is] on him H9033 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

וֹ (o) — him.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp3ms
the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
הַנֶּ֗גַעha.Ne.ga' the plague H5061 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
78× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to a plague or disease, like leprosy. It is used in Leviticus to describe the effects of sin and in Deuteronomy to warn against disobedience. The word can also mean a wound or a spot.
Amplified meaning
afflicted with leprosy, having a contagious skin disease
Tyndale gloss
plague
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נֶ֫גַע (nega`) refers to a stroke or plague, often associated with disease or a mark, particularly in the context of leprosy. It is built from the root meaning 'to strike' and encompasses various forms of affliction, including wounds and spots. The term captures both literal and metaphorical implications of injury or illness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫גַע 78 n.m. stroke, plague, mark, plague-spot

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5061 נֶ֫גַע stroke, plague, mark, plague-spot

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5061 nega` neh'-gah

from 5060; a blow (figuratively, infliction); also (by

implication) a spot (concretely, a leprous person or

dress):--plague, sore, stricken, stripe, stroke, wound.

see HEBREW for 05060

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫גַע (ne.ga) — plague.

1) stroke, plague, disease, mark, plague spot

1a) stroke, wound

1b) stroke (metaphorical of disease)

1c) mark (of leprosy)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

plag (negha`, makkah, maggephah; mastix, plege): This word which occurs more than 120 times is applied, like pestilence, to such sudden outbursts of disease as are regarded in the light of divine visitations. It is used in the description of leprosy about 60 times in Le 13 and 14, as well as in De 24:8. In the poetical, prophetic and eschatological books it occurs about 20 times in the general sense of a punitive disaster. The Gospel references (Mr 3:10; 5:29,34; Lu 7:21) use the word as a synonym for disease.

The specific disease now named "plague" has been from the earliest historic times a frequent visitant to Palestine and Egypt. Indeed in the Southeast between Gaza and Bubastis it has occurred so frequently that it may…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Plague

A “stroke” of affliction, or disease. Sent as a divine chastisement (Num. 11:33; 14:37; 16:46-49; 2 Sam. 24:21). Painful afflictions or diseases, (Lev. 13:3, 5, 30; 1 Kings 8:37), or severe calamity (Mark 5:29; Luke 7:21), or the judgment of God, so called (Ex. 9:14). Plagues of Egypt were ten in number.

(1.) The river Nile was turned into blood, and the fish died, and the river stank, so that the Egyptians loathed to drink of the river (Ex. 7:14-25).

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See PESTILENCE.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ As a judgment on the Egyptians Ps 105; 135:8,9; Ac 7:36

→ The plague of

Blood Ex 7:14-25

Frogs Ex 8:1-15

Lice Ex 8:16-19

Flies Ex 8:20

→ On cattle Ex 9:1-7

→ Of boils and open sores Ex 9:8-12

→ Hail Ex 9:18-34

→ Locusts Ex 10:1-20

→ Darkness Ex 10:21-23

→ Death of the firstborn Ex 11:4-7; 12:17,29,30

the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
בְּגָדָ֞יוbe.ga.Dav garments his H899 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
217× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to clothing or a covering, like a garment or robe. It appears in books like Genesis and Exodus, describing what people wore. The word is often translated as 'apparel' or 'raiment'.
Amplified meaning
rent, ripped
Tyndale gloss
treachery
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֶּ֫גֶד (beged) has meanings related to both clothing and treachery. It can refer to a garment or covering, as well as deceit or betrayal. The word is built from a root that suggests a duality in its usage, appearing in contexts that range from apparel to treacherous actions, notably in Isaiah 24:16 and Jeremiah 12:1.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֶּ֫גֶד n.[m.] treachery Is 24:16 Je 12:1.

done

בֶּ֫גֶד n.m. garment, covering

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H899a בֶּ֫גֶד treachery H899b בֶּ֫גֶד garment, covering

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

899 beged behg'-ed

from 898; a covering, i.e. clothing; also treachery or

pillage:--apparel, cloth(-es, ing), garment, lap, rag,

raiment, robe, X very (treacherously), vesture, wardrobe.

see HEBREW for 0898

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֶּ֫גֶד (be.ged) — treachery.

treachery, deceit

בֶּ֫גֶד (be.ged) — garment.

(CLBL) garment, clothing (used indiscriminately)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
יִהְי֤וּyih.Yu they will be H1961 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See TESTAMENT.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ THE MENTAL FACULTY

Freedom of, recognized by God Ge 4:6-10; De 5:29; 1Ki 20:42; Isa 1:18-20; 43:26; Jer 36:3,7; Joh 7:17

See BLESSINGS, CONTINGENT UPON OBEDIENCE

See CHOICE

See CONTINGENCY

→ OF GOD, THE SUPREME RULE OF DUTY Mt 6:10; 12:50; 26:39,42; Mr 3:35; 14:36; Lu 11:2; 22:42; Joh 4:34; 5:30; 6:38-40; Ac…

the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
פְרֻמִים֙fe.ru.Mim torn H6533 Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine plural
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to tear or rend something, like ripping a garment. It is used in the Bible to describe the act of tearing one's clothes as a sign of grief or distress.
Tyndale gloss
to tear
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּרַם (param) is a primitive root meaning to tear or rend, specifically referring to tearing a garment. The entries consistently highlight this action without any significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּרַם] vb. tear, rend garment

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6533 פָּרַם

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6533 param paw-ram'

a primitive root; to tear:--rend.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּרַם (pa.ram) — to tear.

(Qal) to tear, rend garment, rip

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqsmpa — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine plural
HVqsmpa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
וְרֹאשׁוֹ֙ve.ro.Sho and head his H7218 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
600× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means chief or prince, and is used to describe leaders in the Bible, such as in the book of 1 Samuel. It signifies a position of authority and importance.
Tyndale gloss
head
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֹאשׁ (ro'sh) means 'head' and encompasses various meanings related to position and rank. It can refer to the head of a person or animal, the top of a mountain, or a chief in various contexts, such as a city or nation. The word also signifies beginnings and sums, appearing in phrases related to enumeration. Additionally, it serves as a proper noun for 'Rosh,' a title for a chief or prince.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֹאשׁ 599 n.m.

(c. 230 t.) head, of human being

head, of animals

top (88 t.)

height, of stars

head = chief (man)

= chief (city)

chief nation

= chief (place, position)

= chief priest

= head of a family

head = front, leader's place

of time, beginning, of night watch

of things, river-heads

chief, choicest, best, of spices

head = division of army, company, band

= sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

other phr.

base

רֹאשׁ n.pr.gent. Rôsh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7218a רֹאשׁ . . (c. 230 t.) head, of human being

. head, of animals

. . top (88 t.)

. height, of stars

. . head = chief (man)

. = chief (city)

. chief nation

. = chief (place, position)

. = chief priest

. = head of a family

. . head = front, leader's place

. of time, beginning, of night watch

. of things, river-heads

. chief, choicest, best, of spices

. head = division of army, company, band

. = sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

. other phr.

H7218b רֹאשׁ n. pr. gent. Rôsh

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7218 ro'sh roshe

from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as

most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many

applications, of place, time, rank, itc.):--band, beginning,

captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company,

end, X every (man), excellent, first, forefront, ((be-))head,

height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), X lead, X poor,

principal, ruler, sum, top.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head.

: head

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — prince.

Rosh, a tite for a chief or prince

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: leader.

: leader

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: top.

: top/best

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HC/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
יִהְיֶ֣הyih.Yeh it will be H1961 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See TESTAMENT.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ THE MENTAL FACULTY

Freedom of, recognized by God Ge 4:6-10; De 5:29; 1Ki 20:42; Isa 1:18-20; 43:26; Jer 36:3,7; Joh 7:17

See BLESSINGS, CONTINGENT UPON OBEDIENCE

See CHOICE

See CONTINGENCY

→ OF GOD, THE SUPREME RULE OF DUTY Mt 6:10; 12:50; 26:39,42; Mr 3:35; 14:36; Lu 11:2; 22:42; Joh 4:34; 5:30; 6:38-40; Ac…

the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
פָר֔וּעַfa.Ru.a' let loose H6544 Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine singular
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To neglect or let something go is the meaning of this word, which can also imply exposing or dismissing something. In the Bible, it is used to describe turning away from God or neglecting responsibilities.
Amplified meaning
be uncovered, uncombed
Tyndale gloss
to lead
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּרַע (para') is a Hebrew verb that primarily means to let go or neglect, with implications of loosening or exposing. It can also denote acting as a leader, as noted in Judges 5:2. The entries suggest a range of meanings from allowing freedom to causing a lack of restraint, with some lexicons emphasizing leadership and others focusing on neglect.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּרַע] vb. denom. act as leader, lead(?);—only Ju 5:2

ref

פָּרַע vb. let go, let alone

Qal

let go, let loose, people, i.e. remove restraint from them

let alone = avoid; = neglect; = refrain

Niph. the people is let loose, lacks restraint.

Hiph.

cause people to refrain

shew lack of restraint

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6544a פָּרַע vb. denom. act as leader, lead(?) H6544b פָּרַע let go, let alone

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6544 para` paw-rah'

a primitive root; to loosen; by implication, to expose,

dismiss; figuratively, absolve, begin:--avenge, avoid, bare,

go back, let, (make) naked, set at nought, perish, refuse,

uncover.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּרַע (pa.ra) — to lead.

to lead, act as leader

פָּרַע (pa.ra) — to neglect.

1) to let go, let loose, ignore, let alone

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to let go, let loose

1a2) to let alone, avoid, neglect

1a3) to loosen

1b) (Niphal) to be let loose, be loosened of restraint

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to cause to refrain

1c2) to show lack of restraint

1c3) to let loose restraints

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine singular
HVqsmsa
the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
וְעַל־ve.'al- and over H5921 Conjunction · preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

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Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

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Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

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Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/R — Conjunction · preposition
HC/R
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
שָׂפָ֖םsa.Fam a moustache H8222 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A mustache or beard is a facial hair growth. In the Bible, it is sometimes used to describe a person's appearance or to symbolize age and wisdom.
Amplified meaning
upper lip, mustache
Tyndale gloss
mustache
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׂפָם (sapham) refers to a mustache or beard, specifically as a lip-piece. It is derived from the root word for 'beard' and is noted in various lexicons as relating to facial hair.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׂפָם n.[m.] moustache

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8222 שָׂפָם

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8222 sapham saw-fawm'

from 8193; the beard (as a lip-piece):--beard, (upper) lip.

see HEBREW for 08193

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׂפָם (sa.pham) — mustache.

moustache

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
יַעְטֶ֑הya'.Teh he will cover H5844 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
17× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to grasp or cover something, like wrapping oneself in a cloak. It is used in Exodus 28:42 to describe the clothing of the priests. It can also mean to turn aside or change direction.
Tyndale gloss
to enwrap
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָטָה (atah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to wrap, enwrap, or cover oneself. It can also mean to grasp. The entries indicate that in the Qal form, it refers to actions like wrapping or enveloping, while the Hiphil form involves covering someone with shame. The word appears in contexts related to mourning and physical covering.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָטָה vb. wrap oneself, enwrap, envelop oneself

Qal

wrap, envelop oneself with sthg.

Hiph. thou hast wrapped shame upon him

base

[עָטָה] vb. grasp;—Qal Is 22:17

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5844a עָטָה wrap oneself, enwrap, envelop oneself H5844b עָטָה grasp

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5844 `atah aw-taw'

a primitive root; to wrap, i.e. cover, veil, cloth, or

roll:--array self, be clad, (put a) cover (-ing, self), fill,

put on, X surely, turn aside.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָטָה (a.tah) — to enwrap.

1) to cover, enwrap, wrap oneself, envelop oneself

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to wrap, envelop oneself

1a2) to cover (the beard in mourning)

1a3) mourner, one who covers (participle)

1b) (Hiphil) to cover, enwrap, envelop

עָטָה (a.tah) — to grasp.

1) to grasp

1a) (Qal) to grasp

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
וְטָמֵ֥א׀ve.ta.Me' and unclean! H2931 Conjunction
88× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to be unclean in a spiritual sense, often due to sin or impurity, as seen in Leviticus. It can refer to people, places, or things. The concept is key to understanding biblical purity laws.
Amplified meaning
defiled, spiritually impure
Tyndale gloss
unclean
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָמֵא (tame') means 'unclean' and is derived from a root that conveys a sense of defilement or pollution, particularly in a religious context. It covers ethical, religious, and ritual impurity, and can refer to both people and places.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

טָמֵא adj. unclean

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2931 טָמֵא unclean

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2931 tame' taw-may'

from 2930; foul in a relig. sense:--defiled, + infamous,

polluted(-tion), unclean.

see HEBREW for 02930

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָמֵא (ta.me) — unclean.

1) unclean, impure

1a) ethically and religiously

1b) ritually

1c) of places

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Adj — Conjunction
HC/Aamsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See CLEAN.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ (Ceremonially speaking)

Creatures designated as such Le 11; De 14

→ See UNCLEANNESS

the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
טָמֵ֖אta.Me' unclean! H2931 Adj
88× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to be unclean in a spiritual sense, often due to sin or impurity, as seen in Leviticus. It can refer to people, places, or things. The concept is key to understanding biblical purity laws.
Amplified meaning
having a plague
Tyndale gloss
unclean
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָמֵא (tame') means 'unclean' and is derived from a root that conveys a sense of defilement or pollution, particularly in a religious context. It covers ethical, religious, and ritual impurity, and can refer to both people and places.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

טָמֵא adj. unclean

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2931 טָמֵא unclean

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2931 tame' taw-may'

from 2930; foul in a relig. sense:--defiled, + infamous,

polluted(-tion), unclean.

see HEBREW for 02930

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָמֵא (ta.me) — unclean.

1) unclean, impure

1a) ethically and religiously

1b) ritually

1c) of places

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAamsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See CLEAN.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ (Ceremonially speaking)

Creatures designated as such Le 11; De 14

→ See UNCLEANNESS

the [one who] has a serious skin disease whom [is] on him the plague garments his they will be torn and head his it will be let loose and over a moustache he will cover and unclean! unclean! he will call out
יִקְרָֽא׃yik.Ra' he will call out H7121 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
733× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to call out to someone or something, often by name. It's used in many situations, like calling for help or reading aloud. In Genesis, God calls out to Adam in the Garden.
Tyndale gloss
to call: call to
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word קָרָא (qara') is a primitive root meaning to call, proclaim, or read. It encompasses a range of actions including calling out, crying for help, reading aloud, and summoning. The word can also imply being called or named in various contexts. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָרָא 724 vb. call, proclaim, read

Qal

call, cry, utter a loud sound

call, cry

call unto some one

cry for help

proclaim

read aloud

read to oneself

summon

call = name

Niph.

reflex.

pass. be called

Pu. be called

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7121 קָרָא call, proclaim, read .. . call, cry, utter a loud sound

. call, cry

. . call unto some one

. cry for help

. proclaim

. . read aloud

. read to oneself

. summon

. call = name

. . reflex.

. pass. be called

. be called

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7121 qara' kaw-raw'

a primitive root (rather identical with 7122 through the idea

of accosting a person met); to call out to (i.e. properly,

address by name, but used in a wide variety of

applications):--bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for,

forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite,

mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(- ation),

pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say.

see HEBREW for 07122

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָרָא (qa.ra) — to call: call to.

: call_to/invite/entreat

1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound

1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)

1a3) to proclaim

1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read

1a5) to summon, invite, call for, call and commission, appoint, call and endow

1a6) to call, name, give name to, call by

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to call oneself

1b2) to be called, be proclaimed, be read aloud, be summoned, be named

1c) (Pual) to be called, be named, be called out, be chosen

קָרָא (qa.ra) — to call: call by.

: call_by/name

1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound

1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)

1a3) to proclaim

1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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