Exodus 28:42 — Word Study
WLCוַעֲשֵׂ֤ה לָהֶם֙ מִכְנְסֵי־ בָ֔ד לְכַסּ֖וֹת בְּשַׂ֣ר עֶרְוָ֑ה מִמָּתְנַ֥יִם וְעַד־ יְרֵכַ֖יִם יִהְיֽוּ׃
BSAMakeʻâsâh [linen breeches, undershorts] linenbad undergarmentsmiknâç [to conceal private parts, for modesty] to coverkâçâh [hide from view, conceal] bareʻervâh [naked, exposed] fleshbâsâr [body, physical form] extendinghâyâh▸ [reaching, going] from waistmôthen [loins, small of the back] toʻad thighyârêk [side, area of strength]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַעֲשֵׂ֤ה | and make | Conjunction, verb qal imperative second person masculine singular |
| לָהֶם֙ | for them | Preposition, suffix |
| מִכְנְסֵי־ | undergarments of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| בָ֔ד | linen | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לְכַסּ֖וֹת | to cover | Preposition, verb piel infinitive construct common |
| בְּשַׂ֣ר | [the] flesh of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| עֶרְוָ֑ה | nakedness | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| מִמָּתְנַ֥יִם | from [the] hips | Preposition, noun common masculine dual absolute |
| וְעַד־ | and to | Conjunction, preposition |
| יְרֵכַ֖יִם | [the] thighs | Noun common, feminine dual absolute |
| יִהְיֽוּ׃ | they will be | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Make linen undergarments to cover their bare flesh, extending from waist to thigh. |
| KJV | And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach: |
| ASV | And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover the flesh of their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach: |
| YLT | 'And make thou for them linen trousers to cover the naked flesh: they are from the loins even unto the thighs; |
| WEB | You shall make them linen pants to cover their naked flesh. They shall reach from the waist even to the thighs. |
| BBE | And you are to make them linen trousers, covering their bodies from the middle to the knee; |
Where they part company is מִכְנְסֵי — see How Translations Differ.
The structure includes a main command followed by several phrases that clarify the purpose and details of the garments.





6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, AdamClarke & more — read them ›
clause
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Exodus 28:42
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Instructions for Priestly Garmentsgenerated
Exodus 28:42 provides detailed instructions for the garments that the priests must wear, emphasizing the importance of modesty and appropriateness in their service to God. This is part of a larger section where God outlines the attire for Aaron and his sons, ensuring they are properly dressed when they approach the altar and the Tent of Meeting, as seen in the preceding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 20:26 | And you must not go up to My altar on steps, lest your nakedness be exposed on it.’ |
| 2 | Exodus 39:28 | as well as the turban of fine linen, the ornate headbands and undergarments of finely spun linen, |
| 3 | Leviticus 6:10 | And the priest shall put on his linen robe and linen undergarments, and he shall remove from the altar the ashes of the burnt offering that the fire has consumed and place them beside it. |
| 4 | Leviticus 16:4 | He is to wear the sacred linen tunic, with linen undergarments. He must tie a linen sash around him and put on the linen turban. These are holy garments, and he must bathe himself with water before he wears them. |
| 5 | Ezekiel 44:18 | They are to wear linen turbans on their heads and linen undergarments around their waists. They must not wear anything that makes them perspire. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מִכְנְסֵי, mikh.ne.sei-generated
The term מִכְנָס (miknas) refers specifically to undergarments, particularly those worn by priests. This word emphasizes the function of these garments in providing modesty and covering.
The plural form indicates that these undergarments are designed as a pair, highlighting their purpose to conceal private parts, as noted in various contexts throughout the scriptures.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is עֲשֵׂ֤ה, make, which governs the entire command. The structure consists of a series of phrases detailing what is to be made and their purpose.
The sentence is constructed with prepositional phrases that clarify the garments' purpose and the body parts they are meant to cover, emphasizing the importance of modesty in the priestly attire.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מִכְנְסֵי as περισκελῆ, which refers to a type of garment that covers the lower body. This choice reflects a focus on the modesty aspect of the undergarments.
The translation indicates a consistent understanding of the need for priests to wear appropriate clothing, aligning with the Hebrew text's emphasis on covering nakedness.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Exodus 28:42 instructs that linen undergarments are to be made for the priests to cover their nakedness, extending from the waist to the thighs. This emphasizes the need for modesty in their service to God.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The linen undergarments are meant to ensure modesty for the priests while they perform their sacred duties, as a means of honoring God.
Modesty is emphasized to maintain a sense of reverence and purity in the presence of God, reflecting the holiness required in worship.
The terms refer to specific anatomical areas that the undergarments must cover, ensuring that the priests are properly attired during their service.
This instruction highlights the importance of being set apart and maintaining a standard of holiness in all aspects of the priests' lives, including their attire.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does modesty mean to me, and how can I apply it in my life?
- In what ways can I honor God in my appearance and conduct?
- How can understanding the significance of these garments enhance my appreciation for the priestly role?
- What steps can I take to ensure that I am living in a way that reflects the holiness God desires?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Exodus 28:42 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness,.... Or "the flesh of nakedness" (q), that part of the body which ought not to be naked and exposed to view, and which, when it is,
Read John Gill on Exodus 28 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach: Linen breeches - drawers, which encompassed the loins, and reached haft-way down the thighs.
Read Robert Jamieson on Exodus 28 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(42) Thou shalt make them linen breeches.—Rather, linen drawers. Drawers reaching from the waist to a little above the knee were the sole garment of many in Egypt, a necessary garment of all. Their object was as here stated.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Exodus 28 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 42. Linen breeches] This command had in view the necessity of purity and decency in every part of the Divine worship, in opposition to the shocking indecency of the pagan worship in general, in which the priests often ministered naked, as in the sacrifices to Bacchus, c. ON the garments of the high priest some general reflections have already been made see Exodus 28:2: See Clarke on Exodus 28:2. and to what is there said it may be just necessary to add, that there can be no doubt of their being all emblematical of spiritual things; but of which, and in what way, no man can positively say. Many commentators have entered largely into this subject, and have made many edifying and useful…
Read AdamClarke on Exodus 28 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges42, 43. The linen drawers, to be worn by the priests during their ministrations in the Tent of meeting or at the altar. A dictate of reverence and modesty. The layman was forbidden to go up by steps to the altar, lest he should expose his person upon it (Exodus 20:26): for the priests, who did go up upon the altar (see on Exodus 27:5), and were otherwise frequently engaged in or near the Tent of meeting, special garments were provided, in order to prevent the same unseemliness. Among the Romans the Flamen Dialis similarly (Gell. x. 15), ‘tunicam intimam nisi in locis tectis non exuit, ne sub caelo tanquam sub oculis Jovis nudus sit’ (cited by Kn.). breeches] Only in this connexion (Exodus…
Read Cambridge on Exodus 28 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible42. Linen breeches — The Hebrew is from a root which means to conceal.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Exodus 28 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Make linen undergarments to cover their bare flesh, extending from waist to thigh.
You shall make them linen pants to cover their naked flesh. They shall reach from the waist even to the thighs.
Make linen undergarments to cover their bare flesh, extending from waist to thigh.
Make for them linen undergarments to cover their naked bodies; they must cover from the waist to the thighs.
Tyndale line
And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach:
And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover the flesh of their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach:
And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover the flesh of their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach:
And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness: from the loins even to the thighs they shall reach:
Thou shalt also make them linen breeches to couer their priuities: from the loynes vnto the thighs shall they reache.
Strictly literal
And thou shalt make them linen trousers to cover the flesh of nakedness; from the loins even to the hips shall they reach.
'And make thou for them linen trousers to cover the naked flesh: they are from the loins even unto the thighs;
And make linen trousers for them to cover the naked flesh; they are from the loins even to the thighs;
And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs shall they reach.
You must make for them linen undergarments to cover their naked flesh, that will cover them from the waist to the thighs.
From the Latin
Thou shalt make also linen breeches, to cover the flesh of their nakedness from the reins to the thighs:
Simplified
Make linen undershorts to cover their bare bodies, reaching from waist to thigh.
And you are to make them linen trousers, covering their bodies from the middle to the knee;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Samaritan Pentateuch, which agrees word for word. The Septuagint matches closely, with only slight variations in word order. The Dead Sea Scrolls present partial restorations, indicating some textual damage but retaining the essential instruction.
וַעֲשֵׂ֤ה לָהֶם֙ מִכְנְסֵי־ בָ֔ד לְכַסּ֖וֹת בְּשַׂ֣ר עֶרְוָ֑ה מִמָּתְנַ֥יִם וְעַד־ יְרֵכַ֖יִם יִהְיֽוּ׃
10 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ועשׂה להם מכנסי בד לכסות בשׂר ערוה ממתנים ועד ירכים יהיו
Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.
[ועשה] ל׳הם מכנסי [בד] [לכסות] [בשר] [ערוה] [ממתנים] [ועד] [ירכים] [יהיו]
1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 9 supplied entire by an editor.
[ועשה] [ל׳הם] [מכנסי] [בד] [לכסות] [בשר] [ערוה] [ממתנים] [ועד] [ירכים] [יהיו]
nothing on the leather here — 11 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Exodus 28:42
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singularHC/Vqv2ms
הֶם (hem) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural
HRd/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3mp
מִכְנָס (miknac) refers to drawers or undergarments, specifically a type of priestly undergarment made of linen, as noted in Ezekiel 44:18. The term is derived from a root meaning to hide, indicating its function in concealing private parts. It appears only in the dual form, suggesting a pair.
[מִכְנָס] n.m. Ez 44:18 only du. (or pl.) drawers
base
H4370 [מִכְנָס] n.m. Ez 44:18 only du. (or pl.) drawers
4370 miknac mik-nawce'
from 3647 in the sense of hiding; (only in dual) drawers
(from concealing the private parts):--breeches.
see HEBREW for 03647
מִכְנָס (mikh.nas) — undergarment.
1) underwear, drawers, trousers
1a) a priestly undergarment of linen
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
בַּד (bad) refers to white linen, with its derivation remaining uncertain. It is described as flaxen thread or yarn, which is used to make linen garments. The entries do not provide significant disagreement among lexicons.
בַּד, בָּ֑ד n.[m.] white linen (deriv. unknown)
base
H906 בַּד, בָּ֑ד n.[m.] white linen (deriv. unknown)
906 bad bad
perhaps from 909 (in the sense of divided fibres); flaxen
thread or yarn; hence, a linen garment:--linen.
see HEBREW for 0909
בַּד (bad) — linen.
linen, white linen
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
lin'-en (badh, "white linen," used chiefly for priestly robes, buts, "byssus," a fine white Egyptian linen, called in the earlier writings shesh; pesheth, "flax," cadhin; bussos, othonion, linon, sindon): Thread or cloth made of flax.
1. History:
Ancient Egypt was noted for its fine linen (Ge 41:42; Isa 19:9). From it a large export trade was carried on with surrounding nations, including the Hebrews, who early learned the art of spinning from the Egyptians (Ex 35:25) and continued to rely on them for the finest linen (Pr 7:16; Eze 27:7). The culture of flax in Palestine probably antedated the conquest, for in
Linen
(1.) Heb., pishet, pishtah, denotes “flax,” of which linen is made (Isa. 19:9); wrought flax, i.e., “linen cloth”, Lev. 13:47, 48, 52, 59; Deut. 22:11.
Flax was early cultivated in Egypt (Ex. 9:31), and also in Palestine (Josh. 2:6; Hos. 2:9). Various articles were made of it: garments (2 Sam. 6:14), girdles (Jer. 13:1), ropes and thread (Ezek. 40:3), napkins (
cloth made from flax. Several different Hebrew words are rendered linen, which may denote different fabrics of linen or different modes of manufacture. Egypt was the great centre of the linen trade. Some linen, made form the Egyptian byssus , a flax that grew on the banks of the Nile, was exceedingly soft and of dazzling whiteness. This linen has been sold for twice its weight in gold. Sir J.G. Wilkinson says of it, "The quality of the fine linen fully justifies all the praises of antiquity, and excites equal admiration at the present day, being to the touch comparable to silk, and not inferior in texture to our finest cambric."
As is well known, is made of the fine fibers of flax, and was much used by the ancients. Four different words in Hebrew are translated in our Bible, "Linen," "fine linen," and "silk:" PISHTAH, Jud 15:14 Eze 44:17,18; BAD, worn by the priests, Ex 28:42 39:28, and by king David, etc., 2Sa 6:14; SHESH, worn by Joseph when governor of Egypt, Ge 41:42, and by the virtuous woman in Pr 31:22, (see SILK;) and BUTZ, of which the veil of the temple and David’s outer mantle were made,
The Hebrew word כָּסָה (*kacah*) primarily means to cover or conceal. It encompasses a range of meanings, including to clothe, hide, or overwhelm. The entries describe various forms of the verb, such as being covered or covering oneself, and its use in contexts like protection or sin. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[כָּסָה] vb. cover
Qal
conceal
pass. (cstr.) covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight)
Niph. covered
Pi.
cover, clothe
cover, conceal blood
cover (with covering of protection)
cover, spread over
cover, overwhelm
cover over
Pual.
be covered
be clothed
Hithp. cover, clothe oneself
base
H3680 כָּסָה cover .. conceal
. pass. (cstr.) covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight)
. covered
. . cover, clothe
. cover, conceal blood
. cover (with covering of protection)
. cover, spread over
. cover, overwhelm
. cover over
. . be covered
. be clothed
. cover, clothe oneself
3680 kacah kaw-saw'
a primitive root; properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows;
by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy):--clad
self, close, clothe, conceal, cover (self), (flee to) hide,
overwhelm. Compare 3780.
see HEBREW for 03780
כָּסָה (ka.sah) — to cover.
1) to cover, conceal, hide
1a) (Qal) conceal, covered (participle)
1b) (Niphal) to be covered
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to cover, clothe
1c2) to cover, conceal
1c3) to cover (for protection)
1c4) to cover over, spread over
1c5) to cover, overwhelm
1d) (Pual)
1d1) to be covered
1d2) to be clothed
1e) (Hithpael) to cover oneself, clothe oneself
Prep | V-Piel-Inf-a — Preposition · verb piel infinitive construct commonHR/Vpcc
בָּשָׂר (basar) means 'flesh' and encompasses various meanings, including the physical body, kinship, and a euphemism for male genitalia. It can refer to humans, animals, and all living things, highlighting the frailty of man in relation to God. The entries consistently emphasize its bodily and relational aspects.
בָּשָׂר 266 n.m. flesh
of the body
flesh for the body itself
male organ of generation (euphemism)
flesh for kindred, blood-relations
man over against God as frail or erring
base
H1320 בָּשָׂר flesh . of the body
. flesh for the body itself
. male organ of generation (euphemism)
. flesh for kindred, blood-relations
. man over against God as frail or erring
1320 basar baw-sawr'
from 1319; flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body,
person; also (by euphem.) the pudenda of a man:--body, (fat,
lean) flesh(-ed), kin, (man-)kind, + nakedness, self, skin.
see HEBREW for 01319
בָּשָׂר (ba.sar) — flesh.
1) flesh
1a) of the body
1a1) of humans
1a2) of animals
1b) the body itself
1c) male organ of generation (euphemism)
1d) kindred, blood-relations
1e) flesh as frail or erring (man against God)
1f) all living things
1g) animals
1h) mankind
Aramaic equivalent: be.shar (בְּשַׁר "flesh" H1321)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֶרְוָה (ervah) refers to nakedness or nudity, particularly emphasizing the pudenda. It can also denote shame, disgrace, or improper behavior. The term has a figurative use, suggesting exposure or vulnerability. The Aramaic equivalent is עַרְוָה (arvah), meaning dishonor.
עֶרְוָה 54 n.f. nakedness, pudenda
base
H6172 עֶרְוָה nakedness, pudenda
6172 `ervah er-vaw'
from 6168; nudity, literally (especially the pudenda) or
figuratively (disgrace, blemish):--nakedness, shame,
unclean(-ness).
see HEBREW for 06168
עֶרְוָה (er.vah) — nakedness.
1) nakedness, nudity, shame, pudenda
1a) pudenda (implying shameful exposure)
1b) nakedness of a thing, indecency, improper behaviour
1c) exposed, undefended (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: ar.vah (עַרְוָה "dishonor" H6173)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
מַתְנַ֫יִם (matanim) refers to the loins or hips, derived from a root meaning to be slender. It appears in the plural form and is associated with the term for a greyhound in Proverbs 30:31. The word captures the anatomical region of the waist or small of the back.
מַתְנַ֫יִם n.m.du. loins
base
H4975 מַתְנַ֫יִם loins
4975 mothen mo'-then
from an unused root meaning to be slender; properly, the
waist or small of the back; only in plural the loins:--+
greyhound, loins, side.
מׇתְנַ֫יִם (mo.ten) — loin.
1) loins, hips
1a) used with zar.zir (זַרְזִיר "greyhound" H2223) in Pr 30:31; perhaps an extinct animal, exact meaning unknown
Prep | N-md — Preposition · noun common masculine dual absoluteHR/Ncmda
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
יָרֵךְ (yarek) refers to the thigh, loin, side, or base of an object. It is derived from a root meaning to be soft, highlighting the fleshy nature of the thigh. The term can also euphemistically refer to generative parts and is used in various contexts, including the outside of the thigh where a sword is worn.
יָרֵךְ n.f. thigh, loin, side, base
base
H3409 יָרֵךְ thigh, loin, side, base
3409 yarek yaw-rake'
from an unused root meaning to be soft; the thigh (from its
fleshy softness); by euphem. the generative parts;
figuratively, a shank, flank, side:--X body, loins, shaft,
side, thigh.
יָרֵךְ (ya.rekh) — thigh.
1) thigh, side, loin, base
1a) thigh
1a1) outside of thigh (where sword was worn)
1a2) loins (as the seat of procreative power)
1b) side (flank) (of object)
1c) base
N-fd — Noun common · feminine dual absoluteHNcfda
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
