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Proverbs 27:15 — Word Study

Depth

WLCדֶּ֣לֶף ט֭וֹרֵד בְּי֣וֹם סַגְרִ֑יר וְאֵ֥שֶׁת מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים נִשְׁתָּוָֽה׃

BSAA constantṭârad [continual, steady] drippingdeleph [like a faucet] on a rainyçagrîyd [very rainy, pouring] dayyôwm [period of time] and a contentiousmâdôwn [argumentative, bitter-tongued] womanʼishshâh [wife, female person] are alikeshâvâh [similar, equal]

Word
Listen & take awayProverbs 27
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 15 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (nish.ta.Vah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Proverbs 27:15quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse compares the annoyance of a contentious woman to the constant dripping of water on a rainy day.
Who is speakingThe author of Proverbs, traditionally attributed to Solomon.
Where we areIn a section discussing the nature of relationships and the challenges they can bring.
The hard wordמִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים
Take awayBoth the dripping and the contentious woman create a sense of frustration.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbטָרַד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Proverbs 27:15

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Challenges of Relationshipsgenerated

14If one blesses his neighbor with a loud voice early in the morning, it will be counted to him as a curse.
15A constant dripping on a rainy day and a contentious woman are alike—
16restraining her is like holding back the wind or grasping oil with one’s right hand.
17As iron sharpens iron, so one man sharpens another.

Proverbs 27:15 illustrates the frustration that can arise in relationships, particularly through the metaphor of a constant dripping on a rainy day, likening it to the behavior of a contentious woman. This verse is part of a larger discourse on interpersonal dynamics, emphasizing the challenges that can arise from nagging or argumentative behavior. The surrounding verses provide additional context on how certain actions can lead to discomfort or strife in relationships.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Proverbs 19:13A foolish son is his father’s ruin, and a quarrelsome wife is like a constant dripping.
2Proverbs 21:9–19Better to live on a corner of the roof than to share a house with a quarrelsome wife.
3Proverbs 25:24Better to live on a corner of the roof than to share a house with a quarrelsome wife.
4Job 14:19as water wears away the stones and torrents wash away the soil, so You destroy a man’s hope.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word דֶּ֣לֶף, De.lefgenerated

The noun דֶּ֣לֶף (deleph) specifically refers to dripping or dropping, often associated with rain. It conveys the idea of something that is leaking or continuously falling, much like a faucet that does not stop.

In this verse, it serves as a metaphor for the persistent annoyance caused by a contentious woman. The word's root suggests a connection to the idea of something that is unceasing, which aligns with the behavior being described.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb נִשְׁתָּוָֽה, she is like, governs the whole sentence, linking the two subjects: a constant dripping and a contentious woman. The structure emphasizes the comparison being made.

The sentence is built around this main verb, with two noun phrases describing each subject: the dripping and the woman, both of which are linked by the conjunction 'and'. This structure highlights the parallel drawn between the two.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates דֶּ֣לֶף as σταγόνες, which means 'drops' or 'drips'. This choice emphasizes the physical aspect of dripping, which aligns with the Hebrew meaning.

The Greek translation of the contentious woman as γυνὴ maintains the focus on the female subject, similar to the Hebrew, but it does not carry the same connotation of argumentativeness.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Proverbs 27:15 compares a constant dripping on a rainy day to a contentious woman, suggesting that both can be equally annoying. This verse highlights the challenges of dealing with persistent negativity in relationships.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to be a contentious woman?

A contentious woman is someone who is argumentative or quarrelsome, often causing strife in relationships, similar to the annoyance of constant dripping.

How does the metaphor of dripping relate to relationships?

The metaphor illustrates how small, continuous annoyances can accumulate over time, leading to frustration in relationships, much like the persistent sound of dripping water.

What is the significance of the comparison in this verse?

The comparison serves to highlight the detrimental effects of nagging behavior in relationships, suggesting that it can drive people away just as incessant dripping can be unbearable.

Are there other verses that discuss contentious behavior?

Yes, other verses in Proverbs also address contentious behavior and its impact on relationships, such as in Proverbs 19:13 and Proverbs 25:24.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some ways I can avoid being contentious in my relationships?
  2. How can I address persistent annoyances in a constructive manner?
  3. In what situations do I find myself being argumentative, and how can I change that?
  4. What practical steps can I take to foster peace in my interactions with others?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Christian writers have commented on this verse, noting its implications for spiritual and relational care, drawing parallels between physical annoyances and spiritual neglect.

John Cassian c. 360–435
Solomon remarks that the same thing happens to the soul in a spiritual way when he says in other words, “Leaks drive a person out of his house on a stormy day.” Neatly, then, does he compare spiritual carelessness with a neglected roof,
Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 27 →
John CassianCONFERENCE 6:17 c. 360–435
Solomon tells us that the same thing happens spiritually to the soul when he says in other words: “Dripping water drives a man out of the house on a stormy day.” Elegantly then he compares spiritual carelessness to a roof and tiles that…
Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 27 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Proverbs 27:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

A continual dropping in a very rainy day,.... That is, through the roof of a house which is not well covered, or which lets in rain by one means or another; so that in a thorough rainy day it keeps

Read John Gill on Proverbs 27 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike. Proverbs 19:13.

Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 27 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Are equally troublesome, the first not suffering a man to go abroad with comfort, the latter not permitting him to stay at home with quietness.

Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 27 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Proverbs 27:15 A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike.Ver. 15. A continual dropping.]

Read John Trapp on Proverbs 27 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(15) A continual dropping in a very rainy day.—See above on Proverbs 19:13.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 27 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 15. A continual dropping] See Proverbs 19:13.

Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 27 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Continual dropping - Here, as in the marginal reference, the flat, earthen roof of Eastern houses, always liable to cracks and leakage, supplies the groundwork of the similitude.

Read Albert Barnes on Proverbs 27 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

15. A continual dropping… rainy day — A pouring rain. The word occurs only here. “In a winter’s day, or a stormy day.” — Septuagint. “In a day of cold.” — Vulgate.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 27 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

A constant dripping on a rainy day and a contentious woman are alike—

WEBWorld English Bible2000

A continual dropping on a rainy day and a contentious wife are alike:

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

A constant dripping on a rainy day and a contentious woman are alike—

NETBNew English Translation2006

A continual dripping on a rainy day and a contentious wife are alike.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

A continual dropping in a very rainy day And a contentious woman are alike:

RVARevised Version, American1894

A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

A continual dropping in the day of raine, and a contentious woman are alike.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

A continual dropping on a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike:

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

A continual dropping in a day of rain, And a woman of contentions are alike,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

A continual dropping in a day of rain, || And a woman of contentions are alike,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

A continual dropping on a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

A quarreling wife is like the constant dripping on a rainy day;

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Roofs dropping through in a cold day, and a contentious woman are alike.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

An argumentative wife is as irritating as constant dripping on a rainy day.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Like an unending dropping on a day of rain is a bitter-tongued woman.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausenoun phrase · subjectnoun phrasenoun phraseדֶּ֣לֶףa.drippingט֭וֹרֵדcontinualprepositional phraseבְּonnoun phraseי֣וֹםa.dayסַגְרִ֑ירof.persistent.rainוְandnoun phraseאֵ֥שֶׁתa.wifeמִ֝דְיָנִ֗יםof.contentionsverbנִשְׁתָּוָֽהshe.is.like

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of this verse, with five of the seven words matching directly. The Septuagint's translation reflects the same concepts but may differ in word order and articles.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

דֶּ֣לֶף ט֭וֹרֵד בְּי֣וֹם סַגְרִ֑יר וְאֵ֥שֶׁת מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים נִשְׁתָּוָֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
דֶּ֣לֶףσταγόνεςט֭וֹרֵדἐκβάλλουσινבְּי֣וֹםἡμέρᾳוְאֵ֥שֶׁתγυνὴמִ֝דְיָנִ֗יםλοίδορος

5 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Proverbs 27:15דֶּ֫לֶףa drippinga drippingדֶּ֫לֶףטָרַדcontinuouscontinuousטָרַדיוֹםon a day ofon a day ofיוֹםסַגְרִירpersistent persistent rainסַגְרִיראִשָּׁהand a wife and a wife ofאִשָּׁהדִּיןcontentionscontentionsדִּיןשָׁוָהshe is likeshe is likeשָׁוָהדָּלַףto dripto dripדָּלַףסָגַרto shutto shutסָגַראִישׁmanmanאִישׁאֱנוֹשׁhumanhumanאֱנוֹשׁמָדוֹןstrifestrifeמָדוֹןשְׁבִיעִיseventhseventhשְׁבִיעִישַׁבָּתSabbathSabbathשַׁבָּתטַףchildchildטַףנָכְרִיforeignforeignנָכְרִיחֲבַרfellowfellowחֲבַרפִּנָּהcornercornerפִּנָּהדָּמָהto resemblto resembleדָּמָהחֵ֫פֶץpleasurepleasureחֵ֫פֶץ
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 27:15

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

a dripping continuous on a day of persistent rain and a wife of contentions she is like
דֶּ֣לֶףDe.lef a dripping H1812 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Dripping refers to something that is dropping or leaking, like a faucet. In the Bible, it is used to describe a contentious wife, who is always nagging or complaining. This word is often translated as dropping.
Amplified meaning
like a faucet
Tyndale gloss
dripping
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דֶּ֫לֶף (deleph) refers to a dripping or dropping, particularly noted in the context of rain. It can also figuratively describe a contentious wife. The word is derived from a related term, indicating its specific meaning within the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דֶּ֫לֶף n.m. a dropping (of rain)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1812 דֶּ֫לֶף

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1812 deleph deh'-lef

from 1811; a dripping:--dropping.

see HEBREW for 01811

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דֶּ֫לֶף (de.leph) — dripping.

1) a dropping, dripping

1a) of contentious wife (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
a dripping continuous on a day of persistent rain and a wife of contentions she is like
ט֭וֹרֵדTo.red continuous H2956 Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to pursue or chase after something, like following close behind. It is used in the Bible to describe continuous action.
Amplified meaning
continual, steady
Tyndale gloss
to pursue
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָרַד (tarad) is a primitive root meaning to pursue or chase, and it can also imply a sense of continuity. The entries indicate that it can describe a continual action, such as dripping, and it has an Aramaic equivalent meaning to chase away. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[טָרַד] vb. pursue, chase, be continuous

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2956 טָרַד

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2956 tarad taw-rad'

a primitive root; to drive on; figuratively, to follow

close:--continual.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָרַד (ta.rad) — to pursue.

1) to pursue, chase, be continuous

1a) (Qal) dripping (participle)

Aramaic equivalent: te.rad (טְרַד "to chase away" H2957)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
HVqrmsa
a dripping continuous on a day of persistent rain and a wife of contentions she is like
בְּי֣וֹםbe.Yom on a day of H3117 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
2,306× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Amplified meaning
period of time
Tyndale gloss
day
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a division of time, contrasting with night. It can denote a literal 24-hour period, a general time span, or even a year. The term is used in various contexts, including the 'day of Yahweh,' which signifies a time of divine judgment. It also appears in phrases indicating temporal references like today, yesterday, and tomorrow.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יוֹם 2285 n.m. day

day, opp. night

Day as division of time

יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous

Pl. days of anyone

Days

יוֹם = time

Phrases

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3117 יוֹם day . day, opp. night

. Day as division of time

. יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous

. Pl. days of anyone

. Days

. יוֹם = time

. Phrases

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3117 yowm yome

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm

hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one

sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by

an associated term), (often used adverb):--age, + always, +

chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to)

day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, +

(for) ever(-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as

(... live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually,

presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space,

then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble,

weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole

(+ age), (full) year(-ly), + younger.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יוֹם (yom) — day.

: day/when/time/period

1) day, time, year

1a) day (as opposed to night)

1b) day (24 hour period)

1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

1b2) as a division of time

1b2a) a working day, a day's journey

1c) days, lifetime (pl.)

1d) time, period (general)

1e) year

1f) temporal references

1f1) today

1f2) yesterday

1f3) tomorrow

יוֹם (yom) — day: old.

: old/(full/many)[days]

1) day, time, year

1a) day (as opposed to night)

1b) day (24 hour period)

1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

1b2) as a division of time

1b2a) a working day, a day's journey

1c) days, lifetime (pl.)

1d) time, period (general)

1e) year

1f) temporal references

1f1) today

1f2) yesterday

1f3) tomorrow

יוֹם (yom) — day: year.

: year[of_days]

1) day, time, year

1a) day (as opposed to night)

1b) day (24 hour period)

1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

1b2) as a division of time

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

a dripping continuous on a day of persistent rain and a wife of contentions she is like
סַגְרִ֑ירsag.Rir persistent rain H5464 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A pouring rain is a steady and heavy downpour of water from the sky. In the Bible, this word is used to describe a very rainy day, like in the book of Job where the rain pours down relentlessly.
Amplified meaning
very rainy, pouring
Tyndale gloss
rain
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סַגְרִיר (sag.rid) refers to steady or persistent rain. It is likely derived from a root meaning to sweep away, indicating a pouring rain. The term appears in Proverbs 27:15, where it describes a consistent downpour.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סַגְרִיר n.[m.] steady, persistent rain;—abs. Pr 27:15

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5464 סַגְרִיר, סַגְרִיד

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5464 cagriyd sag-reed'

probably from 5462 in the sense of sweeping away; a pouring

rain:--very rainy.

see HEBREW for 05462

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סַגְרִיר (sag.rid) — rain.

steady or persistent rain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ran (maTar, Arabic (?), maTar, "rain" geshem, "heavy rain" moreh, "early rain," yoreh, "former rain," malqosh, "latter rain"; brecho, huetos):

1. Water-Supply in Egypt and Palestine:

In Egypt there is little or no rainfall, the water for vegetation being supplied in great abundance by the river Nile; but in Syria and Palestine there are no large rivers, and the people have to depend entirely on the fall of rain for water for themselves, their animals and their fields. The children of Israel when in Egypt were promised by Yahweh a land which "drinketh water of the rain of heaven" (De 11:11). Springs and fountains are found in most of the valleys, but the flow of the springs depends directly on the fall of rain or snow in the mountains.

2. Importance of Rain in Season:

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Rain

There are three Hebrew words used to denote the rains of different seasons, (1.) Yoreh (Hos. 6:3), or moreh (Joel 2:23), denoting the former or the early rain. (2.) Melqosh, the “latter rain” (Prov. 16:15). (3.) Geshem, the winter rain, “the rains.” The heavy winter rain is mentioned in Gen. 7:12; Ezra 10:9; Cant. 2:11. The “early” or “former” rains commence in autumn in the latter part of October or beginning of November (Deut. 11:14; Joel 2:23; comp.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

In the Bible "early rain" signifies the rain of the autumn, (11:14) and "latter rain" the rain of spring. (Proverbs 16:1,5) For six months in the year, from May to October, no rain falls, the whole land becomes dry, parched and brown. The autumnal rains are eagerly looked for, to prepare the earth for the reception of the seed. These, the early rains, commence about the latter end of October continuing through November and December. January and February are the coldest months, and snow falls, sometimes to the depth of a foot or more, at Jerusalem, but it does not lie long; it is very seldom seen along the coast and in the low plains. Rain continues to fall more or less during the month of March it is very rare in April. Robinson observes that there are not, at the present day, "any particular periods of rain or succession of showers…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

In Scripture the "early" and the "latter" rain of Palestine is spoken of, De 11:14 Ho 6:3. The former falls in the latter part of October, the seed-time of Palestine; and the weather then continues variable, with more or less rain the whole winter, until after the latter or spring rain in April. Afterwards, the weather becomes serene, and the crops ripen. The wheat harvest takes place in May; by the middle of August, the fruits are gathered in; and from that time to the coming of the first or October rains, prevail the scorching heats and droughts of summer. Nothing can more expressively represent spiritual blessings than copious showers of rain after this trying season is past, De 32:2

a dripping continuous on a day of persistent rain and a wife of contentions she is like
וְאֵ֥שֶׁתve.'E.shet and a wife of H802 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct
781× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for woman, used to describe a female person, wife, or animal, appears in many biblical passages, including Genesis and Exodus, and is often translated as woman, wife, or female.
Amplified meaning
wife, female person
Tyndale gloss
woman
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אִשָּׁה (ishshah) means 'woman,' 'wife,' or 'female.' It can refer to a woman in general, a wife in relation to a man, or the female of animals. The term also has distributive and reciprocal uses, indicating 'each woman' from her neighbor. The word is derived from the masculine forms אִישׁ (ish) and אִישָׁה (ishah), indicating a broad range of meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִשָּׁה 773 n.f. woman, wife, female

woman

Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)

Female of animals

With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H802 אִשָּׁה woman, wife, female . woman

. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)

. Female of animals

. With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

802 'ishshah ish-shaw'

feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym

{naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as

582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none,

one, + together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.

see HEBREW for 0376

see HEBREW for 0582

see HEBREW for 0582

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman.

: woman

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: wife.

: wife/widow

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: another.

: another

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct
HC/Ncfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

a dripping continuous on a day of persistent rain and a wife of contentions she is like
מִ֝דְיָנִ֗יםmi.do.nim contentions H4079 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means contention or strife, describing a quarrel or dispute, as seen in the KJV translation of brawling or contention.
Tyndale gloss
contention
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִדְיָן (midyan) refers to strife or contention, indicating a state of disagreement or conflict. The term is associated with brawling and is derived from a variation of another Hebrew word for contention. It appears in contexts relating to disputes or arguments.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מָדוֹן n.m. strife, contention

strife, contention

object of contention

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4079 דִּין, דּוּן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4079 midyan mid-yawn'

a variation for 4066:--brawling, contention(-ous).

see HEBREW for 04066

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִדְיָן (mid.yan) — contention.

strife, contention

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
a dripping continuous on a day of persistent rain and a wife of contentions she is like
נִשְׁתָּוָֽה׃nish.ta.Vah she is like H7737 Verb plural · third person masculine singular
21× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to set or place something, and it is used to describe the act of leveling or equalizing something. It can also mean to adjust or compare things, and it is used in various contexts in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
similar, equal
Tyndale gloss
be like
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁוָה (shavah) is a Hebrew verb that conveys the idea of being even or smooth, and extends to meanings like agreeing, resembling, or making something like another. It is built from a primitive root and covers a range of uses, including to level, set, or adjust. The entries indicate various forms, such as Qal, Piel, and Hiphil, which express different nuances of the verb.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁוָה vb. (be even, smooth, v. Pi., hence) agree with, be like, resemble

Qal it was not equalled to me, i.e. not requited

Pi. he hath levelled

Hiph. make like

Nithp. (appar.) are alike

base

[שָׁוָה] vb. Pi. set, place

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7737a שָׁוָה (be even, smooth, v. Pi., hence) agree with, be like, resemble . make like

. (appar.) are alike

H7737b שָׁוָה Pi. set, place

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7737 shavah shaw-vaw'

a primitive root; properly, to level, i.e. equalize;

figuratively, to resemble; by implication, to adjust (i.e.

counterbalance, be suitable, compose, place, yield,

etc.):--avail, behave, bring forth, compare, countervail,

(be, make) equal, lay, be (make, a- )like, make plain, profit,

reckon.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁוָה (sha.vah) — be like.

1) to agree with, be or become like, level, resemble

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be like

1a2) equivalent (participle)

1a3) to set, place

1a4) setting (participle)

1b) (Piel) to level, smooth, still

1c) (Hiphil) to make like

1d) (Nithpael) to be alike

Aramaic equivalent: she.vah (שְׁוָה "be like" H7739A)

שָׁוָה (sha.vah) — to set.

(Piel) to set, place

Aramaic equivalent: she.vah (שְׁוָה "be set" H7739B)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-D-Perf-3fs — Verb plural · third person masculine singular
HVDp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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