Job 14:19 — Word Study
WLCאֲבָנִ֤ים׀ שָׁ֥חֲקוּ מַ֗יִם תִּשְׁטֹֽף־ סְפִיחֶ֥יהָ עֲפַר־ אָ֑רֶץ וְתִקְוַ֖ת אֱנ֣וֹשׁ הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ׃
BSAas watermayim [the source of refreshment] wears awayshâchaq■ ◂the stonesʼeben [rocks, weights, or precious gems] and torrentsçâphîyach [overflowings, strong flows] wash awayshâṭaph▸ the soilʻâphâr [dust, dry earth] so You destroyʼâbad■ [perish, lose] a man’sʼĕnôwsh [human, mankind] hopetiqvâh [cord, expectancy, waiting]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אֲבָנִ֤ים׀ | stones | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| שָׁ֥חֲקוּ | they rub away | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| מַ֗יִם | waters | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| תִּשְׁטֹֽף־ | it washes off | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine singular |
| סְפִיחֶ֥יהָ | overflowings its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| עֲפַר־ | [the] dust of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אָ֑רֶץ | [the] earth | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וְתִקְוַ֖ת | and [the] hope of | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct |
| אֱנ֣וֹשׁ | humankind | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ׃ | you destroy | Verb, Hiphil, perfect second person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | as water wears away the stones and torrents wash away the soil, so You destroy a man’s hope. |
| KJV | The waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which grow out of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of man. |
| ASV | The waters wear the stones; The overflowings thereof wash away the dust of the earth: So thou destroyest the hope of man. |
| YLT | Stones have waters worn away, Their outpourings wash away the dust of earth, And the hope of man Thou hast destroyed. |
| WEB | The waters wear the stones. The torrents of it wash away the dust of the earth. So you destroy the hope of man. |
| BBE | The stones are crushed small by the force of the waters; the dust of the earth is washed away by their overflowing: and so you put an end to the hope of man. |
Where they part company is הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ — see How Translations Differ.
Two main clauses connected by a comparison, with a participial phrase detailing the actions of water.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, AdamClarke & more — read them ›
clause
subjectמַיִם
verbשָׁחַק
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 14:19
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Reflection on Mortalitygenerated
Job 14:19 presents a stark image of how natural forces can erode not only the earth but also human hope. Job compares the wearing away of stones and soil by water to the destruction of a man's hope by God. This metaphor emphasizes the fragility of human expectations in the face of life's harsh realities, as Job contemplates the inevitability of death and loss.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 6:17 | And behold, I will bring floodwaters upon the earth to destroy every creature under the heavens that has the breath of life. Everything on the earth will perish. |
| 2 | Genesis 7:21–23 | And every living thing that moved upon the earth perished—birds, livestock, animals, every creature that swarms upon the earth, and all mankind. |
| 3 | Job 19:10 | He tears me down on every side until I am gone; He uproots my hope like a tree. |
| 4 | Job 27:8 | For what is the hope of the godless when he is cut off, when God takes away his life? |
| 5 | Psalm 30:6–7 | In prosperity I said, “I will never be shaken.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ, he'evad'tagenerated
The verb אָבַד (*abad*) means 'to perish' or 'to be lost.' It conveys a sense of destruction or loss, often in a moral or existential context. In this verse, it emphasizes the finality of losing hope, suggesting that just as stones are worn away, so too is a man's hope ultimately destroyed.
The parsing indicates it is in the Hiphil stem, which often implies causing an action to happen. Thus, Job is expressing that God actively brings about the destruction of hope, highlighting the theme of divine sovereignty over human fate.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse consists of two main clauses connected by 'so.' The first clause describes the natural process of erosion, while the second clause draws a parallel to the destruction of hope. The finite verbs שָׁחֲקוּ and הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ anchor each clause, with the subject מַ֗יִם (waters) and the implied subject (You) following the natural order of Hebrew prose.
This arrangement emphasizes the comparison between the physical world and the emotional state of humankind, illustrating how both are subject to powerful forces.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אֲבָנִ֤ים as λίθους (stones), maintaining the imagery of erosion. This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew, emphasizing the physicality of the stones being worn away.
The verb הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ is rendered as ἀπώλεσας, which also means 'you destroyed.' This choice reinforces the idea of active destruction, aligning with Job's lament about the fragility of hope.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 14:19 compares the way water erodes stones and soil to how God destroys a person's hope. This imagery highlights the vulnerability of human expectations in the face of life's challenges.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job suggests that just as natural forces can erode physical objects, so too can divine actions lead to the loss of human hope.
The imagery illustrates the gradual and often unnoticed process by which hope can be worn away by life's difficulties.
Hope is central to human experience, and Job's lament reflects a deep sense of despair when that hope is lost.
Job's thoughts remind us of the transient nature of life and the importance of recognizing our vulnerabilities.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced the erosion of hope in my own life?
- How can I find strength when facing the inevitable challenges that come my way?
- What role does faith play in sustaining hope during difficult times?
- How can I support others who are struggling with despair?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 14:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe waters wear the stones,.... Either by continual running in them, or constant dropping upon them (p); and the excavations or hollow places they: make are never filled up again, these impressions
Read John Gill on Job 14 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which grow out of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of man. The Hebrew order is more forcible.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 14 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 14:19 The waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which grow [out] of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of man.Ver. 19. The waters wear the stones] Gutta cavat lapidem, &c. The weakest things wear out the hardest by often falling upon them, or continual running over them; so doth God’ s wrath, though let out minimally, secretly, but surely consume. Hosea 5:12, "I will be unto Ephraim as a moth, and to the house of Judah as rottenness," or that little worm ( teredo) that eats into the heart of wood, and rots it. Thus he plagued the Egyptians by lice and flies. There may be much poison in little drops. Thou washest away the things that grow out of the earth]…
Read John Trapp on Job 14 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 19. The waters wear the stones] Even the common stones are affected in the same way. Were even earthquakes and violent concussions of nature wanting, the action of water, either running over them as a stream, or even falling upon them in drops, will wear these stones. Hence the proverb: - Gutta cavat lapidem non vi sed saepe cadendo. "Constant droppings will make a hole in a flint." Εκθαμινηςραθαμιγγος, ὁκωςλογος, αιεςιοισας, Χ' ἁλιθοςεςρωχμονκοιλαινεται. "From frequent dropping, as the proverb says, perpetually falling, even a stone is hollowed into a hole." Thou washest away the things] Alluding to sudden falls of rain occasioning floods, by which the fruits of the earth are swept…
Read AdamClarke on Job 14 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges19. The turbulent waters wear away the stones of the brook by their constant action. thou washest away, &c] Rather, the floods thereof (i. e. of the waters) do wash away the soil of the earth. and thou destroyest] i. e. so thou destroyest. The “hope” of man which God destroys is not the specific hope of a renewed life (Job 14:7)—this idea is dismissed—but more general, the hope of life.
Read Cambridge on Job 14 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe waters wear the stones - By their constant attrition they wear away even the hard rocks, and they disappear, and return no more.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 14 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible19. Washest away, etc. — Its floods (referring to “waters,” used collectively) wash away the dust of the earth, leaving desolation in their track.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 14 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
as water wears away the stones and torrents wash away the soil, so You destroy a man’s hope.
The waters wear the stones. The torrents of it wash away the dust of the earth. So you destroy the hope of man.
as water wears away the stones and torrents wash away the soil, so You destroy a man’s hope.
as water wears away stones, and torrents wash away the soil, so you destroy man’s hope.
Tyndale line
The waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which grow out of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of man.
The waters wear the stones; The overflowings thereof wash away the dust of the earth: So thou destroyest the hope of man.
The waters wear the stones; the overflowings thereof wash away the dust of the earth: and thou destroyest the hope of man.
The waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which grow out of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of man.
As the water breaketh the stones, when thou ouerflowest the things which growe in the dust of ye earth: so thou destroyest ye hope of man.
Strictly literal
The waters wear the stones, the floods thereof wash away the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of man.
Stones have waters worn away, Their outpourings wash away the dust of earth, And the hope of man Thou hast destroyed.
Waters have worn away stones, || Their outpourings wash away the dust of earth, || And You have destroyed the hope of man.
The water weareth out stones; thou sweepest away their fragments [like] the dust of the earth: and so thou destroyest the hope of man.
the waters wear down the stones; their flooding washes away the dust of the earth. Like this, you destroy the hope of man.
From the Latin
Waters wear away the stones, and with inundation the ground by little and little is washed away: so in like manner thou shalt destroy man.
Simplified
as water wears away the stones, as floods wash away the soil, so you destroy the hope people have.
The stones are crushed small by the force of the waters; the dust of the earth is washed away by their overflowing: and so you put an end to the hope of man.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text (MT) of Job 14:19 states that water wears away stones and washes away the soil, leading to the destruction of a man's hope. The Septuagint (LXX) agrees with the overall sentiment of the MT, as 8 of the 10 words correspond closely, though the specific wording and structure differ due to the translation process. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide a direct comparison for this verse, so their agreement or disagreement with the MT cannot be assessed here.
אֲבָנִ֤ים׀ שָׁ֥חֲקוּ מַ֗יִם תִּשְׁטֹֽף־ סְפִיחֶ֥יהָ עֲפַר־ אָ֑רֶץ וְתִקְוַ֖ת אֱנ֣וֹשׁ הֶאֱבַֽדְתָּ׃
8 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 14:19
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word אֶ֫בֶן (*eben*) means 'stone' and encompasses various types, including common stones, precious stones, and stones used as weights or tools. It can also refer to metaphorical uses, such as a hardened heart or sinking in water. The entries highlight its physical and symbolic significance, with no notable disagreements among lexicons.
אֶ֫בֶן 274 n.f. stone
in natural state
stone, as material
precious stone, gen. with modifying word
stone containing metal, = ore
a weight, as orig. stone
plummet
objects like stone
in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
In topogr. terms
base
H68 אֶ֫בֶן stone . in natural state
. stone, as material
. precious stone, gen. with modifying word
. stone containing metal, = ore
. a weight, as orig. stone
. plummet
. objects like stone
. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
. In topogr. terms
68 'eben eh'-ben
from the root of 1129 through the meaning to build; a
stone:--+ carbuncle, + mason, + plummet, (chalk-, hail-,
head-, sling-)stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).
see HEBREW for 01129
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone.
: stone
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
1e) weight
1f) plummet (stones of destruction) also made of metal
1g) stonelike objects, eg hailstones, stony heart, ice
1h) sacred object, as memorial Samuel set up to mark where God helped Israel to defeat the Philistines
1i) (simile)
1i1) sinking in water, motionlessness
1i2) strength, firmness, solidity
1i3) commonness
1j) (metaph)
1j1) petrified with terror
1j2) perverse, hard heart
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone: weight.
: weight
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
Besides the ordinary uses to which stones were applied, we may mention that large stones were set up to commemorate any remarkable event. (Genesis 28:18; 35:14; 31:45; Joshua 4:9; 1 Samuel 7:12) Such stones were occasionally consecrated By anointing. (Genesis 28:18) Heaps of stones were piled up on various occasions, as in token of a treaty, (Genesis 31:47) or over the grave of some notorious offender. (Joshua 7:26; 8:29; 2 Samuel 18:17) The "white stone" noticed in (
שָׁחַק (shachaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rub away, beat fine, or pulverize. It conveys the idea of comminution, often in the context of grinding substances like incense or stones, and can also be used figuratively regarding enemies. The entries consistently emphasize its physical and metaphorical applications.
[שָׁחַק] vb. rub away, beat fine, pulverize
base
H7833 שָׁחַק
7833 shachaq shaw-khak'
a primitive root; to comminate (by trituration or
attrition):--beat, wear.
שָׁחַק (sha.chaq) — to beat.
1) to rub away, beat fine, pulverise
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to rub away
1a1a) of incense, stones
1a1b) of enemies (fig)
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.
[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
base
H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
4325 mayim mah'-yim
dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+
piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).
מַי (ma.yim) — water.
1) water, waters
1a) water
1b) water of the feet, urine
1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)
מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).
This name means water, refreshment
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
wo'-terz (mayim, plural of may, "water"; in the New Testament hudor, "water"; kindunois potamon (2Co 11:26), the King James Version "perils of waters," is in the Revised Version (British and American) "perils of rivers"): In the New Testament there is frequent reference to the water of baptism. Pilate washes his hands with water to signify his guiltlessness. Jesus tells the Samaritan woman of the living water. The Lamb shall guide the redeemed unto fountains of waters of life.
The uses of mayim are well classified in BDB, especially the figurative references, as follows: a symbol of distress, "when thou passest through the waters" (Isa 43:2); of force, "like the breach of waters" (2Sa 5:20); of that which is overwhelming, "a…
The Hebrew word שָׁטַף (shataph) is a primitive root meaning to overflow or wash off. It encompasses actions such as gushing, inundating, and cleansing, with various forms indicating different nuances like being swept away or rinsed out. The entries consistently highlight its connection to flowing and washing, without significant disagreement among the lexicons.
שָׁטַף vb. overflow, rinse or wash off
Qal
overflow
flow, run
lit., rinse or wash off
Niph. be rinsed out, off
Pu. it shall be scoured and rinsed.
base
H7857 שָׁטַף overflow, rinse or wash off
7857 shataph shaw-taf'
a primitive root; to gush; by implication, to inundate,
cleanse; by analogy, to gallop, conquer:--drown,
(over-)flow(- whelm, rinse, run, rush, (throughly) wash
(away).
שָׁטַף (sha.taph) — to overflow.
1) to wash, rinse, overflow, engulf, rinse or wash off
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to overflow
1a2) to flow, run
1a3) to rinse or wash off
1b) (Niphal) to be swept away, be rinsed out
1c) (Pual) to be rinsed, be scoured and rinsed
V-Qal-Imperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singularHVqi3fs
סָפִיחַ (sāphîaḥ) refers to something that grows spontaneously, such as a self-sown crop or aftergrowth from spilled kernels. The entries suggest it can denote both an outpouring and the growth of plants that develop of their own accord. There is some uncertainty regarding the exact meaning of 'outpouring,' as indicated by the question mark in the Brown-Driver-Briggs entry.
[סָפִיחַ] n.[m.] outpouring(?)
base
סָפִיחַ n.[m.] growth from spilled kernels
base
H5599a סָפִיחַ outpouring(?) H5599b סָפִיחַ growth from spilled kernels
5599 caphiyach saw-fee'-akh
from 5596; something (spontaneously) falling off, i.e. a
self-sown crop; figuratively, a freshet:--(such) things as
(which) grow (of themselves), which groweth of its own accord
(itself).
see HEBREW for 05596
סָפִיחַ (sa.phi.ach) — outpouring.
outpouring
סָפִיחַ (sa.phi.ach) — aftergrowth.
growth from spilled kernels, after-growth, volunteer plants
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
עָפָר (aphar) refers to dry earth or dust, encompassing meanings such as powder, ashes, and rubbish. It is derived from a root meaning to be dry and is used in various contexts, including clay and mortar. The entries consistently highlight its association with loose earth and debris.
עָפָר n.m. dry earth, dust
base
H6083 עָפָר dry earth, dust
6083 `aphar aw-fawr'
from 6080; dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth,
mud:--ashes, dust, earth, ground, morter, powder, rubbish.
see HEBREW for 06080
עָפָר (a.phar) — dust.
1) dry earth, dust, powder, ashes, earth, ground, mortar, rubbish
1a) dry or loose earth
1b) debris
1c) mortar
1d) ore
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
urth ('adhamah, 'erets, 'aphar; ge, oikoumene):
In a hilly limestone country like Palestine, the small amount of iron oxide in the rocks tends to be oxidized, and thereby to give a prevailing reddish color to the soil. This is especially the case on relatively barren hills where there is little organic matter present to prevent reddening and give a more blackish tinge.
'Adhamah (compare 'adham, "a man," and Adam) is from 'adham, "to be red," and is used in the senses: "earth" (Ex 20:24), "land" (Ps 105:35), a "land" or country (Isa 14:2), "ground" (Ge 4:11), "the earth" (Ge 7:4).
Earth
(1.) In the sense of soil or ground, the translation of the word adamah’. In Gen. 9:20 “husbandman” is literally “man of the ground or earth.” Altars were to be built of earth (Ex. 20:24). Naaman asked for two mules’ burden of earth (2 Kings 5:17), under the superstitious notion that Jehovah, like the gods of the heathen, could be acceptably worshipped only on his own soil.
(2). As the rendering of ’erets, it means the whole world (Gen. 1:2); the land as opposed to the sea (1:10). Erets also denotes a country (21:32); a plot of ground (23:15); the ground on which a man stands (33:3); the inhabitants of the earth (6:1; 11:1); all the world except Israel (
The term is used in two widely-different senses: (1) for the material of which the earth’s surface is composed; (2) as the name of the planet on which man dwells. The Hebrew language discriminates between these two by the use of separate terms, adamah for the former, erets for the latter. Adamah is the earth in the sense of soil or ground, particularly as being susceptible of cultivation. (Genesis 2:7) Erets is applied in a more or less extended sense-- (1) to the whole world, (Genesis 1:1) (2) to land as opposed to sea, (Genesis 1:10) (3) to a country, (Genesis 21:32) (4) to a plot of ground, (Genesis 23:15) and (5) to…
In both Hebrew and Greek the same word is used to denote the earth as a whole, and a particular land. Only the context can enable us to decide in which of these senses it is to be taken in a given passage.
Thus in Mt 27:45 we might, so far as the original word is concerned, render either "there was darkness over all the land," or over all the earth. The expression "all the earth" is sometimes used hyperbolically for a large portion of it, Ezr 1:2. The word is used of the whole world, etc. In a moral sense, earthly is opposed to what is heavenly, spiritual and holy, Joh 3:31 1Co 15:47 Col 3:2
תִּקְוָה (tiqvah) means both 'cord' and 'hope.' It is derived from a root meaning to attach or bind, reflecting a sense of expectancy or longing. The term encompasses concepts of hope, expectation, and the outcomes of what is hoped for, as noted in various lexicons.
[תִּקְוָה] n.f. cord
base
תִּקְוָה 34 n.f. hope
hope
= ground of hope
things hoped for, outcome
base
H8615a תִּקְוָה cord H8615b תִּקְוָה hope . hope
. = ground of hope
. things hoped for, outcome
8615 tiqvah tik-vaw'
from 6960; literally, a cord (as an attachment (compare
6961)); figuratively, expectancy:--expectation ((-ted)),
hope, live, thing that I long for.
see HEBREW for 06960
see HEBREW for 06961
תִּקְוָה (tiq.vah) — cord.
cord
תִּקְוָה (tiq.vah) — hope.
1) hope, expectation
1a) hope
1b) ground of hope
1c) things hoped for, outcome
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular constructHC/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֱנוֹשׁ (enowsh) refers to man or mankind, often used in a poetic context. It denotes a mortal individual, distinguishing humans from more dignified terms for man. The word encompasses both singular and collective meanings, indicating people or persons in general. Its Aramaic equivalent is אֱנָשׁ (e.nash), also meaning 'man'.
אֱנוֹשׁ n.m. man, mankind, mostly poet.
of individ.
coll. men
man, mankind
base
H582 אֱנוֹשׁ man, mankind, mostly poet.
582 'enowsh en-oshe'
from 605; properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the
more dignified 120); hence, a man in general (singly or
collectively):--another, X (blood-)thirsty, certain,
chap(-man); divers, fellow, X in the flower of their age,
husband, (certain, mortal) man, people, person, servant, some
( X of them), + stranger, those, + their trade. It is often
unexpressed in the English versions, especially when used in
apposition with another word . Compare 376.
see HEBREW for 0605
see HEBREW for 0120
see HEBREW for 0376
אֱנוֹשׁ (e.nosh) — human.
1) man, mortal man, person, mankind
1a) of an individual
1b) men (collective)
1c) man, mankind
Aramaic equivalent: e.nash (אֱנָשׁ "man" H0606)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
אָבַד (abad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to perish or be lost. It encompasses a range of meanings, including dying, vanishing, and destruction, often in a moral or judgment context. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, with uses related to individuals, nations, and inanimate objects. The lexicons indicate that it can also imply causing something to perish or stray.
אָבַד vb. perish (M I אבד, As. abâtu Dl W 184 Aram אֲבַד, Syriac).—
Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵ֑ד Jb 20:7 + 2t.; 3fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4t.; תֹּאבֵ֑ד Jb 8:13 + 3t.; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3t.; יֹאבֵ֑דוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה֙ I S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵ֑ד Jon 1:6…
Read the full entry →H6 אָבַד perish .. perish, die, of individuals
. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory
. be lost, strayed
. . cause to perish, destroy, kill
. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with
. cause to stray, lose
. . destroy, put to death, in judgment
. fig. obj. name of kings; hope; voice of mirth etc.
6 'abad aw-bad'
a primitive root; properly, to wander away, i.e. lose
oneself; by implication to perish (causative,
destroy):--break, destroy(- uction), + not escape, fail,
lose, (cause to, make) perish, spend, X and surely, take, be
undone, X utterly, be void of, have no way to flee.
אָבַד (a.vad) — to perish.
1) perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) perish, die, be exterminated
1a2) perish, vanish (fig.)
1a3) be lost, strayed
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate
1b2) to blot out, do away with, cause to vanish, (fig.)
1b3) cause to stray, lose
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to destroy, put to death
1c1a) of divine judgment
1c2) object name of kings (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (אֲבַד "to destroy" H0007)
V-Hiphil-Perf-2ms — Verb · Hiphil · perfect second person masculine singularHVhp2ms