Proverbs 31:27 — Word Study
WLCצ֭וֹפִיָּה הֲלִיכ֣וֹת בֵּיתָ֑הּ וְלֶ֥חֶם עַ֝צְל֗וּת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵֽל׃
BSAShe watches overtsâphâh [to observe carefully] the affairshălîykâh [ways, paths] of her householdbayith [family, home] and does notlôʼ eatʼâkal▸ [to devour, consume] the breadlechem [food, grain] of idlenessʻatslûwth△ [sluggishness, laziness, without working]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| צ֭וֹפִיָּה | [she is] watching over | Verb, Qal, participle (active) feminine singular |
| הֲלִיכ֣וֹת | [the] ways of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| בֵּיתָ֑הּ | household her | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וְלֶ֥חֶם | and [the] bread of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| עַ֝צְל֗וּת | laziness | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| לֹ֣א | not | Particle |
| תֹאכֵֽל׃ | she eats | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | She watches over the affairs of her household and does not eat the bread of idleness. |
| KJV | She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness. |
| ASV | She looketh well to the ways of her household, And eateth not the bread of idleness. |
| YLT | She [is] watching the ways of her household, And bread of sloth she eateth not. |
| WEB | She looks well to the ways of her household, and doesn’t eat the bread of idleness. |
| BBE | She gives attention to the ways of her family, she does not take her food without working for it. |
Where they part company is in the interpretation of עַצְלוּת — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has one main clause and two subordinate phrases, clearly outlining the woman's actions and what she avoids.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbצָפָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 31:27
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Virtuous Womangenerated
Proverbs 31:27 describes a woman who is vigilant and responsible in overseeing her household affairs. This verse highlights her proactive nature and the importance of diligence, as she does not indulge in idleness. The surrounding verses further illustrate her qualities, including wisdom and the respect she earns from her family, as seen in Proverbs 31:26 and Proverbs 31:28.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 14:1 | Every wise woman builds her house, but a foolish one tears it down with her own hands. |
| 2 | 1 Thessalonians 4:11 | and to aspire to live quietly, to attend to your own matters, and to work with your own hands, as we instructed you. |
| 3 | 2 Thessalonians 3:6 | Now we command you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to keep away from any brother who leads an undisciplined life that is not in keeping with the tradition you received from us. |
| 4 | 1 Timothy 5:10 | and well known for good deeds such as bringing up children, entertaining strangers, washing the feet of the saints, imparting relief to the afflicted, and devoting herself to every good work. |
| 5 | Titus 2:4 | In this way they can train the young women to love their husbands and children, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — צ֭וֹפִיָּה, Tzo.fi.yahgenerated
The word צָפָה (tsaphah) is a verb meaning to watch or observe, often implying a careful and attentive gaze. It suggests an active role in monitoring and safeguarding the household, indicating that the woman is not merely passive but engaged in her responsibilities.
This participle form indicates ongoing action, emphasizing that she continuously watches over her household. The act of watching is not just a momentary glance; it reflects her commitment to her family's well-being.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, the verse is read in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the phrase watches over.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb צ֭וֹפִיָּה, she watches, governs the entire sentence, with two phrases following: a noun phrase describing what she watches and a clause indicating what she does not partake in. This structure highlights her vigilance and contrasts it with her avoidance of idleness.
The sentence is constructed with a clear subject-verb-object order, emphasizing the woman's active role in managing her household affairs and her rejection of laziness.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates צָפָה as στεγναὶ, which suggests a focus on the protective aspect of her watching. This choice highlights the idea of safeguarding her household.
The translation of other terms aligns closely with the Hebrew, maintaining the overall meaning while adapting to the Greek language.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 31:27 describes a woman who carefully watches over her household and does not engage in laziness. She is diligent in her responsibilities, ensuring that her family is well taken care of.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means to be attentive and responsible for the well-being and management of her family's needs.
Idleness is contrasted with diligence, highlighting the importance of hard work and active engagement in household duties.
This verse exemplifies the characteristics of a virtuous woman, emphasizing her strength, wisdom, and commitment to her family.
We learn the value of being proactive and diligent in our roles, avoiding laziness to ensure the well-being of those we care for.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life can I be more vigilant and attentive, like the woman described in this verse?
- How can I avoid idleness and be more productive in my daily responsibilities?
- What are some practical ways I can support and care for my family, reflecting the qualities of the virtuous woman?
- How does this verse challenge me to reflect on my work ethic and diligence?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers comment on this verse to emphasize the importance of diligence and the dangers of idleness, drawing lessons for both personal conduct and community life.
Why should we dwell upon the amount of evil there is in idleness, when the apostle clearly prescribes that he who does not work should not eat? As daily sustenance is necessary for everyone,Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 31 →
She considers the ways of her household, etc. She considers the ways of her household, because she carefully investigates all the thoughts of her conscience.Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 31 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 31:27 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleShe looketh well to the ways of her household,.... The business of her house, her domestic affairs; that her children and servants have convenient food, and in due season; that they have proper
Read John Gill on Proverbs 31 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWho can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. The praises of a virtuous woman; forming a Hebrew acrostic. The 22 years begin with the several 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet consecutively; M.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 31 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleShe looketh well to the ways of her household; she diligently observeth the management and progress of her domestic business, and the whole carriage and conversation of her children and servants; whereby also he intimates that she spends not her thee in gadding abroad to other houses, and idle discourses about the concerns of other persons, as the manner of many women is, but is wholly intent upon her own house and proper business. Eateth not the bread of idleness; that which is got by idleness, or without labour.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 31 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 31:27 She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness.Ver. 27. She looketh well to the ways of her household.] She hath an oar in every boat, an eye in every business; she spies and pries into her children’ s and servants’ carriages, and exacts of them strict conversation and growth in godliness: she overlooks the whole family no otherwise than if she were in a watch tower; Speculatur itinera domus suae. And eateth not the bread of idleness.] She earns it before she eats it. Aristotle also commends φιλεργια, laboriousness, in a woman, and joins it with temperance and chastity, which are preserved by it. So is taciturnity and sober communication…
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 31 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 27. She looketh well to the ways of her household] 18. She is a moral manager: she takes care that all shall behave themselves well; that none of them shall keep bad company or contract vicious habits. A religious industry, or an industrious religion, is the law of her house. She can instruct them in religion, as well as she can teach them in their labour. In her house, diligence in business, and fervency of spirit, serving the Lord, go hand in hand. And eateth not the bread of idleness.] 19. She knows that idleness leads to vice; and therefore every one has his work, and every one has his proper food. That they may work well, they are fed well; and every one, at least, earns the…
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 31 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges27. looketh well to] a happy rendering. Lit. keepeth watch upon, as in Proverbs 15:3. As Almighty God, from His lofty watch-tower in heaven, observes all the minutest details of the manifold work that is going on in the busy hive of earth, so does she from her exalted position in which He has placed her, as mistress of the family, and as responsible to Him, observe “the ways of her household.” Comp. “He that ruleth (let him do it) with diligence,” Romans 12:8.
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 31 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible27. Looketh well to… her household — Watches over, controls, directs, cares for, all the affairs and persons of her family.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 31 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
She watches over the affairs of her household and does not eat the bread of idleness.
She looks well to the ways of her household, and doesn’t eat the bread of idleness.
She watches over the affairs of her household and does not eat the bread of idleness.
She watches over the ways of her household, and does not eat the bread of idleness.
Tyndale line
She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness.
She looketh well to the ways of her household, And eateth not the bread of idleness.
She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness.
She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness.
She ouerseeth the wayes of her housholde, and eateth not the bread of ydlenes.
Strictly literal
She surveyeth the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness.
She [is] watching the ways of her household, And bread of sloth she eateth not.
She [is] watching the ways of her household, || And she does not eat bread of sloth.
She looketh well to the ways of her household, and the bread of idleness she doth not eat.
She watches over the ways of her household and does not eat the bread of idleness.
From the Latin
She hath looked well to the paths of her house, and hath not eaten her bread idle.
Simplified
She looks after the needs of her whole household, and she's never idle.
She gives attention to the ways of her family, she does not take her food without working for it.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all seven words matching in the Hebrew and Greek translations. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the text across these traditions.
צ֭וֹפִיָּה הֲלִיכ֣וֹת בֵּיתָ֑הּ וְלֶ֥חֶם עַ֝צְל֗וּת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵֽל׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 31:27
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
צָפָה (tsaphah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to look out, spy, or keep watch. It is built from a primitive root implying leaning forward to observe or await. The word covers a range of meanings including to behold, espy, and watch closely. In the Old Testament, it can also refer to a watchman.
[צָפָה] 37 vb. look out or about, spy, keep watch
Qal 28 keep watch; elsewh. as subst. watchman
Pi. watch (closely); pt. as n. = watchman
base
H6822 צָפָה look out or about, spy, keep watch
6822 tsaphah tsaw-faw'
a primitive root; properly, to lean forward, i.e. to peer
into the distance; by implication, to observe, await:--
behold, espy, look up (well), wait for, (keep the)
watch(-man).
צָפָה (tsa.phah) — to watch.
1) to look out or about, spy, keep watch, observe, watch
1a)(Qal) to keep watch, spy
1b) (Piel) to watch, watch closely
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) feminine singularHVqrfsa
הֲלִיכָה (haliykah) is a feminine noun derived from the root word for walking. It encompasses meanings related to movement, such as a way, a march, or a travelling company. The term can refer to various forms of movement or procession, including a caravan.
[הֲלִיכָה] n.f. a going, way, travelling-company
base
H1979 הֲלִיכָה
1979 haliykah hal-ee-kaw'
feminine of 1978; a walking; by implication, a procession or
march, a caravan:--company, going, walk, way.
see HEBREW for 01978
הֲלִיכָה (ha.li.khah) — walk.
1) going, doing, travelling company, way
1a) going, walk, marching, doings
1b) travelling company, caravan
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word בַּיִת (*bayith*) means 'house' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including dwelling, family, and place. It can refer to physical structures, such as homes and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like the body or household affairs. The word is built from the root related to 'between' and appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.
בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between
base
בַּ֫יִת 2034 n.m. house
house
place
receptacle
of house as containing a family
household, family (592 t.)
house, including household affairs
lit. housewards, hence metaph. inwards
מִבַּיִת
adv. on the inside
prep. within
base
H1004a בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between H1004b בַּ֫יִת house
1004 bayith bah'-yith
probably from 1129 abbreviated; a house (in the greatest
variation of applications, especially family, etc.):--court,
daughter, door, + dungeon, family, + forth of, X great as
would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter)house(-hold),
inside(-ward), palace, place, + prison, + steward, + tablet,
temple, web, + within(-out).
see HEBREW for 01129
בֵּית (bet) — place.
nm
place, origin, between
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — house: home.
: home/temple/building
nm
1) house
1a) house, dwelling habitation
1b) shelter or abode of animals
1c) human bodies (fig.)
1d) of Sheol
1e) of abode of light and darkness
1f) of land of Ephraim
2) place
3) receptacle
4) home, house as containing a family
5) household, family
5a) those belonging to the same household
5b) family of descendants, descendants as organized body
6) household affairs
7) inwards (metaph.)
8) (TWOT) temple
adv
9) on the inside
prep
10) within
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(ashbea).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with ash.be.a (אַשְׁבֵּעַ "Ashbea" H0791)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth (Haggan).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with hag (גַּן "Haggan" H1588)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(togarmah).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3fs
לֶ֫חֶם (lechem) means bread or food, encompassing items like grain and provisions for both humans and animals. It is derived from a related root and is used in various contexts, particularly in the Old Testament. The entries consistently emphasize its primary association with bread, though they also acknowledge its broader meaning as food.
לֶ֫חֶם 296 n.m. and (rarely) f. bread, food
base
H3899 לֶ֫חֶם bread, food
3899 lechem lekh'-em
from 3898; food (for man or beast), especially bread, or
grain (for making it):--((shew-))bread, X eat, food, fruit,
loaf, meat, victuals. See also 1036.
see HEBREW for 03898
see HEBREW for 01036
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food.
: food(eating)
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food: bread.
: bread/loaf
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food: allowance.
: allowance
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
Conj | N-cs — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עַצְלוּת (atsluwth) refers to indolence or sluggishness, indicating a state of laziness. It is derived from the root word עָצַל (atsal), which also relates to idleness. The term appears in Proverbs 31:27, where it describes a lack of diligence.
עַצְלוּת n.f. id. [p.ep.ac];—לֶהֶם ע׳ Pr 31:27.
done
H6104 עַצְלוּת
6104 `atsluwth ats-looth'
rom 6101; indolence:--idleness.
see HEBREW for 06101
עַצְלוּת (ats.lut) — sluggishness.
sluggishness, laziness
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
→ See SLOTHFULNESS
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Part — ParticleHTn
אָכַל (akal) means 'to eat' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including literal consumption by humans and animals, as well as figurative uses like devouring by fire or destruction. It can describe actions such as feeding or causing to eat, and it also appears in contexts of oppression and destruction. The verb has various forms, indicating different subjects and nuances.
אָכַל 806 vb. eat
Qal
eat, human subject
of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
fig. of fire, devour, consume
of sword, devour, slay
in genl., devour, consume, destroy
fig. of oppression, devour the poor
Niph.
be eaten by man
be devoured by fire, consumed
be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
Pu. be consumed
Hiph.
cause to eat, feed with
cause to devoure, obj. sword
base
H398 אָכַל eat .. eat, human subject
. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
. fig. of fire, devour, consume
. of sword, devour, slay
. in genl., devour, consume, destroy
. fig. of oppression, devour the poor
. . be eaten by man
. be devoured by fire, consumed
. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
. be consumed
. . cause to eat, feed with
. cause to devoure, obj. sword
398 'akal aw-kal'
a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at
all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up),
feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay)
meat, X quite.
אָכַל (a.khal) — to eat.
1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to eat (human subject)
1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)
1a3) to devour, consume (of fire)
1a4) to devour, slay (of sword)
1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought)
1a6) to devour (of oppression)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be eaten (by men)
1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire)
1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to cause to eat, feed with
1c2) to cause to devour
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to feed
1d2) to cause to eat
1e) (Piel)
1e1) consume
Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)
V-Qal-Imperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singularHVqi3fs