Proverbs 7:14 — Word Study
WLCזִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֣ים עָלָ֑י הַ֝יּ֗וֹם שִׁלַּ֥מְתִּי נְדָרָֽי׃
BSAI have made my peaceshelem [sacrifices of peace-offerings, voluntary offerings to God] offeringszebach todayyôwm [this day, at this present time] I have paidshâlam■ [fulfilled, completed] my vowsneder [promises made to God, sacred obligations]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| זִבְחֵ֣י | sacrifices of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| שְׁלָמִ֣ים | peace offerings | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| עָלָ֑י | [are] on me | Preposition, suffix |
| הַ֝יּ֗וֹם | this day | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| שִׁלַּ֥מְתִּי | I have paid | Verb, Piel, perfect first person common singular |
| נְדָרָֽי׃ | vows my | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | “I have made my peace offerings; today I have paid my vows. |
| KJV | I have peace offerings with me; this day have I payed my vows. |
| ASV | Sacrifices of peace-offerings are with me; This day have I paid my vows. |
| YLT | 'Sacrifices of peace-offerings [are] by me, To-day I have completed my vows. |
| WEB | “Sacrifices of peace offerings are with me. Today I have paid my vows. |
| BBE | I have a feast of peace-offerings, for today my oaths have been effected. |
Translations agree on the key terms in this verse, particularly regarding the peace offerings and vows.
The sentence has a main clause with two subordinate phrases, providing clarity on the timing and subject of the actions.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁלֵם
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 7:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Seduction of the Young Mangenerated
Proverbs 7:14 presents a scene where a woman seduces a young man, using her peace offerings as a means to entice him. This context highlights the contrast between genuine worship and manipulative behavior, as she uses her sacrifices to create an illusion of piety while leading him astray. The surrounding verses describe her actions and intentions, emphasizing the danger of temptation.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 15:8 | The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable to the LORD, but the prayer of the upright is His delight. |
| 2 | Proverbs 17:1 | Better a dry morsel in quietness than a house full of feasting with strife. |
| 3 | Proverbs 21:27 | The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable— how much more so when brought with ill intent! |
| 4 | Leviticus 7:15 | The meat of the sacrifice of his peace offering of thanksgiving must be eaten on the day he offers it; none of it may be left until morning. |
| 5 | Deuteronomy 12:6–7 | To that place you are to bring your burnt offerings and sacrifices, your tithes and heave offerings, your vow offerings and freewill offerings, as well as the firstborn of your herds and flocks. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — זֶבַח, ziv.Cheigenerated
The word זֶבַח (ziv.Chei) means 'sacrifice' and is derived from a root meaning 'to slaughter.' It encompasses various types of sacrifices, including thank offerings and covenant sacrifices. In this verse, it signifies the act of offering to God, particularly in a context that implies gratitude.
The plural form indicates multiple offerings, suggesting a significant act of worship. The use of this term here contrasts with the woman's ulterior motives, as she uses these sacrifices to manipulate and seduce rather than to honor God.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
Translations generally agree on the meaning of the key terms in this verse.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is שִׁלַּ֥מְתִּי, I have paid, which governs the subject and object of the sentence. The structure indicates that the speaker is both the subject and the one fulfilling obligations, with the peace offerings and vows serving as the objects of the action.
The sentence flows logically, with the subject stating their actions and the timing of those actions, emphasizing the immediacy of their commitment.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates זֶבַח as θυσία (thysia), meaning 'sacrifice.' This choice reflects a consistent understanding of the term as it relates to offerings made to God, aligning with the Hebrew context.
The translation of שְׁלָמִים as εἰρηνική (eirēnikē), meaning 'peace offering,' further emphasizes the voluntary nature of the sacrifice, indicating a relationship of peace and gratitude.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 7:14 shows a woman declaring that she has made peace offerings and fulfilled her vows. This verse is part of a warning against temptation, illustrating how she uses her religious practices to seduce the young man.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Peace offerings are voluntary sacrifices made to express gratitude and fellowship with God, often given during celebrations.
She uses her offerings to create an impression of piety and to manipulate the young man into following her.
To pay vows means to fulfill promises made to God, often involving commitments to perform certain acts of worship or sacrifice.
In this context, peace offerings are used deceitfully, highlighting how outward acts of worship can mask ulterior motives.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I ensure my acts of worship are genuine and not manipulative?
- What steps can I take to fulfill my commitments to God?
- In what ways can I express gratitude to God through my actions?
- How do I discern between genuine worship and actions that may lead me astray?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 7:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible[I have] peace offerings with me,.... Meaning at her house. These peace offerings were of the eucharistic kind; they were offered by way of thanksgiving for favours received; the greatest part of
Read John Gill on Proverbs 7 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryI have peace offerings with me; this day have I payed my vows.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 7 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleI have paid my peace-offerings which I had vowed; whereby she signifies, either, 1. That she was no common harlot, but one of good repute for religion. Or rather, 2. That she had plentiful and excellent provisions at her house for his entertainment. For the peace-offerings were to be of the best flesh, , and a considerable part of these offerings fell to the offerers’ share, wherewith they used to feast themselves and their friends; see , &c.; , &c.; , &c.; , &c.; whereas the burnt-offerings where wholly consumed, and the flesh of the sin-offerings and trespass-offerings belonged to the priest.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 7 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 7:14 [I have] peace offerings with me; this day have I payed my vows.Ver. 14. I have peace offerings.] Sacris abutitur, ut sceleratis mos est; she pretends religion to her filthy practices. So did those wicked women that lay with Eli’ s sons at the door of the tabernacle. So did King Edward IV’ s holy whore, as he used to call her, that came to him out of a nunnery when he used to call for her. And such were those kedesheth, or common whores, so called in Hebrew, because such abomination was committed under a pretext of religion. But what an odd thing was that of David, that would not lie with Bathsheba till purified! Doth he make conscience of ceremonial, and none of moral purity?…
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 7 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(14) I have peace offerings with me.—Rather, upon me, i.e., I had vowed them, and to-day I have accomplished my vow. The peace-, or thank-offering as it is also rendered, was purely voluntary, in token of thanksgiving for some mercy. The breast and right shoulder of the victim were given to the priest, and the rest belonged to the offerer, who was thus admitted, as it were, to feast with God (Leviticus 3, 7), profanation of this privilege being punished with death. Peace-offerings were accordingly offered on occasions of national rejoicing, as at the inauguration of the covenant (Exodus 24:5), at the accession of Saul (1 Samuel 11:15), and at the bringing up of the ark to Zion (2 Samuel…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 7 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 14. I have peace-offerings with me] More literally, "the sacrifices of the peace-offerings are with me." Peace-offerings, shelamim, were offerings the spiritual design of which was to make peace between God and man, to make up the breach between them which sin had occasioned; See Clarke on Leviticus 7:38, where every kind of sacrifice offered under the law is explained. When the blood of these was poured out at the altar, and the fat burnt there, the breast and right shoulder were the priest's portion; but the rest of the carcass belonged to the sacrificer, who might carry it home, and make a feast to his friends. See Leviticus 3:1-11. Much light is cast on this place by the fact that…
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 7 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14. with me] Lit. upon me, as A.V. marg., which may either and more probably mean, I am, as it were, loaded with them, you have come just when I wanted you, because there is abundance of good cheer in my house; or, they were incumbent upon me, due from me (R.V. marg.). The flesh of “peace-offerings for thanksgiving” was to be eaten on the day on which it was offered; but if it were “a vow, or a freewill offering,” what remained might be eaten on the morrow (Leviticus 7:15-16). She would represent him therefore as having happily lighted on her feast-day, when she was looking out and longing for his company. It is most unnatural to suppose that a foreign woman would thus accommodate herself…
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 7 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThis pretence of a religious feast gives us an insight into some strange features of popular religion under the monarchy of Judah.
Read Albert Barnes on Proverbs 7 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
“I have made my peace offerings; today I have paid my vows.
“Sacrifices of peace offerings are with me. Today I have paid my vows.
“I have made my peace offerings; today I have paid my vows.
“I have fresh meat at home; today I have fulfilled my vows!
Tyndale line
I have peace offerings with me; this day have I payed my vows.
Sacrifices of peace-offerings are with me; This day have I paid my vows.
Sacrifices of peace offerings are with me; this day have I paid my vows.
I have peace-offerings with me; this day have I paid my vows.
I haue peace offerings: this day haue I payed my vowes.
Strictly literal
I have peace-offerings with me; this day have I paid my vows:
'Sacrifices of peace-offerings [are] by me, To-day I have completed my vows.
“Sacrifices of peace-offerings [are] by me, || Today I have completed my vows.
“I had bound myself to bring peace-offerings; this day have I paid my vows:
“I made my peace offering today, I paid my vows,
From the Latin
I vowed victims for prosperity, this day I have paid my vows.
Simplified
“I sacrificed my peace offering today, and paid my vows.
I have a feast of peace-offerings, for today my oaths have been effected.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in their wording for Proverbs 7:14, with all six words matched. This indicates a strong consistency in the transmission of this verse across these texts.
זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֣ים עָלָ֑י הַ֝יּ֗וֹם שִׁלַּ֥מְתִּי נְדָרָֽי׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 7:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
זֶ֫בַח (zebach) means 'sacrifice' and is derived from a root meaning 'to slaughter.' It encompasses various types of sacrifices, including those for feasts, covenant sacrifices, and thank offerings. The term appears in contexts related to both the God of Israel and other deities, indicating its broad use in ritual practices.
זֶ֫בַח 162 n.m. sacrifice
general name for all sacrifices eaten at feasts
of the God of Israel
of other deities
there are several kinds which are gradually distinguished
the covenant sacrifice, between Jacob and Laban
the passover
annual sacrifice
thank offering
in ritual of H & P
the slaughter of hostile nations
the verb used
base
H2077 זֶ֫בַח sacrifice
2077 zebach zeh'-bakh
from 2076; properly, a slaughter, i.e. the flesh of an
animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the
act):--offer(- ing), sacrifice.
see HEBREW for 02076
זֶ֫בַח (ze.vach) — sacrifice.
1) sacrifice
1a) sacrifices of righteousness
1b) sacrifices of strife
1c) sacrifices to dead things
1d) the covenant sacrifice
1e) the passover
1f) annual sacrifice
1g) thank offering
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שֶׁ֫לֶם (shelem) refers to a type of voluntary sacrifice, specifically a peace offering made in thanks or to establish friendship or alliance. It is derived from the root meaning requital. The entries consistently emphasize its role as a sacrifice of thanks.
שֶׁ֫לֶם 87 n.[m.] sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering’
base
H8002 שֶׁ֫לֶם sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering’
8002 shelem sheh'-lem
from 7999; properly, requital, i.e. a (voluntary) sacrifice
in thanks:--peace offering.
see HEBREW for 07999
שֶׁ֫לֶם (she.lem) — peace offering.
1) peace offering, requital, sacrifice for alliance or friendship
1a) voluntary sacrifice of thanks
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a division of time, contrasting with night. It can denote a literal 24-hour period, a general time span, or even a year. The term is used in various contexts, including the 'day of Yahweh,' which signifies a time of divine judgment. It also appears in phrases indicating temporal references like today, yesterday, and tomorrow.
יוֹם 2285 n.m. day
day, opp. night
Day as division of time
יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
Pl. days of anyone
Days
יוֹם = time
Phrases
base
H3117 יוֹם day . day, opp. night
. Day as division of time
. יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
. Pl. days of anyone
. Days
. יוֹם = time
. Phrases
3117 yowm yome
from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm
hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one
sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by
an associated term), (often used adverb):--age, + always, +
chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to)
day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, +
(for) ever(-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as
(... live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually,
presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space,
then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble,
weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole
(+ age), (full) year(-ly), + younger.
יוֹם (yom) — day.
: day/when/time/period
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: old.
: old/(full/many)[days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: year.
: year[of_days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
da (yom; hemera): This common word has caused some trouble to plain readers, because they have not noticed that the word is used in several different senses in the English Bible. When the different uses of the word are understood the difficulty of interpretation vanishes. We note several different uses of the word:
(1) It sometimes means the time from daylight till dark. This popular meaning is easily discovered by the context, e. g. Ge 1:5; 8:22, etc. The marked periods of this daytime were morning, noon and night, as with us. See Ps 55:17. The early hours were sometimes called "the cool of the day" (Ge 3:8). After the exile the day. or daytime was divided into twelve hours and the night into twelve (see
Day
The Jews reckoned the day from sunset to sunset (Lev. 23:32). It was originally divided into three parts (Ps. 55:17). “The heat of the day” (1 Sam. 11:11; Neh. 7:3) was at our nine o’clock, and “the cool of the day” just before sunset (Gen. 3:8). Before the Captivity the Jews divided the night into three watches, (1) from sunset to midnight (Lam. 2:19); (2) from midnight till the cock-crowing (Judg. 7:19); and (3) from the cock-crowing till sunrise (Ex.…
The variable length of the natural day at different seasons led in the very earliest times to the adoption of the civil day (or one revolution of the sun) as a standard of time. The Hebrews reckoned the day from evening to evening, (Leviticus 23:32) deriving it from (Genesis 1:5) "the evening and the morning were the first day." The Jews are supposed, like the modern Arabs, to have adopted from an early period minute specifications of the parts of the natural day. Roughly, indeed, they were content to divide it into "morning, evening and noonday," (Psalms 55:17) but when they wished for greater accuracy they pointed to six unequal parts, each of which was again subdivided. These are held to have been -- "the dawn." "Sunrise."…
The day is distinguished into natural, civil, and artificial. The natural day is one revolution of the earth on its axis. The civil day is that, the beginning and the end of which are determined by the custom of any nation. The Hebrews began their day in the evening, Le 23:32; the Babylonians at sunrise; and we begin at midnight. The artificial day is the time of the sun’s continuance above the horizon, which is unequal according to different seasons, on account of the obliquity of the equator. The sacred writers generally divide the day into twelve hours. The sixth hour always ends at noon throughout the year; and the twelfth hour is the last hour before sunset. But in summer, all the hours of the day were longer than in winter, while those of night were shorter. See HOURS, and THREE.
שָׁלֵם (shalam) is a Hebrew root meaning to be complete or sound, covering a range of meanings from finishing or restoring to making peace. It can refer to being uninjured, completing a task, or making recompense. The verb also has a denominative form indicating a covenant of peace, suggesting relationships of harmony and safety.
[שָׁלֵם] 103 vb. be complete, sound
Qal
be complete, finished, ended
be sound, uninjured
Pi.
complete, finish, temple
make safe
make whole or good, restore
make good, i.e. pay, vows
requite, recompense, reward
Pu.
be performed, of vow
be repaid, requited
Hiph.
complete, perform
make an end of
base
[שָׁלַם] vb. denom. be in covenant of peace
Qal be at peace
Pu. Pt. one in covt. of peace
Hiph.
make peace with
cause to be at peace
Hoph. live at peace with
base
H7999a שָׁלֵם be complete, sound .. be complete, finished, ended
. be sound, uninjured
. . complete, finish, temple
. make safe
. make whole or good, restore
. make good, i.e. pay, vows
. requite, recompense, reward
. . be performed, of vow
. be repaid, requited
. . complete, perform
. make an end of
H7999b [שָׁלַם] vb. denom. be in covenant of peace .be at peace
. Pt. one in covt. of peace
. . make peace with
. cause to be at peace
. live at peace with
7999 shalam shaw-lam'
a primitive root; to be safe (in mind, body or estate);
figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by
implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate (in
various applications):--make amends, (make an) end, finish,
full, give again, make good, (re-)pay (again), (make) (to) (be
at) peace(-able), that is perfect, perform, (make)
prosper(-ous), recompense, render, requite, make restitution,
restore, reward, X surely.
שָׁלֵם (sa.lem) — to complete.
1) to be complete, be sound
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be complete, be finished, be ended
1a2) to be sound, be uninjured
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to complete, finish
1b2) to make safe
1b3) to make whole or good, restore, make compensation
1b4) to make good, pay
1b5) to requite, recompense, reward
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to be performed
1c2) to be repaid, be requited
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to complete, perform
1d2) to make an end of
Aramaic equivalent: she.lam (שְׁלֵם "be complete" H8000)
שָׁלַם (sha.lam) — to ally.
1) to be in a covenant of peace, be at peace
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be at peace
1a2) peaceful one (participle)
1b) (Pual) one in covenant of peace (participle)
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to make peace with
1c2) to cause to be at peace
1d) (Hophal) to live in peace
V-Piel-Perf-1cs — Verb · Piel · perfect first person common singularHVpp1cs
נֶ֫דֶר (neder) means 'vow' and refers to a promise made to God. It can also denote a specific thing that has been promised. The word is derived from a root associated with making a promise, and it appears in contexts involving commitments or votive offerings.
נֶ֫דֶר, נֵ֫דֶר n.m. vow
base
H5088 נֶ֫דֶר, נֵ֫דֶר vow
5088 neder neh'-der
or neder {nay'-der}; from 5087; a promise (to God); also
(concretely) a thing promised:--vow((-ed)).
see HEBREW for 05087
נֶ֫דֶר (ne.der) — vow.
vow, votive offering
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp1bs