Proverbs 7:2 — Word Study
WLCשְׁמֹ֣ר מִצְוֹתַ֣י וֶחְיֵ֑ה וְ֝תוֹרָתִ֗י כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֶֽיךָ׃
BSAKeepshâmar [obey, protect, attend to] my commandmentsmitsvâh [rules, laws, guidelines] and livechâyâh [have life, revive, be quickened] guard my teachingstôwrâh [watch over, protect, instruction, law] as the appleʼîyshôwn [pupil of the] of your eyeʻayin [the center of your vision, your most precious possession]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שְׁמֹ֣ר | keep | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine singular |
| מִצְוֹתַ֣י | commandments my | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| וֶחְיֵ֑ה | and live | Conjunction, verb qal imperative second person masculine singular |
| וְ֝תוֹרָתִ֗י | and instruction my | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן | like [the] pupil of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| עֵינֶֽיךָ׃ | eyes your | Noun common feminine dual construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Keep my commandments and live; guard my teachings as the apple of your eye. |
| KJV | Keep my commandments, and live; and my law as the apple of thine eye. |
| ASV | Keep my commandments and live; And my law as the apple of thine eye. |
| YLT | Keep my commands, and live, And my law as the pupil of thine eye. |
| WEB | Keep my commandments and live! Guard my teaching as the apple of your eye. |
| BBE | Keep my rules and you will have life; let my teaching be to you as the light of your eyes; |
The translations agree on the imperative nature of keeping and guarding God's commandments.
The sentence is structured around a main command, with supporting phrases elaborating on the actions required.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁמַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 7:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Importance of Obediencegenerated
Proverbs 7:2 emphasizes the necessity of keeping God's commandments and guarding His teachings, likening them to the most precious part of one's being — the pupil of the eye. This instruction is part of a larger discourse on wisdom and moral living, where the father encourages his son to treasure divine guidance, similar to the exhortations found in Proverbs 4:13 and Leviticus 18:5.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 4:13 | Hold on to instruction; do not let go. Guard it, for it is your life. |
| 2 | Leviticus 18:5 | Keep My statutes and My judgments, for the man who does these things will live by them. I am the LORD. |
| 3 | Isaiah 55:3 | Incline your ear and come to Me; listen, so that your soul may live. I will make with you an everlasting covenant— My loving devotion promised to David. |
| 4 | John 12:49–50 | I have not spoken on My own, but the Father who sent Me has commanded Me what to say and how to say it. |
| 5 | John 14:21 | Whoever has My commandments and keeps them is the one who loves Me. The one who loves Me will be loved by My Father, and I will love him and reveal Myself to him.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שְׁמֹ֣ר, she.Morgenerated
The verb שָׁמַר (*shamar*) means to keep, guard, or observe, and is used here in the imperative form, urging the listener to actively protect and obey the commandments. This word encompasses a range of actions from physical guarding to moral vigilance, reflecting the importance of adhering to God's laws.
In this verse, the emphasis is on the necessity of keeping the commandments to ensure life. The command is not merely about following rules but involves a deep commitment to protecting and valuing the teachings as one would cherish their own life.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the essence of the verse, emphasizing the need to keep and guard God's commandments and teachings.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of a main clause with two imperative verbs: שְׁמֹ֣ר and וֶחְיֵ֑ה, commanding to keep the commandments and to live. The structure emphasizes the actions required — keeping and guarding — as essential to achieving life.
The syntax highlights the relationship between the commands and the outcomes, with the phrase כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן serving to illustrate the value placed on the teachings, akin to the pupil of the eye, which is central to vision and protection.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שְׁמֹ֣ר as φύλαχον, which carries a similar meaning of guarding or keeping. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of the necessity to protect divine commandments.
The use of ἐμὰς for מִצְוֹתַ֣י indicates a direct reference to the commandments, maintaining the focus on their importance within the text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 7:2 instructs to keep God's commandments and guard His teachings as one would cherish their own eyes. This verse highlights the importance of valuing divine instruction and living according to it for a fulfilling life.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To keep God's commandments means to obey and protect His laws and teachings, treating them with the utmost importance.
God's teachings are compared to the apple of the eye to illustrate their preciousness and centrality in one's life.
You can guard God's teachings by studying them, applying them in your life, and sharing them with others.
Living according to God's commandments means to align your actions and decisions with His laws, leading to a fulfilling and purposeful life.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I actively keep and guard God's commandments in my daily life?
- How do I view the teachings of God in relation to my most precious possessions?
- What steps can I take to ensure that I treasure God's instructions as central to my life?
- How can I help others understand the importance of living according to God's commandments?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The verse is referenced by Bede in his commentary, emphasizing the diligence required in keeping God's law.
And my law as the apple of your eye. Keep what I teach as diligently as if nothing right could be seen without it.Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 7 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 7:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleKeep my commandments and live,.... Not the commandments of the law only, but the commandments of Christ; and even the doctrines of Christ are so called, as faith in him, and love to the saints, 1
Read John Gill on Proverbs 7 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryKeep my commandments, and live; and my law as the apple of thine eye. Keep my commandments, and live - and so thou shalt live (Proverbs 4:4).
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 7 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAnd live, i.e. thou shalt live. A promise in the form of a command, as . As the apple of thine eye; with all possible care and diligence, as men guard that part from all dangers, yea, even from the least mote. The eye is a most noble and necessary, and therefore highly esteemed and beloved, part of the body, and the apple thereof is the most honourable, and beautiful, and useful part of that part, and it is a most tender part, easily hurt, or destroyed, and therefore needs to be diligently watched.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 7 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 7:2 Keep my commandments, and live; and my law as the apple of thine eye.Ver. 2. Keep my commandments, and live.] "Live," i.e., live happily. I am the Lord that teacheth thee to profit, therefore keep my commandments; as if God should say, It is for thy profit that I command thee, and not for mine own. "In doing thereof there is great reward," saith David, and present reward, saith Solomon here, Do it and live. In the court of earthly princes there is αναβοληκαιμεταβολη delays and changes. Men are off and on in their promises; they are also slow and slack in their performances. But it is otherwise here: the very "entrance of thy word giveth light," and the very onset of obedience…
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 7 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 2. As the apple of thine eye.] As the pupil of the eye, which is of such essential necessity to sight, and so easily injured.
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 7 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges2. the apple] i.e. the pupil: “an emblem of that which is tenderest and dearest, and therefore guarded with the most jealous care,” Psalms 17:8, note in this Series. Comp. Deuteronomy 32:10; Zechariah 2:8.
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 7 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible2. Apple of thine eye — ΰιωׁ ?εοςιπικְ, (ishon enecha,) the little man of the eye, referring to the reflected image in the eye.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 7 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Keep my commandments and live; guard my teachings as the apple of your eye.
Keep my commandments and live! Guard my teaching as the apple of your eye.
Keep my commandments and live; guard my teachings as the apple of your eye.
Keep my commands so that you may live, and obey my instruction as your most prized possession.
Tyndale line
Keep my commandments, and live; and my law as the apple of thine eye.
Keep my commandments and live; And my law as the apple of thine eye.
Keep my commandments and live; and my law as the apple of thine eye.
Keep my commandments, and live; and my law as the apple of thy eye.
Keepe my commandements, and thou shalt liue, and mine instruction as the apple of thine eyes.
Strictly literal
Keep my commandments, and live; and my teaching, as the apple of thine eye.
Keep my commands, and live, And my law as the pupil of thine eye.
Keep my commands, and live, || And my law as the pupil of your eye.
Observe my commandments, and live: and my teaching as the apple of thy eyes.
Keep my commands and live and keep my instruction as the apple of your eye.
From the Latin
Keep my commandments, and thou shalt live: and my law as the apple of thy eye:
Simplified
Do what I tell you and you will live. Observe my teachings, valuing them as your main focus in life.
Keep my rules and you will have life; let my teaching be to you as the light of your eyes;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads שְׁמֹ֣ר מִצְוֹתַ֣י וֶחְיֵ֑ה וְ֝תוֹרָתִ֗י כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֶֽיךָ׃, while the Septuagint matches all words, showing agreement in the core message of the verse.
שְׁמֹ֣ר מִצְוֹתַ֣י וֶחְיֵ֑ה וְ֝תוֹרָתִ֗י כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֶֽיךָ׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 7:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שָׁמַר (*shamar*) is a primitive root meaning to keep, guard, or observe. It encompasses a wide range of actions including protecting, waiting for, and celebrating obligations like the Sabbath. The verb appears in various forms, indicating nuances such as being on guard or refraining from certain actions. It is used extensively in the Old Testament, reflecting both physical and moral vigilance.
שָׁמַר 465 vb. keep, watch, preserve
Qal 425
keep, have charge of
keep, guard, captives
hence, watch for, wait for
watch, observe
keep, retain, of storing up (food)
keep within bounds, restrain
observe, celebrate
keep sabbath
of other obligations
observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom)
sts. י׳ subj.
keep, reserve, weeks of harvest
Niph.
36be on one's guard
keep oneself, refrain, abstain
be kept, guarded
Pi. those paying regard to false vanities
Hithp. I kept myself from
base
H8104 שָׁמַר keep, watch, preserve .. . keep, have charge of
. keep, guard, captives
. hence, watch for, wait for
. watch, observe
. . keep, retain, of storing up (food)
. keep within bounds, restrain
. . observe, celebrate
. keep sabbath
. of other obligations
. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom)
. sts. י׳ subj.
. keep, reserve, weeks of harvest
. . be on one's guard
. keep oneself, refrain, abstain
. be kept, guarded
. those paying regard to false vanities
. I kept myself from
8104 shamar shaw-mar'
a primitive root; properly, to hedge about (as with thorns),
i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.:--beward,
be circumspect, take heed (to self), keep(-er, self), mark,
look narrowly, observe, preserve, regard, reserve, save
(self), sure, (that lay) wait (for), watch(-man).
שָׁמַר (sha.mar) — to keep: obey.
: obey/observe
1) to keep, guard, observe, give heed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to keep, have charge of
1a2) to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life
1a2a) watch, watchman (participle)
1a3) to watch for, wait for
1a4) to watch, observe
1a5) to keep, retain, treasure up (in memory)
1a6) to keep (within bounds), restrain
1a7) to observe, celebrate, keep (sabbath or covenant or commands), perform (vow)
1a8) to keep, preserve, protect
1a9) to keep, reserve
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be on one's guard, take heed, take care, beware
1b2) to keep oneself, refrain, abstain
1b3) to be kept, be guarded
1c) (Piel) to keep, pay heed
1d) (Hithpael) to keep oneself from
שָׁמַר (sha.mar) — to keep: guard.
: guard
1) to keep, guard, observe, give heed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to keep, have charge of
1a2) to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life
1a2a) watch, watchman (participle)
V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singularHVqv2ms
מִצְוָה (mitsvah) means 'commandment' and can refer to commands from both humans and God. It encompasses laws, ordinances, and precepts, indicating a range of directives within religious and moral contexts. The term is derived from a root meaning to command, linking it to the broader framework of divine law.
מִצְוָה 181 n.f. commandment
base
H4687 מִצְוָה commandment
4687 mitsvah mits-vaw'
from 6680; a command, whether human or divine (collectively,
the Law):--(which was) commanded(-ment), law, ordinance,
precept.
see HEBREW for 06680
מִצְוָה (mits.vah) — commandment.
1) commandment
1a) commandment (of man)
1b) the commandment (of God)
1c) commandment (of code of wisdom)
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp1bs
חָיָה (chayah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to live or have life, encompassing both literal and figurative senses. It includes various nuances such as reviving, preserving life, and restoring health. The entries detail its use in different stems, with Qal focusing on living and being quickened, while Piel and Hiphil emphasize giving life and reviving. No specific verse references are provided.
חָיָה 283 vb. live
Qal 203
live
be quickened, revive
Pi.
preserve alive, let live
give life
quicken, revive, refresh
Hiph.
preserve alive, let live
quicken, revive
base
H2421 חָיָה live .. live
. be quickened, revive
. . preserve alive, let live
. give life
. quicken, revive, refresh
. . preserve alive, let live
. quicken, revive
2421 chayah khaw-yaw'
a primitive root (compare 2331, 2421); to live, whether
literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive:--keep
(leave, make) alive, X certainly, give (promise) life, (let,
suffer to) live, nourish up, preserve (alive), quicken,
recover, repair, restore (to life), revive, (X God) save
(alive, life, lives), X surely, be whole.
see HEBREW for 02331
see HEBREW for 02421
חָיָה (cha.yah) — to live.
1) to live, have life, remain alive, sustain life, live prosperously, live for ever, be quickened, be alive, be restored to life or health
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to live
1a1a) to have life
1a1b) to continue in life, remain alive
1a1c) to sustain life, to live on or upon
1a1d) to live (prosperously)
1a2) to revive, be quickened
1a2a) from sickness
1a2b) from discouragement
1a2c) from faintness
1a2d) from death
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to preserve alive, let live
1b2) to give life
1b3) to quicken, revive, refresh
1b3a) to restore to life
1b3b) to cause to grow
1b3c) to restore
1b3d) to revive
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to preserve alive, let live
1c2) to quicken, revive
1c2a) to restore (to health)
1c2b) to revive
1c2c) to restore to life
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singularHC/Vqv2ms
תּוֹרָה (towrah) encompasses concepts of direction, instruction, and law, particularly relating to divine or human guidance. It refers to legal directives, customs, and teachings, including the Decalogue and the Pentateuch. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, such as prophetic and priestly instruction, but do not present significant disagreement among lexicons.
תּוֹרָה n.f. direction, instruction, law
instruction
law (prop. direction)
custom, manner
base
H8451 תּוֹרָה direction, instruction, law . instruction
. law (prop. direction)
. custom, manner
8451 towrah to-raw'
or torah {to-raw'}; from 3384; a precept or statute,
especially the Decalogue or Pentateuch:--law.
see HEBREW for 03384
תּוֹרָה (to.rah) — instruction.
1) law, direction, instruction
1a) instruction, direction (human or divine)
1a1) body of prophetic teaching
1a2) instruction in Messianic age
1a3) body of priestly direction or instruction
1a4) body of legal directives
1b) law
1b1) law of the burnt offering
1b2) of special law, codes of law
1c) custom, manner
1d) the Deuteronomic or Mosaic Law
Conj | N-fs | Suff — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncfsc/Sp1bs
אִישׁוֹן (iyshown) means 'pupil of the eye' and can also refer to the 'middle of the night,' indicating deep darkness. It is a diminutive form derived from אִישׁ (iysh), meaning 'man.' The entries consistently emphasize its connection to both vision and darkness.
אִישׁוֹן n.[m.] pupil of eye
base
H380 אִישׁוֹן pupil of eye
380 'iyshown ee-shone'
diminutive from 376; the little man of the eye; the pupil or
ball; hence, the middle (of night):--apple (of the eye),
black, obscure.
see HEBREW for 0376
אִישׁוֹן (i.shon) — pupil.
1) pupil of the eye
2) middle of the night (that is the deepest blackness)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word עַ֫יִן (*'ayin*) means 'eye' and can refer to both the physical organ and its figurative uses, such as mental qualities and desires. It also denotes a 'spring' or 'fountain' of water. The entries highlight various phrases and contexts, including appearances and expressions of emotion, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עַ֫יִן 859 n.f. eye
lit. as physical organ
eyes as showing mental qualities
desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
Transferred mngs.:
visible surface of earth
appearance
gleam, sparkle
Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
base
עַ֫יִן n.f. spring (of water). Particular springs are:
ע׳ חֲרֹר Ju 7:1
ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Ju 15:19
ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus.
ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragon-spring)
base
H5869a עַ֫יִן eye . lit. as physical organ
. . eyes as showing mental qualities
. desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
. Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
. Transferred mngs.: . visible surface of earth
. appearance
. gleam, sparkle
. Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
H5869b עַ֫יִן spring (of water)
5869 `ayin ah'-yin
probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or
figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the
landscape):--affliction, outward appearance, + before, +
think best, colour, conceit, + be content, countenance, +
displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, + favour,
fountain, furrow (from the margin), X him, + humble,
knowledge, look, (+ well), X me, open(-ly), + (not) please,
presence, + regard, resemblance, sight, X thee, X them, +
think, X us, well, X you(-rselves).
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.
: eye
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain (Gate).
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain of.
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: seeing.
: seeing
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: appearance.
: appearance
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: before(the eyes).
: before(the_eyes)
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: sin.
: sin
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
N-cd | Suff — Noun common feminine dual construct · suffixHNcfdc/Sp2ms