Psalms 143:4 — Word Study
WLCוַתִּתְעַטֵּ֣ף עָלַ֣י רוּחִ֑י בְּ֝תוֹכִ֗י יִשְׁתּוֹמֵ֥ם לִבִּֽי׃
BSAMy spiritrûwach [breath of life, inner being] grows faintʻâṭaph▸ [is overwhelmed, becomes feeble] within meʻal my heartlêb [inner self, emotions, and will] is dismayedshâmêm▸ [desolate, full of fear] inside metâvek
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַתִּתְעַטֵּ֣ף | and it has fainted away | Verb, Hithpael, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| עָלַ֣י | on me | Preposition, suffix |
| רוּחִ֑י | spirit my | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| בְּ֝תוֹכִ֗י | in [the] midst of me | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| יִשְׁתּוֹמֵ֥ם | it is appalled | Verb, Hithpael, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| לִבִּֽי׃ | heart my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | My spirit grows faint within me; my heart is dismayed inside me. |
| KJV | Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate. |
| ASV | Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; My heart within me is desolate. |
| YLT | And my spirit in me is become feeble, Within me is my heart become desolate. |
| WEB | Therefore my spirit is overwhelmed within me. My heart within me is desolate. |
| BBE | Because of this my spirit is overcome; and my heart is full of fear. |
There are no significant differences in the translations of this verse.
The verse consists of one main clause with two subordinate phrases that elaborate on the psalmist's emotional state.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbעָטַף
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 143:4
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament in Distressgenerated
Psalm 143:4 captures the psalmist's emotional state as they confront overwhelming feelings of despair. The verses surrounding this one describe the psalmist's plight, including being pursued by enemies and dwelling in darkness, highlighting the depth of their turmoil and the need for divine intervention.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 55:5 | Fear and trembling grip me, and horror has overwhelmed me. |
| 2 | Psalm 61:2 | From the ends of the earth I call out to You whenever my heart is faint. Lead me to the rock that is higher than I. |
| 3 | Psalm 77:3 | I remembered You, O God, and I groaned; I mused and my spirit grew faint. Selah |
| 4 | Psalm 102:1 | Hear my prayer, O LORD; let my cry for help come before You. |
| 5 | Psalm 124:4 | then the floods would have engulfed us, then the torrent would have overwhelmed us, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — וַתִּתְעַטֵּף, va.tit.'a.Tefgenerated
The Hebrew word עָטַף (*ataph*) is a verb in the Hithpael form, indicating an action done to oneself, suggesting a sense of being enveloped or overwhelmed. It conveys a feeling of weakness or faintness, often in the context of emotional distress, as seen in other passages like Psalm 61:2.
This word's use here emphasizes the psalmist's inner struggle and vulnerability, portraying a state where the spirit feels faint and unable to cope with the surrounding circumstances.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the meaning of וַתִּתְעַטֵּף, with the BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE all conveying the sense of the spirit being overwhelmed or fainting.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse centers around two main verbs: וַתִּתְעַטֵּף and יִשְׁתּוֹמֵ֥ם. The first verb describes the psalmist's spirit fainting, while the second verb expresses the heart's dismay. This duality highlights the interconnectedness of the psalmist's emotional and spiritual state.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the subject's feelings, with the verbs leading the expressions of despair, creating a poignant lament.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew וַתִּתְעַטֵּף is rendered as ἠκηδίασεν, which conveys a sense of being troubled or distressed. This choice reflects a narrowing of the focus from the physical act of fainting to a more general emotional state of distress.
The translation choice indicates an interpretation that emphasizes the emotional impact of the psalmist's experience rather than a literal fainting.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 143:4 expresses the psalmist's deep feelings of despair, stating that their spirit is overwhelmed and their heart is dismayed. This verse highlights the emotional struggle faced by the psalmist, who feels crushed by their circumstances.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates a feeling of being overwhelmed and unable to cope with distressing situations.
It reflects the psalmist's plea for help and acknowledgment of their emotional and spiritual struggles.
It teaches that it is okay to express feelings of weakness and seek help in times of trouble.
The heart symbolizes the inner self and emotions, indicating a deep sense of fear and desolation.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I feel overwhelmed, similar to the psalmist's experience?
- How can I express my feelings of despair and seek support from others?
- What practices can I adopt to find peace when my spirit feels faint?
- How does understanding the psalmist's emotions help me in my own struggles?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, reflecting on the psalmist's struggle and the nature of despair.
Let that foe of yours upbraid you, but do you not upbraid him. Regard his words as a training ground in which to exercise philosophy.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 143 →
"And My Spirit within me," says He, "suffered weariness" [Psalms 143:4].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 143 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 143:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleTherefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me,.... Covered over with grief, borne down with sorrow, ready to sink and fail; [See comments on Psalms 142:3]; my heart within me is desolate; destitute of
Read John Gill on Psalms 143 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryTherefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 143 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMy spirit overwhelmed within me. See Poole "" See Poole "". Is desolate; deprived of all hope and comfort. Or, is astonished.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 143 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 143:4 Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate.Ver. 4. Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed] God’ s dearest children have their passions; against that stoic apathy. A sheep bitten by a dog is no less sensible of the pain thereof than a swine is; though he make not such an outcry.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 143 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(4) See Psalms 142:3, and Notes. Is desolate.—Or, more literally, as in Isaiah 59:16; Isaiah 63:5, &c, wondered; literally, fills itself with astonishment.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 143 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 4. Therefore is my spirit] I am deeply depressed in spirit, and greatly afflicted in body. My heart within me is desolate.] It has no companion of its sorrows, no sympathetic friend. I am utterly destitute of comfort.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 143 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges4. And my spirit has fainted upon me; My heart within me is appalled. my spirit &c.] Cp. Psalms 142:3, note. is desolate] Rather, is appalled, stupefied and paralysed at the apparent hopelessness of my position. Cp. Daniel 8:27. “The root-idea of the word seems to have been to be motionless,—sometimes in the stillness of desolation, sometimes through amazement” (Driver on Daniel 4:19).
Read Cambridge on Psalms 143 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleTherefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me - See the notes at Psalms 77:3. Compare Psalms 42:5-7. His spirit was broken and crushed. He was in a state of despair as to any human help.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 143 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
My spirit grows faint within me; my heart is dismayed inside me.
Therefore my spirit is overwhelmed within me. My heart within me is desolate.
My spirit grows faint within me; my heart is dismayed inside me.
My strength leaves me; I am absolutely shocked.
Tyndale line
Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate.
Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; My heart within me is desolate.
Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate.
Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate.
And my spirit was in perplexitie in me, and mine heart within me was amased.
Strictly literal
And my spirit is overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate.
And my spirit in me is become feeble, Within me is my heart become desolate.
And my spirit has become feeble in me, || My heart has become desolate within me.
And my spirit within me is overwhelmed: in my bosom is my heart astounded.
My spirit is overwhelmed within me; my heart despairs.
From the Latin
Man is like to vanity: his days pass away like a shadow.
Simplified
I sense myself fading away inside; I am overwhelmed by a sense of desolation.
Because of this my spirit is overcome; and my heart is full of fear.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls, which all agree on the wording and meaning of the verse. The scrolls show minor variations in restoration but do not alter the essential message of the psalmist's despair.
וַתִּתְעַטֵּ֣ף עָלַ֣י רוּחִ֑י בְּ֝תוֹכִ֗י יִשְׁתּוֹמֵ֥ם לִבִּֽי׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ותתעטף על׳י רוח׳י בתוכ׳י וישתומם לבב׳י
6 words on the leather.
[ותתעטף] על׳י רוח׳י בתוכ׳י [ישתומם] [לב׳י]
1 word on the leather — 2 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 143:4
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עָטַף (*ataph*) is a primitive root meaning to shroud or clothe, with a range of meanings including to turn aside, envelop oneself, and to be feeble or faint. It appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niph, Hiph, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances of turning aside or showing weakness. The word is notably referenced in Job 23:9.
[עָטַף] vb. be feeble, faint
Qal lit. be feeble
Niph. when infants faint
Hiph. when the flock shewed feebleness
Hithp. faint, faint away
base
H5848a עָטַף turn aside H5848b עָטַף envelop oneself (Aramaism) H5848c עָטַף be feeble, faint
5848 `ataph aw-taf'
a primitive root; to shroud, i.e. clothe (whether transitive
or reflex.); hence (from the idea of darkness) to languish:--
cover (over), fail, faint, feebler, hide self, be overwhelmed,
swoon.
עָטַף (a.taph) — to turn aside.
1) to turn aside
1a) (Qal) to turn aside, turn (in order to cover)
עָטַף (a.taph) — to envelope.
1) to envelop oneself
1a) (Qal) to envelop oneself, cover
עָטַף (a.taph) — to enfeeble.
1) to be feeble, be faint, grow weak
1a) (Qal) to be feeble, be faint
1b) (Niphal) to faint
1c) (Hiphil) to show feebleness
1d) (Hithpael) to faint, faint away
Conj | V-Hithpael-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Hithpael · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/Vtw3fs
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
רוּחַ (ruach) means breath, wind, or spirit. It encompasses various meanings, including the breath of life, emotional disposition, and the spirit of God. The term can refer to both physical phenomena, like wind, and abstract concepts, such as moral character or mental acts. Notably, it is used frequently in the context of divine inspiration and the Holy Spirit.
רוּחַ 378 n.f. (less oft. m.) breath, wind, spirit
breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)
wind (117 t.)
spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)
spirit of the living, breathing being
spirit as seat of emotion
occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts
rarely of the will
רוּחַ esp. of moral character
spirit of God (94 t.)
base
H7307 רוּחַ breath, wind, spirit . breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)
. wind (117 t.)
. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)
. spirit of the living, breathing being
. spirit as seat of emotion
. occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts
. rarely of the will
. רוּחַ esp. of moral character
. spirit of God (94 t.)
7307 ruwach roo'-akh
from 7306; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or
even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger,
unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by
resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including
its expression and functions):--air, anger, blast, breath, X
cool, courage, mind, X quarter, X side, spirit((-ual)),
tempest, X vain, ((whirl-))wind(-y).
see HEBREW for 07306
רוּחַ (ru.ach) — spirit.
: spirit
1) wind, breath, mind, spirit
1a) breath
1b) wind
1b1) of heaven
1b2) quarter (of wind), side
1b3) breath of air
1b4) air, gas
1b5) vain, empty thing
1c) spirit (as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation)
1c1) spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour
1c2) courage
1c3) temper, anger
1c4) impatience, patience
1c5) spirit, disposition (as troubled, bitter, discontented)
1c6) disposition (of various kinds), unaccountable or uncontrollable impulse
1c7) prophetic spirit
1d) spirit (of the living, breathing being in man and animals)
1d1) as gift, preserved by God, God's spirit, departing at death, disembodied being
1e) spirit (as seat of emotion)
1e1) desire
1e2) sorrow, trouble
1f) spirit
1f1) as seat or organ of mental acts
1f2) rarely of the will
1f3) as seat especially of moral character
N-cs | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffixHNcbsc/Sp1fs
תָּ֫וֶךְ (tavek) means 'midst' or 'middle,' indicating a central position or location. It can also imply being 'among' or 'between' things, particularly in contexts involving separation or division. The term appears in various forms, such as 'into' or 'through,' especially after verbs of motion.
תָּ֫וֶךְ 416 subst. midst
base
H8432 תָּ֫וֶךְ subst. midst
8432 tavek taw'-vek
from an unused root meaning to sever; a bisection, i.e. (by
implication) the centre:--among(-st), X between, half, X
(there- ,where-), in(-to), middle, mid(-night), midst (among),
X out (of), X through, X with(-in).
תָּ֫וֶךְ (ta.vekh) — midst.
1) midst, middle
1a) midst, middle
1b) into, through (after verbs of motion)
1c) among (of a number of persons)
1d) between (of things arranged by twos)
1e) from among (as to take or separate etc)
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs
שָׁמֵם (shamem) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be desolated or appalled. It is built from a primitive root and encompasses a range of meanings including to stun, devastate, and cause horror. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances like being made desolate or causing desolation.
[שָׁמֵם] vb. be desolated, appalled
Qal
be desolated
be appalled, awestruck
Niph.
be desolated
be appalled
Pō‛.
I sat appalled
transit. appalling, causing horror
Hiph.
devastate, ravage
appal
inwardly trans., shewing horror
Hoph. all the days of (its) being desolate
Hithpō‛.
be appalled, astounded
cause oneself desolation, ruin
base
H8074 [שָׁמֵם] be desolated, appalled
8074 shamem shaw-mame'
a primitive root; to stun (or intransitively, grow numb),
i.e. devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a
passive sense):--make amazed, be astonied, (be an)
astonish(-ment), (be, bring into, unto, lay, lie, make)
desolate(-ion, places), be destitute, destroy (self), (lay,
lie, make) waste, wonder.
שָׁמֵם (sha.mem) — be desolate: destroyed.
: destroyed/deserted
1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled
1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be desolated, be made desolate
1b2) to be appalled
1c) (Polel)
1c1) to be stunned
1c2) appalling, causing horror (participle)
1c2a) horror-causer, appaller (subst)
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to devastate, ravage, make desolated
1d2) to appal, show horror
1e) (Hophal) to lay desolate, be desolated
1f) (Hithpolel)
1f1) to cause to be desolate
1f2) to be appalled, be astounded
1f3) to cause oneself desolation, cause oneself ruin
שָׁמֵם (sha.mem) — be desolate: appalled.
: appalled
1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled
1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck
1b) (Niphal)
V-r-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine singularHVti3ms
The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.
לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the sea
elsewhere of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific reference to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
[various]
for the man himself
as seat of appetites
as seat of emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea
. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific reference to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. [various]
. for the man himself
. as seat of appetites
. as seat of emotions and passions
. seat of courage
H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash
3820 leb labe
a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very
widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;
likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,
consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),
(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X
heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X
themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,
wisdom.
see HEBREW for 03824
לֵב (lev) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
לֵב (lev) — Leb.
§ Leb- = "heart of"
(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs