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Psalms 64:8 — Word Study

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WLCוַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּהוּ עָלֵ֣ימוֹ לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם יִ֝תְנֹדֲד֗וּ כָּל־ רֹ֥אֵה בָֽם׃

BSAto shootyârâh Godʼĕlôhîym arrowchêts suddenlypithʼôwm to behâyâh woundmakkâh

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 64
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 8 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Vam) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 64:8quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse declares that those who plot against others will ultimately fail, and their own words will betray them.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, reflecting on divine justice.
Where we areIn a psalm expressing confidence in God's protection and judgment.
The hard wordוַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּהוּ
Take awayTheir own words will turn against them, leading to their downfall.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbמַכָּה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 64:8

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Justice of Godgenerated

7But God will shoot them with arrows; suddenly they will be wounded.
8They will be made to stumble, their own tongues turned against them. All who see will shake their heads.
9Then all mankind will fear and proclaim the work of God; so they will ponder what He has done.
10Let the righteous rejoice in the LORD and take refuge in Him; let all the upright in heart exult.

Psalms 64:8 reflects the psalmist's assurance that God will intervene against those who conspire with malicious intent. The preceding verses describe the wicked plotting against the righteous, while this verse emphasizes the consequences of their actions, where their own words become a source of their downfall. The following verses continue to highlight the fear and reverence that will arise from God's actions.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 59:12By the sins of their mouths and the words of their lips, let them be trapped in their pride, in the curses and lies they utter.
2Psalm 140:9May the heads of those who surround me be covered in the trouble their lips have caused.
3Job 15:6Your own mouth, not mine, condemns you; your own lips testify against you.
4Proverbs 12:13An evil man is trapped by his rebellious speech, but a righteous man escapes from trouble.
5Proverbs 18:7A fool’s mouth is his ruin, and his lips are a snare to his soul.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 13 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word וַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּהוּ, vai.yakh.shi.Lu.hugenerated

The verb כָּשַׁל (kashal) means to stumble or fall, often due to weakness. In this context, it indicates that those who conspire will be caused to fail, emphasizing a divine intervention in their plans.

The construction here indicates that the subjects are not just stumbling physically but are also failing in their intentions. The hiphil form shows that they are made to stumble by external forces, likely God's judgment.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb is וַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּ, and they caused to stumble, which governs the rest of the sentence. The structure indicates that the subjects (the conspirators) are the ones causing the stumbling, while their own tongues are implicated in their downfall.

The sentence has a straightforward flow, with the main action followed by the consequences and observations of onlookers, emphasizing the chain reaction of their actions leading to public disgrace.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb כָּשַׁל is rendered as ὑψωθήσεται, which suggests a lifting up rather than stumbling. This choice may reflect an interpretative angle where the focus is on the elevation of God's justice rather than the downfall of the wicked.

This translation choice indicates a potential widening of meaning, where the emphasis is placed on the outcome of divine justice rather than the immediate failure of the wicked.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalms 64:8 shows that those who plot against others will ultimately fail, as their own words will be turned against them. The verse assures that all who witness these events will respond with disbelief and scorn, highlighting the consequences of wickedness.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that their own tongues will turn against them?

It means that the words they use to harm others will ultimately be used as evidence against them, leading to their downfall.

How does this verse relate to the theme of divine justice?

This verse illustrates that God will ensure justice is served, causing the wicked to face the consequences of their actions.

Why do those who see shake their heads?

Shaking heads is a sign of disbelief or contempt, indicating that onlookers recognize the folly of the wicked.

What can we learn from this verse about our words?

We should be mindful of our words, as they have the power to harm others and can ultimately reflect back on us.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I seen the consequences of my words affect others?
  2. How can I ensure that my speech aligns with truth and integrity?
  3. What steps can I take to avoid becoming like the wicked described in this verse?
  4. How does this verse encourage me to trust in God's justice?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early interpretations of this verse, such as those from Augustine of Hippo, highlight the consequences of malicious speech, emphasizing the moral lessons drawn from the psalm.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 64 354–430
"And the tongues of them have been made weak upon them" [Psalms 64:8]. Let them whet now their tongues like a sword, let them confirm to themselves malignant discourse.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 64 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 64:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

So shall they make their own tongue to fall upon themselves,.... The evil things they have wished for, threatened unto, and imprecated on others, shall come upon themselves; the curses they have

Read John Gill on Psalms 64 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

They search out iniquities; they accomplish a diligent search: both the inward thought of every one of them, and the heart, is deep. -When all the plot is ripe, then ensues sudden destruction of the wicked plotters.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 64 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The mischief of their hard speeches, and threats, and crafty counsels against me shall be turned against themselves. Shall flee away; partly through abhorrency of them, and partly through fear of being involved in their destruction.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 64 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 64:8 So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves: all that see them shall flee away.Ver. 8. So they shall make their own tongue, &c.] According to Proverbs 12:13 Psalms 59:12. And all that see them shall flee away] With horror and astonishment. Heb. They shall wander about in their flight; this is spoken of their favourites and abetters fearing to fall under the like punishment, and being agitated by the furies of their own evil consciences.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 64 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(7, 8) The meaning of these verses is clear. In the moment of their imagined success, their deeply-laid schemes just on the point of ripening, a sudden Divine retribution overtakes the wicked, and all their calumnies, invented with such cunning, fall back on their own heads. But the construction is most perplexing. The text presents a tangled maze of abrupt clauses, which, arranged according to the accents, run: And God shoots an arrow, sudden are their wounds, and they make it (or him) fall on themselves their tongue. The last clause seems to pronounce the law which obtains in Divine judgment. While God orders the retribution it is yet the recoil of their own evil on the guilty. In these…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 64 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 8. Their own tongue to fall upon them-selves] All the plottings, counsels, and curses, they have formed against me, shall come upon themselves.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 64 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

8. So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves] An untenable rendering of an obscure sentence. It is best to render, substantially as R.V., And they are made to stumble, their own tongue being against them. Lit. they make him stumble: the plural subject to the verb suggesting, as in Psalms 63:10, the idea of mysterious agents in God’s service, and the singular object regarding ‘the enemy’ (as in Psalms 64:1 b) collectively as a body. For the sense cp. Psalms 140:9; Psalms 7:15 f (note that v. 12 f are parallel to v. 7 here); Psalms 57:6. Their tongue, the weapon with which they sought to destroy others, is turned against themselves. Ahithophel’s fate may serve for…

Read Cambridge on Psalms 64 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves - In Psalms 64:3, their tongue is represented as a sword; and here, keeping up the figure, the tongue, as a sword, is represented as

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 64 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

They will be made to stumble, their own tongues turned against them. All who see will shake their heads.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Their own tongues shall ruin them. All who see them will shake their heads.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

They will be made to stumble, their own tongues turned against them. All who see will shake their heads.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Their slander will bring about their demise. All who see them will shudder,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves: all that see them shall flee away.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

So they shall be made to stumble, their own tongue being against them: All that see them shall wag the head.

RVARevised Version, American1894

So they shall be made to stumble, their own tongue being against them: all that see them shall wag the head.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves: all that see them shall flee away.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

They shall cause their owne tongue to fall vpon them: and whosoeuer shall see them, shall flee away.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

By their own tongue they are made to fall over one another: all that see them shall flee away.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And they cause him to stumble, Against them [is] their own tongue, Every looker on them fleeth away.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And they cause him to stumble, || Their own tongue [is] against them, || Every looker on them flees away.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(64:9) And their own tongues will stumble over themselves: all that look on them will shake their head.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

They will be made to stumble, since their own tongues are against them; all who see them will wag their heads.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Who troublest the depth of the sea, the noise of its waves. The Gentiles shall be troubled,

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

What they themselves say will trip them up; people who see them will mock them, shaking their heads at them.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

The evil of their tongues is the cause of their fall; all those who see them are shaking their heads at them.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּtheyobjectהוּcaused.him.to.stumbleclauseprepositional phrase · predicateעָלֵ֣יoverמוֹthemnoun phrase · subjectלְשׁוֹנָ֑tongueםtheirclauseverbיִ֝תְנֹדֲד֗וּthey.will.shuddernoun phrase · subjectכָּלeverynoun phraseclauseverbרֹ֥אֵה[one.who].looksprepositional phrase · prepositionalבָֽonםthem

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text (MT) of Psalms 64:8 states, "וַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּהוּ עָלֵ֣ימוֹ לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם יִ֝תְנֹדֲד֗וּ כָּל־ רֹ֥אֵה בָֽם׃" which translates to, "They will be made to stumble, their own tongues turned against them. All who see will shake their heads." The Septuagint (LXX) provides a different structure and wording, and while it shares some concepts, it does not align directly with the MT in terms of phrasing. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional relevant witnesses for this specific verse, so the primary comparison remains between the MT and the LXX, with the latter differing significantly in its expression of the ideas presented in the MT.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּהוּ עָלֵ֣ימוֹ לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם יִ֝תְנֹדֲד֗וּ כָּל־ רֹ֥אֵה בָֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּהוּὑψωθήσεταιעָלֵ֣ימוֹβέλοςלְשׁוֹנָ֑םἐγενήθησαν

3 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 64:8כָּשַׁלand they caand they causedכָּשַׁלעַל[is] on the[is] on themעַללָשׁוֹןtongue theitongue theirלָשׁוֹןנָדַדthey will sthey will shuddנָדַדכֹּלeveryeveryכֹּלרָאָה[one who] l[one who] looksרָאָההֶםon themon themהֶםלָשַׁןto slanderto slanderלָשַׁןכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלעַלheightheightעַלעָזַרto helpto helpעָזַרכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאחֵךְpalatepalateחֵךְהָגָהto mutterto mutterהָגָהקֵןnestnestקֵןעוֹףbirdbirdעוֹףעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהעֳנִיafflictionafflictionעֳנִינָבַטto lookto lookנָבַט
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 64:8

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and they caused to stumble him [is] on them tongue their they will shudder every [one who] looks on them
וַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּהוּvai.yakh.shi.Lu.hu and they caused to stumble him H3782 Verb hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine plural · suffix
62× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To stumble means to lose your balance and almost fall, often because of weakness. In the Bible, it can also mean to falter or fail spiritually. This word is used in many books, including Psalms and Proverbs.
Tyndale gloss
to stumble
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כָּשַׁל (kashal) means to stumble or totter, often due to weakness. It can refer to physical stumbling, as well as metaphorical weakness or failure. The verb has various forms, including causing others to stumble or making them weak. The entries suggest a range of meanings from literal stumbling to broader implications of ruin and weakness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כָּשַׁל vb. stumble, stagger, totter

Qal

stumble at, over, something (lit. by means of)

totter

Niph.

stumble

be tottering, feeble

Pi. only apparent

Hiph.

cause to stumble

make feeble, weak

Hoph. either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such, or and let them be ones overthrown before thee

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3782 כָּשַׁל stumble, stagger, totter .. stumble at, over, something (lit. by means of)

. totter

. . stumble

. be tottering, feeble

. only apparent

. . cause to stumble

. make feeble, weak

. either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such, or and let them be ones overthrown before thee

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3782 kashal kaw-shal'

a primitive root; to totter or waver (through weakness of the

legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter,

stumble, faint or fall:--bereave (from the margin), cast down,

be decayed, (cause to) fail, (cause, make to) fall

(down, -ing), feeble, be (the) ruin(-ed, of), (be) overthrown,

(cause to) stumble, X utterly, be weak.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּשַׁל (ka.shal) — to stumble.

1) to stumble, stagger, totter

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to stumble

1a2) to totter

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to stumble

1b2) to be tottering, be feeble

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to cause to stumble, bring injury or ruin to, overthrow

1c2) to make feeble, make weak

1d) (Hophal) to be made to stumble

1e) (Piel) bereave

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Hc/Vhw3mp/Sp3ms — Verb hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine plural · suffix
Hc/Vhw3mp/Sp3ms
and they caused to stumble him [is] on them tongue their they will shudder every [one who] looks on them
עָלֵ֣ימוֹ'a.Lei.mov [is] on them H5921 Preposition · suffix
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they caused to stumble him [is] on them tongue their they will shudder every [one who] looks on them
לְשׁוֹנָ֑םle.sho.Nam tongue their H3956 Noun common both singular construct · suffix
117× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The tongue, used for eating, speaking, or describing a language. In the Bible, it appears in many books, including Genesis 11:1 and Acts 2:4.
Tyndale gloss
tongue
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word לָשׁוֹן (*lashon*) primarily means 'tongue,' referring to both the organ of speech in humans and animals. It can also denote 'language' and has figurative uses, such as a 'tongue-shaped' wedge or bay. The entries highlight its literal and metaphorical applications, but do not present any significant disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לָשׁוֹן n.m. and (more oft.) f. tongue

tongue of men

= language

tongue of animals

tongue of fire

= (tongue-shaped) wedge of gold

= (tongue-shaped) bay of sea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3956 לָשׁוֹן tongue . tongue of men

. = language

. tongue of animals

. tongue of fire

. = (tongue-shaped) wedge of gold

. = (tongue-shaped) bay of sea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3956 lashown law-shone'

or lashon {law-shone'}; also (in plural) feminine lshonah

{lesh-o-naw'}; from 3960; the tongue (of man or animals), used

literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech),

and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of

water):--+ babbler,bay, + evil speaker, language, talker,

tongue, wedge.

see HEBREW for 03960

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue.

: tongue/words

1) tongue

1a) tongue (of men)

1a1) tongue (literal)

1a2) tongue (organ of speech)

1b) language

1c) tongue (of animals)

1d) tongue (of fire)

1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)

לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue: language.

: language

1) tongue

1a) tongue (of men)

1a1) tongue (literal)

1a2) tongue (organ of speech)

1b) language

1c) tongue (of animals)

1d) tongue (of fire)

1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)

לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue: bar.

: bar/projection/bay

1) tongue

1a) tongue (of men)

1a1) tongue (literal)

1a2) tongue (organ of speech)

1b) language

1c) tongue (of animals)

1d) tongue (of fire)

1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcbsc/Sp3mp — Noun common both singular construct · suffix
HNcbsc/Sp3mp
and they caused to stumble him [is] on them tongue their they will shudder every [one who] looks on them
יִ֝תְנֹדֲד֗וּyit.no.da.Du they will shudder H5074 Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine plural
28× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to wander or flee, and is used in the Bible to describe people moving from place to place, like the Israelites in the wilderness in Exodus 14:3. It can also mean to chase someone away or to flutter like a bird.
Tyndale gloss
to wander
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָדַד (nadad) is a Hebrew verb that encompasses meanings related to movement, such as retreating, fleeing, departing, straying, and wandering. It can also refer to the fluttering of wings. The word has various forms, including Qal, Poal, Hiphil, Hophil, and Hithpolel, indicating different nuances of fleeing or being chased. Its Aramaic equivalent is נְדַד (H5075), meaning 'to flee.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָדַד] vb. retreat, flee, depart, stray, wander, flutter

Qal

retreat, flee

flee, depart

wander, stray

trans. flutter wings

Po‛ēl the sun hath arisen and it (the locust swarm) fleeth away

Hiph. chase away

Hoph. be chased away

Hithpo‛l. flee away

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5074 [נָדַד] retreat, flee, depart, stray, wander, flutter

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5074 nadad naw-dad'

a primitive root; properly, to wave to and fro (rarely to

flap up and down); figuratively, to rove, flee, or

(causatively) to drive away:--chase (away), X could not,

depart, flee (X apace, away), (re-)move, thrust away, wander

(abroad, -er, -ing).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָדַד (na.dad) — to wander.

1) to retreat, flee, depart, move, wander abroad, stray, flutter

1a)(Qal)

1a1) to retreat, flee

1a2) to flee, depart

1a3) to wander, stray

1a4) to flutter (of birds)

1b) (Poal) to flee away, be chased

1c) (Hiphil) to chase away

1d) (Hophal) to be chased away

1e) (Hithpolel) to flee away

Aramaic equivalent: ne.dad (נְדַד "to flee" H5075)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVti3mp — Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVti3mp
and they caused to stumble him [is] on them tongue their they will shudder every [one who] looks on them
כָּל־kol- every H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they caused to stumble him [is] on them tongue their they will shudder every [one who] looks on them
רֹ֥אֵהRo.'eh [one who] looks H7200 Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular common
1,300× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for provider means to see or look after, and is used to describe God's care for his people. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Genesis and other books.
Tyndale gloss
Provider
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָאָה (ra'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to see' and encompasses a wide range of visual and perceptual actions, including looking, observing, and causing others to see. It can refer to both literal sight and figurative understanding, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as appearing or being visible. The entries indicate a rich semantic field without significant disagreement among lexicographers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָאָה 1315 vb. see

Qal 1141

see, subj.

see, c. acc. rei

see, sq. acc. cl. or phr. of closer design

see, so as to learn to know

abs. see, have (power of) vision

see = perceive

look at, see, by direct volition

of mental observation

c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

see, c. acc. rei

Niph.

appear

be seen

be visible

Pu. appar. his bones are not detected

Hithp. recipr. look at each other

Hiph.

cause one to see something, shew

cause to experience something

cause to look intently at, to behold

Hoph.

be caused to see, be shewn

be exhibited to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7200a רָאָה see .. . see, subj.

. see, c. acc. rei

. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design

. see, so as to learn to know

. abs. see, have (power of) vision

. see = perceive

. look at, see, by direct volition

. of mental observation

. . c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

. see, c. acc. rei

. . appear

. be seen

. be visible

. appar. his bones are not detected

. recipr. look at each other

. . . cause one to see something, shew

. cause to experience something

. cause to look intently at, to behold

. . be caused to see, be shewn

. be exhibited to

H7200b רְאוּת look

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7200 ra'ah raw-aw'

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in

numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive,

intransitive and causative):--advise self, appear, approve,

behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have

experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look

(on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up,

upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide,

regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one

another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X

surely, X think, view, visions.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: see.

: see/show

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

1a4) to look at, see, regard, look after, see after, learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out

1a5) to see, observe, consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish

1a6) to look at, gaze at

1a7) to provide, choose

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to appear, present oneself

1b2) to be seen

1b3) to be visible

1c) (Pual) to be seen

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to see, show

1d2) to cause to look intently at, behold, cause to gaze at

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be caused to see, be shown

1e2) to be exhibited to

1f) (Hithpael) to look at each other, face

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: examine.

: examine/consider

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqrmsc — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular common
HVqrmsc
and they caused to stumble him [is] on them tongue their they will shudder every [one who] looks on them
בָֽם׃Vam on them H9038 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֶם (hem) — them.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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