2 Peter 2:18–22 — Deceptions of False Teachers « Leader information shown in this fashion »
A. The Deceivers – their Methods 2 Peter 2:18a
1. AV: 18a For when they speak great swelling words of vanity, they allure through the lusts of the flesh, through much wantonness, …
2. NAS: 18a For speaking out arrogant words of vanity they entice by fleshly desires, by sensuality, …
3. NIV: 18a For they mouth empty, boastful words and, by appealing to the lustful desires of sinful human nature, they entice …
4. J. B. Philips: 18a With their high-sounding nonsense they use the sensual pull of the lower passions to attract …
5. NLT: 18a They brag about themselves with empty, foolish boasting. With lustful desire as their bait, they lure back into sin …
6. RGH: 18a For “trumpeting” (sounding) a clear, insolent blast of “wind” (emptiness), they “bait the hook” (allure) with carnal, dissolute lust …
7. what two methods do these deceivers employ?
a. words that « – sound good, perhaps that make the hearer feel great (important, elated, flattered), but which are really empty of meaning; this is said to describe Hitler’s speeches »
b. ideas that « – appeal to their audiences desires; not their finer goals, but their basest and most vulgar fancies »
B. The Deceived – their State 2 Peter 2:18b
1. AV: 18b … those that were clean escaped from them who live in error.
2. NAS: 18b … those who barely escape from the ones who live in error,
3. NIV: 18b … people who are just escaping from those who live in error.
4. J. B. Philips: 18b … those who were just on the point of cutting loose from their companions in evil.
5. NLT: 18b … those who have just escaped from such wicked living.
6. RGH: 18b … those scarcely begun to take flight who live in delusion,
7. Who is the target for their deception?
a. those who « – are in the process of repentance, or perhaps those who are seeking to reform their lives; it is the present participle in the best texts, others having dropped an epsilon, giving an aorist »
b. back to those who « – have no idea or inclination to the truth »
8. in the parable of the soils, found in Matthew 13:3–9, Mark 4:3–9, Luke 8:5–8 (explained in Matthew 13:18–23, Mark 4:13–20, Luke 8:11–15), which soil is represented by those who succumb to this deception? « – this could be the roadway or the rocks … discuss »
C. Deceivers – Character of their Promise, 2 Peter 2:19
1. AV: 19 While they promise them liberty, they themselves are the servants of corruption: for of whom a man is overcome, of the same is he brought in bondage.
2. NAS: 19 promising them freedom while they themselves are slaves of corruption; for by what a man is overcome, by this he is enslaved.
3. NIV: 19 They promise them freedom, while they themselves are slaves of depravity — for a man is a slave to whatever has mastered him.
4. J. B. Philips: 19 They promise them liberty. Liberty! — when they themselves are bound hand and foot to utter depravity. For a man is the slave of whatever masters him.
5. NLT: 19 They promise freedom, but they themselves are slaves to sin and corruption. For you are a slave to whatever controls you.
6. RGH: 19 They announce themselves as giving freedom, but they themselves continue to be slaves of depravity; for that which defeats a person thereby enslaves him.
7. their promise
a. what feature of their methods permeates their promise? « – the emptiness of their speech is found in the emptiness of their promises »
b. what proves this fact? « – that they themselves are not free »
8. proclaiming freedom
a. what do you think of these deceivers’ qualifications for doing so? « — a slave has no power to free another slave, even his own »
b. what do you think of Jesus’ qualifications (John 8:36, Hebrews 1:2)? « – the Son is free, has authority, and can give real freedom »
D. The Deceived – their Sad Condition, 2 Peter 2:20–22
1. AV: 20 For if after they have escaped the pollutions of the world through the knowledge of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, they are again entangled therein, and overcome, the latter end is worse with them than the beginning. 21 For it had been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than, after they have known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered unto them. 22 But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The dog is turned to his own vomit again; and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire.
2. NAS: 20 For if after they have escaped the defilements of the world by the knowledge of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, they are again entangled in them and are overcome, the last state has become worse for them than the first. 21 For it would be better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than having known it, to turn away from the holy commandment delivered to them. 22 It has happened to them according to the true proverb, “a dog returns to its own vomit,” and, “A sow, after washing, returns to wallowing in the mire.”
3. NIV: 20 If they have escaped the corruption of the world by knowing our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ and are again entangled in it and overcome, they are worse off at the end than they were at the beginning. 21 It would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than to have known it and then to turn their backs on the sacred command that was passed on to them. 22 Of them the proverbs are true: “A dog returns to its vomit,” and, “A sow that is washed goes back to her wallowing in the mud.”
4. J. B. Philips: 20 If men have escaped from the world’s contaminations through knowing our Lord and saviour Jesus Christ, and then become entangled and defeated by them all over again, their last position is worse than their first. 21 For it would be better for them not to have known the way of goodness at all, than after knowing it to turn their backs on the sacred commandments given to them. 22 For them, the old proverbs have come true about the “dog returning to his vomit,” and “the sow that had been washed going back to wallow in the muck”.
5. NLT: 20 And when people escape from the wicked ways of the world by learning about our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ and then get tangled up with sin and become its slave again, they are worse off than before. 21 It would be better if they had never known the right way to live than to know it and then reject the holy commandments that were given to them. 22 They make these proverbs come true: “A dog returns to its vomit,” and “A washed pig returns to the mud.”
6. RGH: 20 For if, having fled the defilements of the world in coming to a full knowledge (or consciousness) of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, yet, once again being entangled in those defilements they are defeated: for these the end is worse than the beginning. 21 For it were better for them not to have fully known (or been conscious) of the road of righteousness than fully knowing it yet to turn back from the holy injunctions (instructions) given to them. 22 The proverb has become true for them, “A dog will return to its own vomit,” and, “The washed pig will return to its filthy rolling place.”
7. With what aim do deceivers target their victims (Compare what Jesus had to say in Matthew 23:15)? – to bring possible escapees into the same sorry state as themselves
8. What things in themselves are insufficient to bring deliverance from sin?
a. human « – efforts of reformation »
b. a full « – understanding of the way of salvation »
c. why? « – because the first can lack faith, the second, obedience »
9. What is the point of the proverbs cited (first being from Proverbs 26:11, the other non-Biblical)? « – The nature of dogs and pigs does not change, so they repeat their natural actions; a fool (one who does not fear or believe in God) repeats his folly unless he should be transformed by the grace of God »
10. A parable of Jesus graphically illustrates these verses as found in Matthew 12:43–45 and also Luke 13:24-26. What lesson does this teach us about New Year’s resolutions and human reformation? « – unless a new life is initiated by God, things will not change »
11. what do we learn about our adversary
a. in this passage « – he has all kinds of assistants, some wearing the guise of teachers, who are working to prevent men and women being saved »
b. in 1 Peter 5:8 « – he is extremely active in this endeavour »
c. in 2 Corinthians 11:14 « – he is the ultimate false teacher, the Deceiver, from the first he is a liar »
d. and we should therefore …