ἐπί, [before a rough breathing ἐφ᾽ (occasionally in Mss. én’; see 6. g. Ps. exly. (exlvi.) 3), and also in some instances before a smooth breathing (as ἐφ᾽ ἐλπίδι, Acts ii. 26 L; Ro. viii. 20 (21) Tdf.); 566 ἀφεῖδον. It neglects elision before proper names beginning with a vowel (exe. Αἴγυπτον Acts vii. 10, 18) and (at least in Tdf.’s txt.) before some other words, see the Proleg. p. 94 sq.; cf. W. §5,1a.; B. p. 10], a preposition [fr. the Skr. local prefix dpi; Curtius $335], joined to the gen., the dat., and the ace. ; its primary signification is upon (Lat. super; [cf. W. 374 (350) note). A. with the Genitive [cf. W. § 47, g.; B. 336 (289)]; I. of Place; and 1. of the place on which; a. upon the surface of (Lat. in or super with the abl., Germ. auf with the dat.); after verbs of abiding, remaining, standing, going, coming, etc.; of doing anything: ἐπὶ κλίνης, Mt. ix. 2; Lk. xvii. 34; ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος, Mt. xxiv.17; Lk. xvii. 31; ἐπ’ ἐρηpias (cf. on a desert), Mk. viii. 4; ἐπὶ τῶν νεφελῶν, Mt. xxiv. 30; xxvi. 64; ἐπὶ (τῆς) γῆς, Mt. vi. 10; ix. 6; xxiii. 9; xxviii. 18; Lk. xxi. 25; Acts ii. 19, and very often; ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης. on (the surface of) the sea, Mt. xiv. 25 RG; 26 LT Tr WH; Mk. vi. 48, [49]; Rev. v. 13, and, ace. to the interp. of many, Jn. vi. 19; butef. Baumg.Crusius ad loc. [per contra, οἵ. Liicke ad loc.; Meyer on Με.]. ς.1, (Jobix.8; βαδίζειν ἐφ᾽ ὕδατος, Leian. philops. 13; ἐπὶ τοῦ πελάγους διαθέοντες, ν. h. 2,4; [Ατΐοπι. oneir. 3, 16]; on ἃ different sense of the phrase ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης see 2 a. below [W. 374 (351)]); ποιεῖν σημεῖα ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσθενούντων, to be seen upon the bodies of men, externally, (on the sick [ef. W.375 (351)]), Jn. vi. 2; ἐκάθισα and κάθημαι [καθέζομαι] ἐπί, Mt. xix. 28; xxiii. 2; xxiv. 3; xxv. 31; xxvii.19; Jn. xix.13; Actsxx.9; Rey. ix. 17, ete. ; ἔστην, ἔστηκα ἐπί, Lk. vi. 17; Acts xxi.40; Rey. x. 5,8; where parts of the body are spoken of : ἐπὶ χειρῶν, Mt. iv. 6; Lk. iv. 11; ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς, Jn. xx. 7; 1 Co. xi.10; Rev. x.1 RG [al. ace.]; xii. 1; σινδόνα ἐπὶ γυμνοῦ, MK. xiv. 51; ἐπὶ τοῦ μετώπου [or -πων], Rev. vii. 3; ix. 4; xill. 16 [Rec., al. ace.]; xiv.9. _ b. Like the prep. ἐν (see the exposition s. v. ἐν, 1. 7 p. 212"), so also ἐπί with the gen. is used after verbs expressing motion to indicate the rest following the motion; thus after βάλλειν, Mk. iv. 26; Mt. xxvi. 12; σπείρειν, Mk. iv. 31; τιθέναι, Jn. xix. 19; Acts v.15; [Lk. viii. 16 L T Tr WH]; ἐπιτιθέναι, Lk. viii. 16 [RG]; καθιέναι, Acts x. 11; πίπτειν, MK. ix. 20; xiv. 35; ἐπιγράφειν, Heb. x.16 RG; ἑλκύειν, Jn. xxi. 11 RG; ἔρχεσθαι, Heb. vi. 7; Rey. iii. 10; [dvaτέλλειν, Lk. xii. 54 T Tr mrg. WH]; γενόμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ τόπου (cf. our having arrived on the spot), Lk. xxii. 40, [ef. W. p. 376 (352) and see below, C. I. 1b. fin.]. κρεμᾶν τινα ἐπί (Hebr. oy mon, Gen. xl. 19; Deut. xxi. 22, etc.), for which the Latin has suspendere ez, de, a, and alicui, Acts v.30; x. 39; Gal.iii-13. ὁ. fig. used of that upon which any thing rests, (like our upon) [ef. W. 375 (351); B. 336 (289); Ellic. on 1 Tim. as below]: ἵνα σταθῇ ἐπὶ στόματος ete. ("9-» Ὁ)» Deut. xix. 15), resting on the declaration, etc., Mt. xviii. 16 ; 2 Co. xiii. 1; more simply ἐπὶ μαρτύρων, 1 Tim. v. 19; in the adv. phrase ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας (on the ground of truth), see ἀλήθεια, 1. 1. [e’. akin is its use (with a personal or a reflex. pron.) to denote dependence, as in λογιζέσθω ἐφ᾽ (al. ἀφ᾽ q. v. ΤΙ. 2d. aa.) ἑαυτοῦ, 2 Co. x. 7T Tr WH (for himself, i. e. apart from and independently of others; R. V. with himself); cf. Kiihner ii. 432; L.andS.s.v.A.Lid] 4d. fig. used of things, affairs, persons, which one is setover, over which he exercises power; Lat. supra, our over [cf. below, B. 2 Ὁ. and (Ὁ. I. 3 e.]: ἐπὶ πάντων, Ro. ix. 5; Eph. iv. 6 (where ἐπί, διά and ἐν are distinguished); καθίστημί τινα ἐπί twos, Mt. xxiv. 45; xxy. 21, 23; Lk. xii. 42; Acts vi. 3, (Gen. xxxix. 4, 5; 1 Mace. vi. 14; x. 37, ete.; Plat. rep. 5 p. 460 b., etc.); δίδωμί τινι ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τινος, Rev. ii. 26; ἔχω ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τινος, Rev. xx.6; βασιλεύειν ἐπί τινος. Mt. ii. 22 RG Tr br.; Rev. νυ. 10; ἔχειν ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ βασιλέα. Rev. ix. 11; ἔχειν βασιλείαν ἐπὶ τῶν βασιλέων, Rey. xvii. 18 ; ὃς ἦν ἐπὶ τῆς γάζης, who was over the treasury, Acts viii. 27; 6 ἐπὶ τοῦ κοιτῶνος, he who presided over the bed-chamber, the chamberlain, Acts xii. 20 (Passow i. 2 p. 1035

ἐπί epi 890x

(1) with the gen., upon, on, Mt. 4:6; 9:2; 27:19; in, of locality, Mk. 8:4; near upon, by, at, Mt. 21:19; Jn. 21:1; upon, over, of authority, Mt. 2:22; Acts 8:27; in the presence of, especially in a judicial sense, 2 Cor. 7:14; Acts 25:9; in the case of, in respect of, Jn. 6:2; Gal. 3:16; in the time of, at the time of, Acts 11:28; Rom. 1:10; ἐπ’ ἀληθείας, really, bona fide, Mk. 12:32; (2) with the dat., upon, on, Mt. 14:8; Mk. 2:21; Lk. 12:44; close upon, by, Mt. 24:33; Jn. 4:6; in the neighborhood or society of, Acts 28:14; over, of authority, Mt. 24:47; to, of addition, besides, Mt. 25:20; Eph. 6:16; Col. 3:14; supervening upon, after, 2 Cor. 1:4; 7:4; immediately upon, Jn. 4:27; upon, of the object of an act, towards, to, Mk. 5:33; Lk. 18:7; Acts 5:35; against, of hostile posture or disposition, Lk. 12:52; in dependence upon, Mt. 4:4; Lk. 5:5; Acts 14:3; upon the ground of, Mt. 19:9; Lk. 1:59; Phil. 1:3; Heb. 7:11; 8:6; 9:17; with a view to, Gal. 5:13; 1 Thess. 4:7; (3) with the acc., upon, with the idea of previous or present motion, Mt. 4:5; 14:19, 26; towards, of place, to, Mt. 3:13; 22:34; towards, of the object of an action, Lk. 6:35; 9:38; against, of hostile movement, Mt. 10:21; over, of authority, Lk. 1:33; to the extent of, both of place and time, Rev. 21:16; Rom. 7:1; near, by, Mt. 9:9; about, at, of time, Acts 3:1; in order to, with a view to, for the purpose of, Mt. 3:7; Lk. 7:44

ἐπί (before a smooth breathing ἐπ’, before a rough breathing ἐφ’), prep. c. gen., dat., acc. (acc. most freq. in NT), with primary sense of superposition, on, upon. C. gen., of place, answering the question, where? of the place on which, on, upon: ἐπὶ (τ.) γῆς, Mt 6:10, 19, al.; τ. κεφαλῆς, I Co 11:10; τ. νεφελῶν, Mt 24:30, al.; like ἐν, in constr. praegn. after verbs of motion: βάλλειν, Mk 4:26; σπείρειν, ib. 31; ἔρχεσθαι, He 6:7, al.; fig., ἐπ’ ἀληθείας (MM, s.v. ἀ.); of the subject of thought or speech, Ga 3:16; of power or authority, over, πάντων, Ro 9:5: τ. γάζης, Ac 8:27; ἐξουσία, Re 2:26 20:6;

of vicinity, at, by: τ. θαλάσσης, Jo 6:9; τ. ὁδοῦ, Mt 21:19; τοῦ βάτου, Mk 12:26 (v. Swete, in l.); c. gen. pers., in the presence of, before, Mt 28:14, Ac 23:30, I Co 6:1, al.

Of time, c. gen. pers., in the time of: ἐπὶ Ἐλισαίου, Lk 4:27; ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου, Ac 11:28; ἐπὶ Ἀβιάθαρ ἀρχιερέως, when A. was high priest, Mk 2:26;

c. gen. rei, at, at the time of: Mt 1:11, He 1:2, II Pe 3:3; ἐπὶ τ. προσευχῶν, Ro 1:10, Eph 1:16, I Th 1:2, Phm 4.

C. dat., of place, answering the question, where? lit., on, upon: Mt 9:16, 14:8, al.; after verbs of motion (v. supr., I, 1, (a)), Mt 9:16 Ac 8:16; above, Lk 23:38; at, by, Mk 13:29, Jo 5:2, Ac 5:9, al.;

metaph., upon, on the ground of, Lk 4:4 (LXX); in the matter of, Mk 6:52 (v. Swete, in l.); upon, of, concerning, Ac 5:35, 40; of the ground, reason or motive (Bl., §38, 2; 43, 3), Mt 18:3 19:9, Ro 12:12, al.; ἐφ’ ᾧ, for the reason that, because, Ro 5:12 II Co 5:4; after verbs of motion, over, Mt 18:13, Ro 16:19, al.; of a condition (cl.), Ro 8:20, I Co 9:10; ἐπὶ δυσὶ μάρτυσιν (v. Westc. on He 9:10), He 10:28; of purpose or aim, Eph 2:10, Phl 4:10; of authority, over, Mt 24:47 Lk 12:44; of hostility, c. dat. pers. (cl.), against, Lk 12:52; in addition to (cl.), II Co 7:13; of an adjunct, in, at, on, Phl 1:3 2:17.

C. acc., of place of motion upon or over, answering the question, whither? lit., upon, over: Mt 14:28, 29, Lk 5:19, al. mult.; in NT also, answering the question, where? (as c. gen., dat.), Mk 4:38 11:2, Lk 2:25, Jo 1:32; ἐπὶ τ. αὐτό, Ac 1:15 2:1, al.; of motion to a vicinity, to, Mk 16:2, Ac 8:36, al.;

metaph. (in wh. "the acc. is more widely prevalent than it strictly should be," Bl., §43, 1); of blessings, evils, etc., coming upon one, c. acc. pers., Mt 10:13 12:28, Ac 2:17, Jo 18:4, Eph 5:6, al.; of addition (dat. in cl.), λύπη ἐπὶ λύπην, Phl 2:27; ἐπικαλεῖν ὄνομα ἐπί (v.s. ἐπικαλέω), Ac 15:17, Ja 2:7; καλεῖν ἐπί, to call after, Lk 1:59; of number or degree: ἐπὶ τρίς (cl. εἰς τ.), thrice, Ac 10:16 11:10; ἐπὶ πλεῖον, the more, further, Ac 4:17 II Ti 2:16 3:9 (v. also infr., 2, (a)); ἐφ’ ὅσον (v. infr., ib.), forasmuch as, Mt 25:40, 45, Ro 11:13; of power, authority, control, Lk 1:33, Ac 7:10 Ro 5:14, He 3:6, al.; of the direction of thoughts and feelings, unto, towards, Lk 1:17 23:28, Ac 9:35, 42, Ro 11:22, Ga 4:9, Eph 2:7, I Ti 5:5, al.; of purpose, for, Mt 3:7, Lk 23:48; ἐφ’ ὅ πάρει (Rec. ἐφ’ ᾧ, Mt 26:50; of hostility, against, Mt 24:7, Mk 3:24-26 10:11 13:8, Lk 9:5, Jo 13:18, Ac 7:54, I Co 7:36, II Co 1:23; Of reference, concerning, for (cl. usually dat.), Mk 9:12 15:24, Jo 19:24, Ro 4:9.

Of time, during, for: Lk 4:25 (WH, txt., omits ἐπί), Ac 13:31 16:18, He 11:30, al.; ἐφ’ ὅσον (χρόνον), as long as, for so long time as, Mk 9:15 Ro 7:1, al. (for ἐφ’ ὅ in another sense, v. supr., 1, (b)); ἐφ’ ἱκανόν (v.s. ἱ), Ac 20:11; ἐπὶ πλεῖον (v. supr., 1, (b)), yet longer, further, Ac 20:9 24:4;

on, about, towards (cl. εἰς): Lk 10:35 Ac 3:1 4:5.

In composition, ἐπί signifies: up, ἐπαίρω; upon, ἐπίγειος, ἐπιδημέω, ἐπικαθίζω; towards, επιβλέπω, ἐπεκτείνω; over (of superintendence), ἐπιστάτης; again, in addition, ἐπαιτέω; against, ἐπιορκέω, ἐπιβουλή.

ἐπὶ ξένης εἶναι, and P Giss I. 2115 μένε ἐπὶ ἑαυτοῦ, “stay at home.” The sense of ‘‘near,’’ “‘in the vicinity of”’ appears in P Ryl II. 127° (A.D. 29) κοιμωμένον μον ἐπὶ τῆς θύρας: cf. Ac 5°% and see Jn 6᾽", 211 ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης, where the rendering ‘“‘ near the sea,’ or, as we should say, “fon the shore,” is to be preferred (cf. Abbott /ok. Gr. p- 261). In P Lond 11688 (a.p. 18) (= III. p. 136) ἐν τοῖς ἀπὸ A(Bos μέρεσι ἐπὶ ταῖς οὔσαις γειτνίαις, ἐπί is almost = ἐν." The local force still underlies the meaning of such a phrase as ἐπ᾿ ἀληθείας (cf. Mk 1214) in the census paper P Oxy II. 255}5 (A.D. 48) (= Selections, p. 47), where it is stated that the return is ‘“‘sound”’ and rests “on a true basis "᾿-ἐ]ξ [ὑ]γιοῦς kal ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας. Cf. also P Lille I. 264 (iii/B.c.) τὴν δὲ λοιπὴν γ[ῆν ἑτο]ιμάζω, εἰ μὴ ἀκολουθεῖς ἅπαντα καθὼς ἐπὶ τῆς διαγραφῆς τ[ο]ῦ [εἰς τὸ] τε ἔτος σπόρου μεμισθῶσϑαι τοῖς γεωργοῖς, where ἐπὶ τῆς διαγραφῆς refers to the conditions laid down in the agreement, and P Grenf II. 77*9 (iii/iv A.D.) (=Selectzons, p. 121) (γίνεται) ἐπὶ τοῦ λ[όγο]υ τῆς ὅλης Sa[ma]yns = ““ total of the account for the whole outlay.’’ An even more elliptical usage is found in Mk 1255 ἐπὶ τοῦ βάτου, “‘in che place concerning the Bush” (RV). The preposition is used of ‘‘ oversight, authority,” as in Mt 244, Ac 837, Rom 95, in such passages as P Tebt 1. 588 (p.c. 118) ὃ ἐπὶ τῶν προ(σόδων), BGU IV. 1120! (B.c. 5) πρωτάρχωι ἐπὶ τοῦ Kpitypiov, P Oxy I. 901} (A.D. 55) τραπέζης ἐφ᾽ ἧς Σαραϊπίων καὶ μέτοχοι, P Lond 11598 (A.D. 145-47) (= III. p. 113) ἐπὶ οἴνου καὶ ὄξον οἱ πρόοντες, and the /ibeldus BGU I. 2871 (A.p. 250) (= Selections, p. 115) where the magistrates who presided over the sacrifices are referred to—rots ἐπὶ [τ]ῶν θυσιῶν ἡρημένοις. In P Leid W*-*% (ii/iii a.p.) ἔσεθε (1. ἔσεσθε) ἀμφότεροι ἐπὶ πάσης ἀνάγκης, the editor translates ‘‘ supra omnem necessitatem.”’ From this we may pass to the jzd?cia/ reference, as in Mt 2814 (ὑπό BD), in P Par 46᾽5 (B.c. 153) διὸ καὶ ἡγούμενος δεῖν ἐπ᾿ ἄλλου μὲν μηθενὸς αὐτῶι διακριθῆναι, ἐπὶ σοῦ δ᾽ αὐτοῦ, γέγραφά σοι κτλ., P Oxy I. 38! (a.D. 49-50) (= Selections, p. 53) καθὰ πία]ρῆλθον ἐπὶ τοῦ γενομένου τοῦ νομοῦ στρατηγοῦ Πασίωνος, “1 accordingly brought an action before Pasion, who was ex-strategus of the nome,” » ἐς and BGU III. 90928 (a-D. 359) ἀξιῶ ἀχθῆναι ἐπὶ σοῦ τίοὺ]ς | προειρημένους "Ἄριον kal. . ᾿Αγάμμωνα. See also P Oxy I. 37:8 (a.p. 49) (= Selections, p. 48) ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος, [II ]eσοῦρι[9] πρὸς Σαραεῦν, “in court, P. versus S."": cf. Ac 2519 Akin to this is the usage in an oath, as P Petr III. 56(a)?* (iii/B.C.) ὥμοσά σοι τὸν πάτριον ὅρκον ἐπὶ Tod ποταμοῦ. In P Par 63" (B.c. 164) (= P Petr III. p. 20) ὅ]ρκους παρ᾽ ὑμῶν λαβεῖν μὴ μόνον ἐπὶ τῶν] θεῶν ἀλλὰ kal κατὰ τῶν βασιλέων, Mahaffy is unable (p. 38 f.) to discover any distinction between the prepositions, and translates ‘‘to exact oaths from you not only by the gods, but also by the kings.” In BGU I. 15377 (A.D. 152) ἀπογράψασθαι ἐν τῇ τῶν καμήλων ἀπογραφῇ . . . ἐπ᾽ ὀνόματος αὐτῶν, the reference is to ‘‘ the entering on the list of a camel wszder the name of its new owner ”’ (Deissmann BS, p. 197 n.?). A good parallel to ἐπί = ‘‘ concerning,” ‘‘in the case of,” as in Gal 315, is afforded by P Tebt I. 578(B.c. 118) προστε]τάχασι δὲ kal τὰ εἰς τὴν ταφὴν τοῦ “Amos kal Μνήσιος ζητεῖν ἐκ τοῦ βα(σιλικοῦ) [ὡἸς καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀποτεθεωμένων, ‘and they have decreed that the expenses for the burial of Part III. > ΄ ἐπι Apis and Mnesis should be demanded from the Crown revenues, as in the case of the deified personages ’’ (Edd.): cf. 76. 7° (B.C. 114) τὰ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐνεστηκότα, “the state of the matter concerning them” (Edd.), and Menander /ragm. Ῥ. 188 οὐδεὶς ἐφ᾽ αὑτοῦ τὰ κακὰ συνορᾷ, Ilapdire,| σαφῶς, ἑτέρου δ᾽ ἀσχημονοῦντος ὄψεται, ““πὸ one clearly sees evil in his own case, but when another misbehaves, he'll see it.’’ See also such phrases as P Tebt I. 27° (B.c. 113) ἐπὶ τοῦ βελτίστου, ‘‘in the best possible manner’’ (but cf. ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας above), P Strass I. 7o'® (a.p. 138) ᾧς ἐπὶ τῶν ὁμοίῳ[ν, ‘Sas in similar cases,’’ and BGU IV. rog8* (c. B.C. 20) ὡς ἂν ἐπὶ το[ῦ κα]ιροῦ κοινῶς κρίνωσι, “ under the circumstances.”’ This last ex. leads naturally to the temporal use of ἐπί: cf. e.g. P Meyer 614 (A.D. 125) ἐπὶ τῆς τριακάδ[ο]ς το[ῦ] atv μηνός : also P Petr IT. 11(1)? (iii/B.c.) (=Selections, p.7) ὅπως τῆς ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος σχολῆς ἀπολυθῶ, ‘that I may be relieved from my present occupation,’’ where ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος is practically Ξε ἐν τῷ παρόντι. With such passages as Mk 2°, Ac 1178, where ἐπί = ‘‘in the time of’’ cf. P Amh II. 43? (B.C. 173) ἔτους ὀγδόου ἐφ᾽ ἱερέως Ἡρακλείδου, P Tebt I. 61(4) (B.c. 118-7) ἐν τῶι KO (ἔτει) ἐπὶ τοῦ a[Se]Ahos, P Tor I. 1¥-5 (B.C. 116) τοῦ KH (ἔτους) ΠΠαχὼν ἐπὶ τοῦ Φιλομήτορος, and OGZS go! ( Kosetta stone—B.C. 196) προσέταξεν δὲ [Ptolemy V. Epiphanes] καὶ περὶ τῶν ἱερέων, ὅπως μηθὲν πλεῖον διδῶσιν εἰς τὸ τελεστικὸν οὗ ἐτάσσοντο ἕως τοῦ πρώτου ἔτους ἐπὶ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ [Ptolemy 1V. Philopator], where, as against Dittenberger ad 7, Wilcken (Archiv iii. p. 320f.) has shown that this use of ἐπί c. gen. carries back the dating to the beginning of the previous reign, 7.6. “until the first year of his father’s reign.’’ On the importance of this in connexion with the chronological statement in the Prologue to Ecclesiasticus, see Wilcken uf s. and Deissmann BS, p. 339 ff. For the temporal use of ἐπί with an abstract noun, as in Rom 17°, etc., see P Tebt I. 5851 (B.c. 111) μή ποτε ἐπὶ τοῦ διαλόγου χειμασθῶμεν, “ἴῃ order that we may not come to grief at the audit” (Edd. ). (2) c. dat.—The idea of “in” or “at” (as in Mt 245%) and ‘‘on” or “upon” (as in Mk 6535, 28) may be illustrated by P Tebt I. 657 (B.c. 140-39) ἐν ᾿Αλεξανδρείαι kal ἐπὶ χώραι, “‘at Alexandria and in the country,” P Petr III. Ti. S (B.C. 235) οὐλὴ .. ἐπ᾿ ὀφρύι δεξιαῖ. See also P Oxy I. 1153 (ii/A.p.) (= Selections, p. 96) ἔκλαυσα ἐπὶ τῶι εὐμοίρωι ὡς ἐπὶ Διδυμᾶτος ἔκλαυσα, where the dat. and gen. are interchanged in the same sentence. ᾿Εἰπί is common with the dat. = “with a view to,” as in Gal 513, e.g. P Tebt I. 448 (B.C. 114) ὄντος pou ἐπὶ θεραπείαι ἐν τῷ αὐτόθι μεγάλωι ᾿Ισιείωι, ‘while I was in the great temple of Isis here for medical treatment ” (see the editor's note), P Oxy IX. 120375 (late i/A.D.) πάντα τὰ .. ἐπὶ TH ἡμῶν ἀδικίᾳ πραχθέντα, ‘all the things done to our hurt,” P Oxy I. 71+ 19 (a.D. 303) κακουργίαν ἐπὶ ἀποστερέσι τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ, “a fraud to my detriment.”’ Similarly with abstract nouns denoting mavnmer, as in Rom 4!8—P Tor I. 1 τ} (B.c. 116) περιεσπακέναι . . ἐπὶ τῆι πάσηι συκοφαντίαι kal διασεισμῶι, εὐ. 1.5 ὅ κακοτρόπως καὶ ἐπὶ ῥαιδιουργίαι, P Oxy II. 237% 51 (A.D. 186) ἐπὶ φθόνῳ δὲ μόνον λοιδορούμενος. In P Eleph 1% ὃ (B.c. 311-0) (= Selections, p. 2f.) the irregularity in elision between ἐπὶ αἰσχύνηι and ἐφ᾽ ὕβρει may be noted, its avoidance in the 3. Ὁ επι first instance being due to the tendency in the Kowf# to isolate words for the sake of greater clearness: see Helbing Gramm. p. 12 ἴ., and cf. Mayser Gr. p. 155 ff. In P Oxy III. 531° (ii/A.D.) ἕως ἐπ᾽ ἀγαθῷ πρὸς σὲ παραγένομαι (1. -ωμαι), the meaning is ‘‘ until I come to you auspiciously,’’ much like the Latin ‘‘guod bonum faustumgue sit.’ See also ἐφ᾽ ἡμισείᾳ = “equally,” cited s.v. ἥμισυς. The thought of ‘‘ on account of ” underlies such passages as BGU I. 2608 (A.D. 90) ἀπέχωι παρά σου ds ὥφιλές por ἐπ᾽ ἐνυκήσι (Δ ἐνοικήσει) κατὰ δημόσιον] χρη[μ]α!τ]ισμὸν ἀργυρίου δραχμὰς ἑξακοσίας, Wilcken Osty 1131 (A.D. 212) ἔλαβον ἐπὶ προϊχρείᾳ] πυροῦ ἀρτ(άβην) μίαν ὑπί(ὲἐρ) μηνὸς Χύακ. An interesting ex. occurs in the letter of the Emperor Claudius in which he acknowledges the gift of a “olden crown ’’—éml τῇ κατὰ Βρετάννων velky, ‘on the occasion of his victory over the Britons’’ (P Lond 1178! = III. p. 216, Sedections, p. 99): cf. Lk 5°. This construction is common after verbs of feeling, as in P Eleph 13% (B.c. 223-2) ἣν (sc. ἐπιστολὴν) ἀναγνοὺς ἐχάρην ἐπὶ τῶι pe αἰσθέσθαι τὰ κατὰ σέ, and P Lond 4210 (z.c. 168) (=I. p- 30, Selections, p. 10) ἐπὶ μὲν τῶι ἐρρώσθα[(] σε εὐθέως τοῖς θεοῖς εὐχαρίστουν. Another usage which deserves notice is afforded by such a passage as P Meyer 652 (A.D. 125) μετηλλαχότος δὲ τοῦ Φιλίππου ἐπὶ κληρονόμωι υἱῷ ᾿Αφροδεισίῳ, where the meaning is that when Philip died he left as heir his son Aphrodisius : cf. P Ἀγ] 11. 76% (late ii/A.p.) “Eppudvys . . τελευτησάσης . . ἐπί Te ἐμοὶ Kal τοῖς ὁμομητρίοις ἀδελφοῖς κληρονόμοις, 73. 1217 (ii/A.D.) ἐτελεύτησεν “Hpas . . ἐπ᾽ ἀφήλικι υἱῷ, “leaving his son a minor.” For ἐφ᾽ @=‘‘on condition that’ see P Tebt I. τοδὲ (B.c. 93 or 60) where the owner leases certain arourae —ép ᾧ δώ(σει) σπέρμα (ἀρτάβας) ce, condition that he (the owner) shall supply 15 artabae for seed,” and P Tebt II. 381'® (A.D. 123) where a mother bequeaths her property to her daughter—é’ du . . ποιήσεται τὴν τῆς μητρὸς κηδίαν Kal περιστολὴν ws καθήκει, ‘on condition that she shall perform the obsequies and laying out of her mother as is fitting.’’ In P Hib I. 77° (B.c. 249) the meaning is rather ‘‘to the effect that ’’—ovvterdype8a yap περὶ τῶν τελωνικῶν ἐφ᾽ di [τοῖς θε]οῖς [τὰ] ἱερὰ σωθήσεσθαι καθὰ καὶ πρότερον, “ἴοΥ we have received instructions with regard to the collection of taxes that the acred revenues (?) are to be preserved for the gods as in (Edd.). Examples of ἐπί construed with the inf. are P Ἀν] II. “on former times ”’ 15371 (A.D. 138-61) where a father in his will nominates | certain guardians—éml τῷ αὐτ[ο]ὺς τρέφειν κ[αὶ] ἱματίζειν τὸν προγεγραμμένον μου υἱὸν καὶ κληρονόμον, “fon condition that they shall provide my aforesaid son and heir with food and clothing,’ and P Lond 93219 (A.D. 211) (= III. p. 149) ἐπὶ τῶ kal αὐτοὺς ὅσα ὀφείλει ὁ πατὴρ δάνεια... ἀποδιδόναι : and with reference to time P Oxy 11. 2943 (a.p. 22) (= Selections, p. 34) ἐπὶ τῷ γεγονέναι ἐν ᾿Αλεξανδρίᾳ, **on my arrival in Alexandria.” *Em( c. dat. marks a point of time in P Tebt I. 58° (8.6. 118) πρὸς τὰς ἐπὶ ἐνίοις καιροῖς ἀπῃτημέν[α]ς [καρ]πείας, “for the emoluments demanded on certain occasions,’’ P Oxy 11. 2757° (a.p. 66) (= Selections, p. 56) ἐπὶ συνκλεισμῷ τοῦ ὅλου xpdvov, “αἱ the expiry of the whole period,’’ P 234 ἐπί

ἐπί (epi) — upon/to/against. ἐπί, Thess. (before τ) [Refs 3rd c.BC+], to denote the being upon or supported upon a surface or point. __A WITH GEN.: __A.I of Place, __A.I.1 with Verbs of Rest, upon, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: without a Verb expressed, ἔγχεα ὄρθ᾽ ἐ. σαυρωτῆρος (i.e. σταθέντα) [Refs]; ἔκλαγξαν ὀϊστοὶ ἐπ᾽ ὤμων the arrows on his shoulders, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: also with Verbs of Motion, where the subject rests upon something, as on a chariot, a horse, a ship, φεύγωμεν ἐφ᾽ ἵππων on our chariot, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὴν κλεῖδα περιφέρειν ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ to carry the key about on his person, [Refs 5th c.BC+] walk on tiptoe, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of places, upon, if the place is an actual support, [Refs]; ἐ. τοῦ εὐωνύμον on the left, ἐ. τῶν πλευρῶν on the flanks, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but most frequently, in, rarely in [Refs 8th c.BC+] in the country. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ οἰκήματος κατίσαι, καθῆσθαι, in a brothel, [Refs 6th c.BC+]; μένειν ἐ. τῆς αὐτῶν (i.e. χώρας) remain in statu quo, Indut. cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; later of towns, [Refs 2nd c.AD+], etc.; sometimes also, at or near, ἐπ᾽ αὐτάων (i.e. τῶν πηγῶν) [Refs 8th c.BC+]; αἱ ἐ. Λήμνου ἐπικείμεναι νῆσοι off Lemnos, [Refs] the Thrace-ward region, [Refs 5th c.BC+] on, i.e. near which.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] at the money-changers' tables, [Refs 5th c.BC+] in the passage concerning the bush, [NT] __A.I.2 in various relations not strictly local, μένειν ἐ. τῆς ἀρχῆς remain in the command, [Refs 5th c.BC+] abide by it, [Refs 4th c.BC+] to be engaged in.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] (Lyric poetry). __A.I.2.b of ships, ὁρμεῖν ἐπ᾽ ἀγκύρας ride at (i.e. in dependence upon an) anchor, [Refs 5th c.BC+] dependent upon an attendant, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.2.c with the personal and reflexive pronoun, once in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; later mostly with 3rd pers., ἐπ᾽ ἑωυτῶν κεῖσθαι by themselves, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ὑμέων αὐτῶν βαλέσθαι consider it by yourselves, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ἑωυτῶν διαλέγονται speak in a dialect of their own, [Refs 6th c.BC+] considering their own interest only, th.[Refs] __A.I.2.d with numerals, to denote the depth of a body of soldiers, ἐ. τεττάρων ταχφῆναι to be drawn up four deep, four in file, [Refs 5th c.BC+] i.e. in a long thin line, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐφ᾽ ἑνὸς ἄγειν in single file, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; rarely of the length of the line, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πλεῖν ἐ. κέρως, ἐ. κέρας, see below c.[Refs] is formed in column, [Refs 5th c.BC+] eight bricks wide, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.2.e with genitive person, before, in presence of, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so, before a magistrate or official, [NT+2nd c.BC+]; but ἐπὶ δικασταῖς is falsa lectio in [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.I.2.f with Verbs of perceiving, observing, judging, etc., in the case of, [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων ἂν ἐσκόπει [Refs 6th c.BC+]; also with Verbs of speaking, on a subject, [Refs 6th c.BC+]. __A.I.3 implying Motion: __A.I.3.a where the sense of motion is lost in the sense of being supported, ὀρθωθεὶς.. ἐπ᾽ ἀγκῶνος having raised himself upon his elbow, [Refs 8th c.BC+]. __A.I.3.b in a pregnant sense, denoting the goal of motion (compare [Refs 5th c.BC+] drew the ship upon the land and left it there, 1.485; περάαν νήσων ἔπι carry to the islands and leave there, 21.454, compare22.45; [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἀναβῆναι ἐ. τῶν πύργων [Refs 5th c.BC+] (variant); frequently of motion towards or (in a military sense) upon a place, [Refs 8th c.BC+] (but νήσου ἔ. Ψυρίης νέεσθαι to go near Psyria, [Refs 8th c.BC+] homewards, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ κόλπος ὁ ἐ. Παγασέων φέρων the bay that leads to Pagasae, [Refs] the road leading to [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.3.c metaphorically, ἐ. γνώμης τινὸς γίγνεσθαι come to an opinion, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὡς ἐ. κινδύνου as if to meet danger, [Refs 6th c.BC+] __A.II of Time, in the time of, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐ. Κέκροπος, ἐ. Δαρείου, etc., [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐ. τούτου τυραννεύοντος, ἐ. Λέοντος βασιλεύοντος, ἐ. Μήδων ἀρχόντων, etc., [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ἐμεῦ in my time, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ εἰρήνης in time of peace, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ἡμέρης ἑκάστης variant for{-ῃ -τῃ} in [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.b later ἐ. δείπνου at dinner, [Refs 1st c.AD+] __A.III in various causal senses: __A.III.1 over, of persons in authority, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐ. τῶν πραγμάτων the public officers, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ἐ. τῶν ἐπιστολῶν τοῦ Ὄθωνος, = Latin ab epistulis, his secretary, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.III.2 κεκλῆσθαι ἐ. τινος to be called after him, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. τινος ἐπώνυμος γίγνεσθαι [Refs 2nd c.BC+]. __A.III.3 of occasions, circumstances, and conditions, οὐκ ἐ. τούτου μόνον, ἀλλ᾽ ἐ. πάντων, on all occasions, [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ἐξουσίας καὶ πλούτου πονηρὸν εἶναι in.. [NT+4th c.BC+] equally, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτων at the last, [LXX] for the present, [Refs] __A.III.4 in respect of, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; concerning, [Refs 2nd c.BC+] __B WITH DAT.: __B.I of Place, upon, just like the genitive (hence Poets use whichever case suits the metre, whereas in Prose the dative is more frequently): __B.I.1 with Verbs of Rest, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; καίειν ἐ. πᾶσι (i.e. βωμοῖς) [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.: also with Verbs of Motion, where the subject rests upon something, [Refs 5th c.BC+] (but ἐφ᾽ ἵππῳ, ἐφ᾽ ἵπποις and the like are never used for ἐφ᾽ ἵππου, etc.); of places, mostly in, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also, at or near, [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.; of rivers, etc., by, beside, [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.; of persons, οὐ τἀπὶ Λυδοῖς οὐδ᾽ ἐπ᾽ Ὀμφάλῃ λατρεύματα in Lydia, in the power of O., [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.I.1.b on or over, ἐπ᾽ Ἰφιδάμαντι over the body of Iphidamas, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also, over or in honour of, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __B.I.1.c in hostile sense, against, [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; as a check upon, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; also, towards, in reference to, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὸ ἐ. πᾶσιν τοῖς σώμασι κάλλος extending over all bodies, [Refs 5th c.BC+] the ills which lie upon thee, [Refs 5th c.BC+] make a law for his case, whether for or against, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; νόμος κεῖται ἐ. τινι [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.I.1.d. of accumulation, upon, after, ὄγχνη ἐπ᾽ ὄγχνῃ one pear after another, pear on pear, [Refs 8th c.BC+] (Lyric poetry); πήματα ἐ. πήμασι, ἐ. νόσῳ νόσος, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.I.1.e. in addition to, over and above, besides, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γ᾽ [Refs 8th c.BC+] besides, [Refs 4th c.AD+]; so of Numerals, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with Verbs of eating and drinking, with, [Refs 6th c.BC+]; νέκταρ [Refs 6th c.BC+]; especially of a relish, κάρδαμον μόνον [Refs 6th c.BC+]: metaphorically, ἐ. τῷ φάγοις ἥδιστ᾽ ἄ; ἐ. βαλλαντί; [Refs] live on turnips, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __B.I.1.f. of position, after,behind, of soldiers, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.I.1.g. in dependence upon, in the power of, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. τινί ἐστι it is in his power to do, c.infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. τῷ πλήθει in their hands, [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc., as far as is in my power, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. τοῖς υἱάσι their property, [Refs] __B.I.1.h. according to, ἐ. τοῖς νόμοις Legal cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+] codices (Lyric poetry). __B.I.1.i. of condition or circumstances in which one is, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ αὐτοφώρῳ λαβεῖν, see at {αὐτόφωρος}; also ἐ. τῷ δείπνῳ at dinner, [Refs 6th c.BC+] (anapaest meter). __B.I.1.k. Geometry texts, of the point, etc., at which letters are written, κέντρον ἐφ᾽ ᾧ K Hippocr. cited in [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.I.2. with Verbs of Motion: __B.I.2.a. where the sense of motion merges in that of support, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἱστὸν ἔστησεν ἐ. [Refs]; δυσφόρους ἐπ᾽ ὄμμασι γνώμας [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc. __B.I.2.b. in pregnant construction, πέτονται ἐπ᾽ ἄνθεσιν fly on to the flowers and settle there, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἦλθε δ᾽ [Refs]. __B.I.2.c. rarely for εἰς c.accusative, [Refs]. __B.I.2.d. in hostile sense, upon or against, ἐ. τινι ἔχειν, ἰθύνειν ἵππους, [Refs 8th c.BC+] (Teos, 5th c.BC). __B.II. of Time, rarely, and never in good Attic dialect, except in sense of succession (below 2), ἐ. νυκτί by night, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ἤματι τῷδε on this very day, [Refs 8th c.BC+] for to-day, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __B.II.2. of succession, after, ἕκτῃ ἐ. δέκα on the [Refs 4th c.BC+]; πρὸ τῆς ἕκτης ἐ. δέκα [Refs] Latin re peracta, [Refs 5th c.BC+], τὰ ἐ. τούτοισι, = Latin quod superest, [Refs 5th c.BC+] (Lyric poetry), etc. __B.II.3. in the time of (compare [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.III. in various causal senses: __B.III.1. of the occasion or cause, τετεύξεται ἄλγε᾽ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῇ for her, [Refs 8th c.BC+] for thee, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; μέγα φρονεῖν ἐ. τινι to be proud at or of a thing, [Refs 6th c.BC+]; also ἐφ᾽ αἵματι φεύγειν to be tried on a capital charge, [Refs 6th c.BC+], etc.: in adverbial phrases [δικάσσαι] ἐπ᾽ ἀρωγῇ with favour, [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.; ἐ.κακουργίᾳ καὶ οὐκ ἀρετῇ for malice, [with.. , 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus Mem. 2.1.18, cf. NT.Rom.4.18; ἐφ᾽ ἑκατέροις">NT+5th c.BC+] in both cases, [Refs 6th c.BC+] (Lyric poetry); ἐ. τῇ πάσῃ συκοφαντίᾳ καὶ διασεισμῷ Mitteis [Refs 2nd c.BC+] __B.III.2. of an end or purpose, [Refs 8th c.BC+] for supper, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δῆσαι ἐ. θανάτῳ or τὴν ἐ. θανάτῳ, [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ἐξαγωγῇ for exportation, [Refs 5th c.BC+] with a view to gaining.. , [Refs 6th c.BC+] __B.III.3. of the condition upon which a thing is done, ἐ. τούτοισι on these terms, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. τούτῳ, ἐπ᾽ ᾧτε on condition that.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+] followed by infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+] (but ἐφ᾽ ᾧ = wherefore, NT.Rom.5.12); ἐπ᾽ οὐδενί on no condition, on no account, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but, for no adequate reason, [Refs 4th c.BC+], on fair and equal terms, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; γῆμαί [Refs 6th c.BC+]; on the principle of.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+]. __B.III.4. of the price for which.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ἀργυρίῳ λέγειν, πράττειν, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; also of money lent at interest, δανείζεσθαι ἐ. τοῖς μεγάλοις τόκοις [Refs] lend at 12 per cent., [Refs], i.e. at 16 per cent., [Refs]; also of the security on which money is borrowed, [Refs]; ἐπ᾽ οἴνου [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.III.5. of names, φάος καὶ νὺξ ὀνόμασται.. [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ὄνομα καλεῖν [Refs 6th c.BC+] __B.III.6. of persons in authority, ὅς μ᾽ ἐ. βουσὶν εἷσεν who set me over the kine, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πέμπειν ἐ. τοσούτῳ [Refs 6th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐ. ταῖς καμήλοις [Refs 5th c.BC+]. __B.III.7. in possession of, possessing, [Refs 5th c.BC+]. __C. WITH Acc.: __C.I. of Place, upon or on to a height, with Verbs of Motion, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀναβιβαστέον τινά, ἀναβαίνειν ἐ. τὸν ἵππον, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐξεκυλίσθη πρηνὴς ἐ. στόμα upon his face, [Refs]; ὤμω.. ἐ. στῆθος συνοχωκότε drawn together upon his breast, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐ. κεφαλήν head-foremost, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.b. Geometry texts, αἱ ἐ. τὰς ἁφὰς ἐπιζευγνύμεναι εὐθεῖαι joining the points of contact, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]. perpendicular to (v. κάθετος). __C.I.2. to, [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.; ἐ. βωμὸν ἄγων [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐ. [Refs]: c.accusative person, [pregnant _construction_ with Verbs of Rest, ἐπιστῆναι ἐ. τὰς θύρας Plato Philosophus [{5-6th c.BC}] “Symposium” 212d; παρεῖναι ἐ. τὸν τάφον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.34, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus Cyr. 3.3.12. ">Refs 8th c.BC+] __C.I.2.b. metaphorically, ἐ. ἔργα τρέπεσθαι, ἰέναι, [Refs 8th c.BC+] codices; also ἐ. τὴν τράπεζαν ἀποδιδόναι, ὀφείλειν, pay, owe to the bank, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τὸ ἐ. τὴν τράπεζαν χρέως [Refs] to be entered under his name, [Refs] __C.I.2.c. up to, as far as (μέχρι ἐ. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐ. διηκόσια ἀποδιδόναι yield [Refs]-fold, [Refs 6th c.BC+] adjective or pronoun, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὅσσον [Refs] I am prudent enough, not to.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐ. τὸ ἔσχατον [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. μεῖζον χωρεῖν, ἔρχεσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. μακρότερον, ἐ. μακρότατον, [Refs 5th c.BC+], a little way, a little, [Refs 5th c.BC+] still more, [Refs 5th c.BC+]. __C.I.2.d. before, into the presence of (compare [Refs 4th c.BC+] (but στὰς ἐ. τὸ συνέδριον standing at the door of the council, [NT]. __C.I.2.e. in Military phrases (compare [Refs 4th c.BC+], i.e. twenty-five in file, [Refs 5th c.BC+] many in file, [Refs] codices; for ἐ. κέρας see below[Refs] __C.I.3. of the quarter or direction towards or in which a thing takes place, ἐ. δεξιά, ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερά, to the right or left, [Refs 8th c.BC+], on the longer, shorter side, [Refs 5th c.BC+] both ways, [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; ἐ. τάδε Φασήλιδος on this side, [Refs 5th c.BC+], of space, in one, two, three dimensions, [Refs 4th c.BC+], to the spear or shield side, i.e. to right or left, [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc., retire on the foot, i.e. facing the enemy, [Refs], etc., sail towards or on the wing, i.e. in column (v. [Refs], etc., with exaggeration, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. τὸ φοβερώτερον [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.4. in hostile sense, against, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; στρατεύεσθαι or -εύειν ἐ. τινα, [Refs 5th c.BC+] (Lyric poetry); πλεῖν ἐ. τοὺσ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; θύεσθαι ἐ. τινα offer sacrifice on going against.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+] to your prejudice, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __C.I.5. of extension over a space, πουλὺν ἐφ᾽ ὑγρὴν ἤλυθον over much water, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πλέων, λεύσσων ἐ. οἴνοπα πόντον, [Refs 8th c.BC+] over nine acres he lay stretched, [Refs 8th c.BC+] over so much, [Refs] over a large space, [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; frequently to be rendered on, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἵππους.. ἐ. νῶτον ἐΐσας [Refs]; ἐ. γαῖαν εἰσὶ δύω [γένη] [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also, among, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __C.II. of Time, for or during a certain time, [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.; ἐπ᾽ [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐ. χρόνον τινά, ἐ. τινα χρόνον, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐ. διετές Legal cited in [Refs 6th c.BC+]; τὸ ἐφ᾽ ἡμέραν ἀρκέσον enough for the day, [Refs 5th c.BC+] for a long time, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.II.2. up to, until a certain time, εὗδον παννύχιος [Refs 8th c.BC+]. __C.III. in various causal senses: __C.III.1. of the object or purpose for which one goes, ἀγγελίην ἔπι Τυδῆ στεῖλαν sent him for (i.e. to bring) tidings of.., [Refs 8th c.BC+] let him go for an ox, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πέμπειν εἴς τινα ἐ. στράτευμα [Refs] for (i.e. to demand) the interest, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with accusative of a Noun of Action, ἐξιέναι ἐ. θήραν go out hunting, [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἔρχεσθαι, ἵζειν ἐ. δεῖπνον, [Refs 8th c.BC+] to see the sight, [NT+2nd c.BC+] or adjective, ἐ. τοῦτο ἐλθεῖν for this purpose, [Refs 6th c.BC+], etc.; ἐ. τ; to what end? [Refs 5th c.BC+] for which purpose, [Refs 5th c.BC+] for like ends, [Refs 8th c.BC+] to a better result, [Refs 5th c.BC+] set up as God's anointed, [LXX]: after an adjective, ἄριστοι πᾶσαν [Refs 8th c.BC+] (Lyric poetry); χρήσιμος [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ὄργανα ἐ. τι [Refs] __C.III.2. so far as regards, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοὐπί σε, τὸ ἐ. σέ, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἐ. τὸ πολύ for the most part, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ πρὸς ἅπαν [Refs 3rd c.AD+]; ἐ. [Refs 3rd c.BC+]. __C.III.3. of persons set over others, ἐ. τοὺς πεζοὺς [Refs 6th c.BC+]. __C.III.4. according to, by, ἐ. στάθμην by the rule, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __D. POSITION:—ἐπί may suffer anastrophe (ἔπι) and follow its case, as in [Refs 8th c.BC+] __D.II. in Poets it is sometimes put with the second of two Nouns, though in sense it also governs the first, ἢ ἁλὸς ἢ ἐ. [Refs 8th c.BC+] __E. AB[Refs 8th c.BC+]; κτεῖνον δ᾽ ἐ. μηλοβοτῆρας as well, [Refs 8th c.BC+] and besides.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+] (Lyric poetry). __E.II. ἔπι, for ἔπεστι, there is, [Refs 8th c.BC+] there is no man.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] codices (Lyric poetry). __F. PROSODY: in ἐπιόψομαι, ι is not elided before a vowel; also in some words where σ or ϝ has been lost, as ἐπιάλμενος, ἐπιείκελος, ἐπιεικής, ἐπιέξομαι (v. [Refs] __G. IN COMPOSITION: __G.I. of Place, denoting, __G.I.1. Support or Rest upon, ἔπειμι (A), ἐπίκειμαι, ἐπικαθίζω, ἐπαυχένιος, ἐπιβώμιος, etc. __G.I.2. Motion, __G.I.2.a. upon or over, ἐπιβαίνω, ἐπιτρέχω. __G.I.2.b. to or towards, ἐπέρχομαι, ἐπιστέλλω, ἐπαρίστερος, ἐπιδέξιος. __G.I.2.c. against, [Refs], ἐπιστρατεύω, ἐπιβουλεύω. __G.I.2.d. up to a point, ἐπιτελέω. __G.I.2.e. over a place, as in ἐπαιωρέομαι, ἐπαρτάω. __G.I.2.f. over or beyond boundaries, as in ἐπινέμομαι. __G.I.2.g. implying reciprocity, as in ἐπιγαμία. __G.I.3. Extension over a surface, as in ἐπαλείφω, ἐπανθίζω, [Refs], ἐπάργυρος, ἐπίχρυσος. __G.I.4. Accumulation of one thing over or besides another, as in ἐπαγείρω, ἐπιμανθάνω, ἐπαυξάνω, ἐπιβάλλω, ἐπίκτητος. __G.I.5. Accompaniment, to, with, as in ἐπᾴδω, ἐπαυλέω, ἐπαγρυπνέω: hence of Addition, ἐπίτριτος one and 1/3 more, 1 + 1/3; so ἐπιτέταρτος, ἐπίπεμπτος, ἐπόγδοος, etc. __G.I.6. with adjectives, somewhat, slightly, as in ἐπίξανθος, ἐπίπικρος. __G.II. of Time and Sequence, after, as in ἐπιβιόω, ἐπιβλαστάνω, ἐπιγίγνομαι, [Refs]. __G.III. in causal senses: __G.III.1. Superiority felt over or at, as in ἐπιχαίρω, ἐπιγελάω, ἐπαισχύνομαι. __G.III.2. Authority over, as in ἐπικρατέω, ἔπαρχος, ἐπιβουκόλος, ἐπιποιμήν. __G.III.3. Motive for, as in ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιζήμιος, ἐπιθάνατος. __G.III.4. to give force or intensity to the Verb, as in ἐπαινέω, ἐπιμέμφομαι, ἐπικείρω, ἐπικλάω.