ἔχω ; fut. ἕξω ; impf. εἶχον, [1 pers. plur. εἴχαμεν, 2 Jn. ἔχω 266 5 T Tr WH], 8 pers. plur. εἶχαν (Mk. viii. 7 L T Tr WH; Rey. ix. 8 LT Tr WH; but ef. [ Soph. Lex., Intr. p. 38; Tdf. Proleg. p. 123; WH. App. p. 165]; B. 40 (35)) and εἴχοσαν (LT Tr WH in Jn. xv. 22, 24; but ef. Bitm. in Theol. Stud. u. Krit. 1858, pp. 485 sqq. 491; see his N. T. Gr. p. 43 (37); [Soph. Lex., Intr. p. 39; Τὰ Proleg. p. 124; WH. App. p. 165; ef. δολεόω ]) ; pres. mid. ptep. ἐχόμενος ; to have,—with 2 aor. act. ἔσχον; pf. ἔσχηκα; I. Transitively. have (hold) in the hand: τὶ ἐν τῇ χειρί, Rev. i. 16; vi. 5; x. 2; xvii. 4; and simply, Rev. v. 8; viii. 3, 6; xiv. 6, ete.; Heb. viii. 3. Ὁ. in the sense of wearing (Lat. gestare) ; of garments, arms and the like: τὸ ἔνδυμα, Mt. iii. 4; xxii. 12; κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων, sc. τί, having a covering hanging down from the head, i.e. having the head covered [B. $130, 5; W. § 47, k. ef. 594 (552)], 1 Co. xi. 4; θώρακας, Rev. ix. 17; μάχαιραν, Jn. xviii. 10; add, Mt. xxvi. 7; Mk. xiv. 3; of a tree having (bearing) leaves, Mk. xi. 13; ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν, sc. ἔμβρυον, to be pregnant [ef. W. 594 (552); B. 144 (126)], (see γαστήρ, 2). μαρτυρίαν, 1 Jn. v.10; ἐν καρδίᾳ ἔχειν τινά, to have (carry) one in one’s heart, to love one constantly, Phil.i. 7. ὁ. trop. to have (hold) possession of the mind ; said of alarm, agitating emotions, etc.: εἶχεν αὐτὰς τρόμος κ. ἔκστασις, Mk. xvi. 8 (Job xxi. 6; Is. xiii. 8, and often in prof. auth.; cf. Passow 8. v. p. 1294 sq.; [L. and S.s. v. A. I. 87). ἃἅ. to hold fast, keep: ἡ μνᾶ cov, ἣν εἶχον ἀποκειμένην ἐν σουδαρίῳ, Lk. xix. 20; trop. τὸν θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, Ro. i. 28; to keep in mind, τὰς ἐντολάς, Jn. xiv. 21 (see ἐντολή, sub fin.) ; τὴν μαρτυρίαν, Rev. vi. 9; xii. 17; xix. 10; τὸ μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει, 1 Tim. iii. 9; ὑποτύπωσιν ὑγιαινόντων λόγων, 2 Tim. i. 18. 6. to have (in itself or as a consequence), comprise, involve: ἔργον, Jas. i. 4; ii. 17; κόλασιν, 1 Jn. iv. 18; μισθαποδοσίαν, Heb. x. 385 (Sap. viii. 16). See exx. fr. Grk. auth. in Passow s. v. p. 1296 sq.; [L. and S. s. v. A.I.8and 10]. f. by a Latinism i. q. aestimo, to regard, consider, hold as, [but this sense is still denied by Meyer, on Lk. as below; Mt. xiv. 5]: τινά w. ace. of the predicate, ἔχε με παρῃτημένον, have me excused, Lk. xiv. 18; τινὰ ὡς προφήτην, Mt. xiv. 5; xxi. 26, (ἔχειν Tavyqy x. ᾿Ιαμβρῆν ὡς θεούς, Ev. Nicod. 5) ; τινὰ ἔντιμον (see ἔντιμος), Phil. ii. 29; τὴν ψυχήν μου [G om. μου] τιμίαν ἐμαυτῷ, Acts xx. 24 RG; τινὰ εἰς προφήτην (a Hebraism [see εἰς, B. I. 3c.y. fin.]), for a prophet, Mt. xxi.46 L T Tr WH, cf. B. § 131, 7; τινά, ὅτι ὄντως [T Tr WH ὄντως, ὅτι ete. | προφήτης ἦν, ΜΚ. xi. 32, cf. B. § 151, 1 a.; [W. § 66, 5 a.]. 2. to have 1. 4. to own, possess; 8. external things such as pertain to property, riches, furniture, utensils, goods, food, ete.: as τὸν βίον, Lk. xxi. 4; 1 Jn. iii. 17; κτήματα, Mt. xix. 22; Mk. x. 22; θησαυρόν, Mt. xix. 21; Mk. x. 21; ἀγαθά, Lk. xii. 19; πρόβατα, Lk. xv. 4; Jn. x. 16; δραχμάς, Lk. xv. 8; πλοῖα, Rey. xviii. 19; κληρονομίαν, Eph. v. 5; [ef. Mt. xxi. 38 LT Tr WH, where R G κατάσχωμεν᾽ ; μέρος foll. by ἐν w. dat. of the thing, Rev. xx. 6; θυσιαστήριον, Heb. xiii. 10; ὅσα ἔχεις, Mk. x. 21; xii. 1. to have i. q. to hold; a. to Metaph. ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἔχειν τὸ ἀπόκριμα, 2 Co. 1. 95 τὴν » EX@ 44; Mt. xiii, 44, 46; xviii. 25; μηδέν, 2 Co. vi. 10; τί δὲ ἔχεις, 6 etc. 1 Co. iv. 7; with a pred. ace. added, εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά, Acts ii. 44; absol. ἔχειν, fo have property, to be rich: οὐκ and μὴ ἔχειν [A. V. to have not], to be destitute, be poor, Mt. xiii. 12; xxv. 29; Mk. iv. 25; Lk. viii. 18; xix. 26; 1 Co. xi. 22; 2 Co. viii. 12, (Neh. viii. 10; 1 Esdr. ix. 51, 54; Sir. xiii. 5; exx. fr. Grk. auth. in Passow 8. y. p. 1295"; [L. and S. s.v. A. I. 1; cf. W. 594 (552) ]); ἐκ rod ἔχειν, in proportion to your means [see ἐκ, II. 13 fin.], 2 Co. viii. 11. b. Under the head of possession belongs the phrase ἔχειν τινά as commonly used of those joined to any one by the bonds of nature, blood, marriage, friendship, duty, law, compact, and the like: πατέρα, Jn. viii. 41; ἀδελφούς, Lk. xvi. 28; ἄνδρα (a husband), Jn. iv. 17 sq.; Gal. iv. 27; γυναῖκα, 1 Co. vii. 2,12 sq. 29; τέκνα, Mt. xxi. 28; xxii. 24; 1 Tim. iii. 4; Tit.i.6; υἱούς, Gal. iv. 22; σπέρμα, offspring, Mt. xxii. 25; χήρας, 1 Tim. v. 16; ἀσθενοῦντας, Lk. iv. 40; φίλον, Lk. xi. 5; παιδαγωγούς. 1 Co. iv. 15; ἔχειν κύριον, to have (be subject to) a master, Col. iv. 1; δεσπότην, 1 Tim. vi. 2; βασιλέα, Jn. xix.15; with ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτῶν added, Rey. ix. 11; ἔχει τὸν κρίνοντα αὐτόν, Jn. xii. 48; ἔχειν οἰκονόμον, Lk. xvi. 1; δοῦλον, Lk. xvii. 7; ἀρχιερέα, Heb. iv. 14; viii. 1; ποιμένα, Mt. ix. 36; ἔχων ὑπ᾽ ἐμαυτὸν στρατιώτας, Lk. vii. 8; ἔχειν τὸν υἱὸν x. τὸν πατέρα, to be in living union with the Son (Christ) and the Father by faith, knowledge, profession, 1 Jn. ii. 23; (v.12); 2Jn.9. With two accusatives, one of which serves as a predicate: πατέρα τὸν ᾿Αβραάμ, Abraham for our father, Mt. iii. 9; add, Acts xiii. 5; Phil. iii. 17; Heb. xii. 9; ἔχειν τινὰ γυναῖκα, to have (use) a woman (unlawfully) as a wife, Mt. xiv. 4; Mk. vi. 18; 1 Co. v. 1 [where see Meyer], (of lawful marriage, Xen. Cyr. 1,5,4). σα. of attendance or companionship: ἔχειν τινὰ μεθ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ, Mt. xv. 30; xxvi. 11; Mk. ii. 19; xiv. 7; Jn. xii. 8. d. ἔχειν τι to have athing in readiness, have at hand, have in store: οὐκ ἔχομεν εἰ μὴ πέντε ἄρτους, Mt. xiv. 17; add, xv. 34; Jn. ii. 3 [ποὺ Tdf.]; iv. 11; xii. 35; 1 Co. xi. 22; xiv. 26; οὐκ ἔχω, ὃ παμαθήσω αὐτῷ, Lk. xi. 6; ποῦ συνάξω τοὺς καρπούς pou, Lk. xii. 17; τί (cf. Β. § 139, 58) φάγωσι, Mk. viii. 1 sq.; ἔχειν τινά, to have one at hand, be able to make use of : Maicéak. τ. προφήτας, Lk. xvi. 29; παράκλητον, 1 Jn. ii. 1; μάρτυρας, Heb. xii. 1; οὐδένα ἔχω ete. Phil. ii. 20; ἄνθρωπον, ἵνα οἴο. Jn. ν. 7. 6. a person or thing is said ἔχειν those things which are its parts or are members of his body: as χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς, Mt. xviii. 8 sq.; Mk. ix. 48, 45,47; οὖς, Rey. 11. 7, 11, ete.; dra, Mt. xi. 15; Mk. vii. 16 [T WH om. Tr br. the ν 8.7; viii. 18; μέλη, Ro. xii. 4; 1 Co. xii. 12; σάρκα x. ὀστέα, Lk. xxiv. 39; ἀκροβυστίαν, Acts xi. 3; an animal is said ἔχειν head, horns, wings, ete.: Rev. iv. 7 sq.; v. 6; viii. 9; ix. 8 sqq.; xii. 3, ete.; a house, city, or wall, ἔχειν θεμελίους, Heb. xi. 10; Rev. xxi. 14; στάσιν, Heb. ix. 8; [add ἐπιστολὴν ἔχουσαν (RG περιέχ.) τὸν τύπον τοῦτον, Acts xxiii. 251. f. one is said to have the diseases or other ills with which he is affected or afflicted: μάστιγας, Mk. iii. 10; ἀσθενείας, Acts xxviii. 9; wounds, Rey. xiii. 14; θλίψιν, Jn. xvi. 33; 1 Co. vii. 28; Rey. ii. 10. Here belong the expressions δαιμόνιον ἔχειν, to be possessed by a demon, Mt. xi. 18; Lk. vii. 33 ; viii. 27; ὅπ. vii. 20; viii. 48 sq. 52; x. 20; Βεελζεβούλ, Mk. iii. 22; πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον, Mk. iii. 30; vii. 25; Lk. iv. 33; Acts viii. 7; πνεῦμα πονηρόν, Acts xix. 13; πνεῦμα ἐσθεveias, i.e. ademon causing infirmity, Lk. xiii. 11; πνεῦμα,

ἔχω echō 708x

pluperfect., ἐσχήκειν, to hold, Rev. 1:16; to seize, possess a person, Mk. 16:8; to have, possess, Mt. 7:29, et al. freq.; to have, have ready, be furnished with, Mt. 5:23; Jn. 5:36; 6:68; to have as a matter of crimination, Mt. 5:23; Mk. 11:25; to have at command, Mt. 27:65; to have the power, be able, Mt. 18:25; Lk. 14:14; Acts 4:14; to have in marriage, Mt. 14:4; to have, be affected by, subjected to, Mt. 3:14; 12:10; Mk. 3:10; Jn. 12:48; 15:22, 24; 16:21, 22; Acts 23:29; 1 Tim. 5:12; Heb. 7:28; 1 Jn. 1:8; 4:18; χάραν ἔχειν, to feel gratitude, be thankful, 1 Tim. 1:12; 2 Tim. 1:3; Phlm. 7; to hold, esteem, regard, Mt. 14:5; Lk. 14:18, 19; to have or hold as an object of knowledge, faith, or practice, Jn. 5:38, 42; 14:21; 1 Jn. 5:12; 2 Jn. 9; to hold on in entire possession, to retain, Rom. 15:4; 2 Tim. 1:13; Heb. 12:28; intrans. with adverbs or adverbial expression, to be, to fare, Mt. 9:12; Mk. 2:17; 5:23; Lk. 5:31; Jn. 4:52; Acts 7:1; 12:15; 15:36; 21:13; 2 Cor. 10:6; 12:14; 1 Tim. 5:25; 1 Pet. 4:5; τὸ νῦν ἔχον, for the present; in NT ἔχειν ἐν γαστρί, to be pregnant, Mt. 1:18; as also ἔχειν κοίτην, Rom. 9:10; ἔχειν δαιμόνιον, to be possessed, Mt. 11:18; of time, to have continued, to have lived, Jn. 5:5, 6; 8:57; of space, to embrace, be distant, Acts 1:12; mid. pr. to hold by, cling to; hence, to border upon, be next, Mk. 1:38; Lk. 13:33; Acts 20:15; 21:26; to tend immediately to, Heb. 6:9

ἔχω,

[in LXX for אָצֵל (ἐχόμενος), בַּעַל, יֵשׁ, etc., 59 words in all;] (on the Aktionsart of the various tenses, v. M, Pr., 110, 145, 150, 183),

to have, as in cl., in various senses and constructions. Trans.; to have, hold, hold fast, etc.; to hold, as, in the hand: Re 5:8 14:6, al.; ἐν τ. χειρί, Re 1:16 10:2, al.;

of arms and clothing, = φέρω, φορέω, to bear, wear: Mt 3:4 22:12, al.; so freq. pres. ptcp. (LS, s.v., A, I, 6; Bl., § 74, 2), Mk 11:13, Jo 18:10, Re 9:17, al.;

of a woman, ἐν γαστρὶ ἔ (κοίτην ἔ.), to be with child: Mk 13:17, Ro 9:10;

to hold fast, keep: Lk 19:20; metaph., of the mind and conduct, Mk 16:8 (cf. Jb 21:6, Is 13:8; Deiss., BS, 293; Field, Notes, 44 f.), Jo 14:21, Ro 1:28, I Ti 3:9, II Ti 1:13, Re 6:9, al.;

to involve: He 10:35(LXX), Ja 1:4, I Jo 4:18;

= Lat. habere (Bl., § 34, 5; 73, 5), to hold, consider: c. acc. et predic. ptcp., Lk 14:18; c. acc., seq. ὡς, Mt 14:5; εἰς (Hebraism), Mt 21:46; on (Bl., § 70, 2), Mk 11:32.

to have, possess; in general, c. acc. rei: Mt 19:22, Mk 10:22, Lk 12:19, Jo 10:16, I Co 11:22, al.; of wealth or poverty, absol., ἔχειν (neg. οὐκ, μή), Mt 13:12 25:29, II Co 8:12; ἐκ τ. ἔχειν, according to your means, II Co 8:11;

of relationship, association, etc.: πατέρα, Jo 8:41; γυναῖκα (MM, xiv), I Co 7:2; φίλον, Lk 11:5; βασιλέα, Jo 19:15; ποιμένα, Mt 9:36; c. dupl. acc., Mt 3:9, al.;

of parts or members: ὦτα, Mt 19:15; μέλη, Ro 12:4; θεμελίους,

c. acc., as periphrasis of verb: μνεῖαν ἔ. (= μεμνῆσθαι), I Th 3:6; ἀγάπην, Jo 13:35; γνῶσιν, I Co 8:1; πεποίθησιν, II Co 3:4; θλίψιν, Jo 16:33, etc. (Thayer, s.v., I, 2, f., g.);

of duty, necessity, etc.: ἀνάγκην, I Co 7:37; νόμον, Jo 19:7; ἐπιταγήν, I Co 7:25; ἀγῶνα, Phl 1:30; κρίμα, I Ti 5:12;

of complaints and disputes; κατά, c. gen. pers., Mt 5:23, Mk 11:25; id. seq. ὅτι, Re 2:4, 20; c. acc. seq. πρός, Ac 24:19, al.;

c. inf., (cl.) to be able (Field, Notes, 14): Mt 18:25, Mk 14:8 (sc. ποιῆσαι), Lk 12:4, Ac 4:14, al;

of necessity (Bl., § 69, 4): Lk 12:50, Ac 23:17-19 28:19.

Intrans. (Bl., § 53, 1), to be in a certain condition: ἑτοίμως ἔ., c. inf., Ac 21:13, II Co 12:14; ἐσχάτως (q.v.), Mk 5:23; κακῶς, to be ill, Mt 4:24, al.; καλῶς, Mk 16:[18]; κομψότερον, Jo 4:52; πῶς, Ac 15:36; impers., ἄλλως ἔχει, it is otherwise, I Ti 5:25; οὕτως, Ac 7:1, al.; τὸ νῦν ἔχον, as things now are (To 7:11), Ac 24:25.

Mid., -ομαι, to hold oneself fast, hold on or cling to, be next to: c. gen., τ. ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας, He 6:9 (Rendall, in l.); ptcp., ὁ ἐχόμενος, near, next: of place, Mk 1:38; of time, τ. ἐχομένῃ (ἡμέρα, expressed or understood), Lk 13:33, Ac 20:15 21:26; (σαββάτῳ), Ac 13:44. (Cf. ἀν-, προσ-αν-, ἀντ-, ἀπ-, ἐν-, ἐπ-, κατ-, μετ-, παρ-, περι-, προ-, προσ-, συν-, ὑπερ-, ὑπ-έχω.)

ἔχω. It may be well to illustrate some of the less usual forms of this common verb. The future σχήσω (cf. Kithner-Blass Gr. 1. ii. p. 112 n.8) is restored by the editor in OGZS 751° (ii/ B.C.) ἐπεὶ θλιβέντες ἐμ πλείοσιν ἀσθενῶς [σχή]σετε. For the 2 aor. with 1 aor. termination (cf. Ac 757 D συνἐσχαν) see BGU 11. 4518 (i/ii A.D.) ἀναγκαίως ἔσχαμεν δ[ι7᾽ ἐπιστολῆς σε ἀσπάσεσθαι, and for ἔσχοσαν cf. OG/S 315°" (B.C. 164-159) ὑφοψίαν μοχθηράν, ἣν Kal περὶ Tod ἀδελφοῦ ἔσχοσαν. In 20. 2237 (iii/B.c.) we have αὐτοὶ ἀπολογισάμενοι περί τε τῆς εὐνοίας ἣν διὰ παντὸς εἰσχήκατε εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν οἰκίαν, and for similar forms see the editor's note ® to 2b. 323. For the trans. use of the verb see such passages as P Oxy IV. 743!® (B.c. 2) εἰ καὶ m[p]ds ἄλλους εἶχον πρᾶγμα, βοηθὸν αὐτοῦ γ[εἸνέσθαι διὰ ἣν ἔχομε(ν) πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς φιλίαν, BGU I. 228(a.p. 114) (= «ϑελδείζογις, p. 74), which illustrate 1 Cor 64: P Leid U 3?° (1st half ii/B.c.) τέλος ἔχει πάντα παρὲξ τῆς ἐπιγραφῆς, as in Lk 2257: and P Petr III. 42 ἃ οἵ (mid. 11.8.6.) ἐϊάν τινος χρείαν ἔχηις, as in Mt 91*. With the metaphorical usage in Mk 168, cf. P Giss I. 65 αὐ πα]ρακαλῶ σε, κύριέ μου, εἰδότα τ[ὴ]ν [ἔϊχουσάν με συμφορὰν ἀπολῦσαί pou. κτὰλ., and BGU II. 3801δ (iii/a.p.) (= Se/ections, p. 105) οὐδὲν περισότε[ρ]ον ἔχι σε, “there is nothing so much the matter with you,” followed by—el δὲ οἷδες σατῷ, ὅτι ἔχεις ἔτι, γράψον μοι, ‘ but if you yourself know that matters are still not going well with you, write to me.” In BGU I. 335 (ii/iii A.D.) ἐγὼ γὰρ ἐμαυτὸν οὐκ ἔχω εἰ μὴ περαιωθῇ τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο, the verb has the force of ‘‘ have rightly or really”: cf. P Oxy VII. τοζοῦ (A.D. 198-201) εἰ τὴν ἐκ τῆς ἡ[λικίας] ἔχεις βοήθιαν, where the editor translates ‘‘ if you can claim the assistance due to immature age,” and notes that ἔχεις implies ‘‘is rightly yours.” In P Lond 962 (a.p. 254 or 261) (= III. p. 210) δέξαι παρ᾽ αὐτοῦ δραχμὰς διακοσίας kal ἔχε αὐτὰς els Te περιχωματισμὸν ἢ καὶ λόγον ὀψωνίων, ἔχε-- “spend.” This might give some support to the imper. (as RV marg.) in Mt 2755, against which the durative tense is a serious objection. For the phrase γυναῖκα ἔχειν (1 Cor 7% 12) see Sy// 794 περὶ ye<u>verjs, (not ” ews ἢ as Dittenberger) ἔστα[ι] ἐκ τῆς γυναικὸς ΑΠίγλης, τῆς νῦν ἔχει, and cf. Ῥ Leid W v4.9 (ii/iii A.D.) ἐὰν θέλῃς yuvekas οὐ μὴ σχεθῆναι ὑπὸ ἄλλου ἀνδρός. The Latinism of Lk 1418. is well illustrated by P Oxy II. 2925 (¢, A.D. 25) (= Selections, p. 37) παρακαλῶ oe... ἔχειν αὐτὸν συνεστάμενον, and similarly 26. IV. 787 (a.p. 16), P Giss I. 714 (time of Hadrian). For the verb in receipts we may cite Meyer Ostv 107 (Ptol.) ἔχουμεν (7. ἔχομεν) παρὰ σοῦ τοῦ (ΛΔ τὸ) τέλος, and the much more common aor. in 24. 26% (A.D. 118) ἔσχίον) ὑπί(ἐρ) Aao(ypadlas) . . . Bs ῥυπίαρὰς) Spax(pas) : see further Wilcken Os/v i. p. 86, and Archiv i. p- 76 ff. The pres. part. mid. = ‘‘ next,” “following,” of time, is seen in P Rev Lx*%iv.20 (iii/B.c.) ἐν τ[ῶι ἐχο]μένων ἐνιαυτῶι, and is = ‘‘adjoining” of place in P Par 51° (B.C. 160) (= Selections, p. 19) ἄν]θρωπ[ος]) . . . ἐχόμενός pov, and P Tebt I. 86 (late ii/B.c.) where the land of Demetrius is βορρᾶ ἐχομένη to that of Apollonius and νότου ἐχομένη to that of Hermione: see the editors’ Introd. p. 381. For ἐχόμενα used adverbially = ‘‘hard by,” ‘‘near,” as in Judg 97, see PSI V. 5148 (B.c. 252-1) εὐθέως δὲ τούτων ἐχόμενα κατάπεμψον τὰ ἐπισταλέντα εἰς τὰ γενέθλια τοῦ βασιλέως. For the verb used intransitively with an adverb, as in Ac 2118, 2 Cor 1215. cf. P Lond 225) (B.c. 168) (=I. p. 31) ἢ μήτηρ cov τυγχάνει βαρέως ἔχουσα, BGU I. 8017 (A.D. 158— 9) ἡ Σωτηρία ἑτοίμως ἔχουσα καταγράψαι, P Cairo Preis 455 (ii/A.D.) καλῶς δ᾽ ἔχει σε ἐνθάδε ἐλθόντα μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ μένειν, the Christian letter P Oxy VI. 939?! (iv/a.D.) (= Se/ections, p- 129) εἰ μὴ ἐπινόσως ἐσχήκει τὸ σωμάτιον τότε ὁ vids ᾿Αθανάσιος, ‘‘ unless my son Athanasius had then been in a sickly state of health,” and from the inscrr. Michel 5431" (c. B.C. 200) καλῶς ἔχον éo [tl] τιμᾶσθαι τοὺς εὔνους ἄνδρας, ib. 68744 (end iii/B.c.) ὅπως ἂν τούτων γενομένων ἔχει καλῶς καὶ εὐσεβῶς Te Bovde καὶ τῶ[ι] δήμωι τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεούς. MGr ἔχω : note ἔχει (c. acc.), ‘‘ there is,” ‘‘ there are.” Ewe. For ἕως as a conjunction followed by ἄν and the aor. subj., as in Mt 28 a/., cf. P Petr II. 40 (a)?® (iii/B.c.) ἕως ἂν ὑγιαίνοντας ὑμᾶς ἴδωμεν, P Oxy VIII. 11247 (A.D. 26) ἕ]ω[ς ἂν τὸ ἀπότακτο[ν] κομίσηται. Av is omitted in such passages as P Grenf II. 3818 (mid. i/B.c.) γράψον μοι περὶ τοῦ μὴ λογεύιν, ἕως καταβῆις, P Oxy III. 531° (ii/A.D.) ἕως é ἀγαθῷ πρὸς σὲ παραγένομαι (/.—wpat), 2. VIII. 112515 (ii/A.D.) ἕως τὰ ὀφειλόμενα κομίσωνται : cf. Mk 1455 al., and on the NT usage generally see further Blass G”. p- 219, also Pro/eg. p. 168f. In P Oxy VIII. 11597 (late iii/A.D.) €ac[o]v δὲ παρ᾽ αὐτοῖς τὰ σύνεργα ἕως πέμψω τὰ ἀναλώματα, ‘‘leave the tools with them until I send the expenses” (Ed.), we may perhaps have the fut. ind., as in Lk 13°5AD, but the aor. subj. is more probable. In P Fay r18!2 (A.D. 110) πορεύου εἰς AtoyvordSa . . ἕως τὸν ἐκῖ ἐλαιῶνα ποτίσῃς, ἕως appears to have a final force (= ὡς). For the later prepositional usage of ἕως with gen. of place, see P Tebt I. 335 (B.c. 112) (= Selections, p. 30) ἀνάπλουν ἕως τοῦ ᾿Αρσι(νοΐτου) νο(μοῦ) ἐπὶ θεωρίαν ποιούμενος, «ἐ τη κίπρ the voyage as far as the Arsinoite nome to see the sights,” and with gen. of time see BGU IV. 11288 (B.c. 14) ἕως τοῦ προκ(ειμένου) xpd(vov) and OG/S gol® (Rosetta stone—B.C. 196) ἕως Tod πρώτου ἔτους ἐπὶ Tod πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἕως 271 ἕως = ‘‘usque ad primum Ptolemaei Philopatoris annum” | our cattle” (Edd.), and with ἕως τοῦ νῦν in Mt 245), cf. (Ed.): cf. also 24. 2262° (iii/n.c.) paxodpar [ὑπὲρ alitod | BGU IV. 1197° (B.C. 4) ot σοι] προΞς[τ]άται ἕως τοῦ νῦν καὶ —[v] πραγμάτων τῶν ἐκείνου ἕως ζωῆς καὶ θανάτου (cf. ἀπὸ] τοῦ ἐννεακαιδεκ[άτου] ἔτους [Ka ]icapos οὐκ ἔδωκαν Mk 1.433), with the editor’s note. With ἕως τούτου in Lk ἡμῖν. The supposed ‘* Hebraism” in ἕως πότε (Mk 915) is 2251, cf. P Tebt I. 567 (late ii/B.c.) οὐκ ἔχομεν ἕως τῆς | discussed by Moulton in Cambridge Biblical Essays, p. τροφῆς τῶν κτηνῶν ἡμῶν, “we have not so much as food for | 473 f. 7.

ἔχω (echō) — to have/be. ἔχω,

__A2nd pers. singular ἔχεισθα conjecture in [Refs 7th c.BC+]; 2nd pers. singular subjunctive ἔχῃσθα [Refs 8th c.BC+]imperfect εἶχον, Epic dialect ἔχον [Refs 8th c.BC+], Ionic dialect and poetry ἔχεσκον [Refs 8th c.BC+]future ἕξω, Epic dialect infinitive ἑξέμεναι [Refs 3rd c.BC+] (of momentary action, especially in sense check, see below [Refs 4th c.BC+], not found in Attic dialect Inscrr. or [Refs]; 2nd pers. singular σχήσησθα [Refs]aorist 1 ἔσχης α falsa lectio in [Refs 3rd c.AD+]aorist 2 ἔσχον, imperative σχές [Refs 5th c.BC+] only in Oracle texts cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; subjunctive σχῶ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; 3rd.pers. plural σχοίησαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; infinitive σχεῖν [Refs 8th c.BC+], Epic dialect σχέμεν [Refs] (in Alexandr. Gr. 3rd.pers. plural imperfect and aorist 2 εἴχοσαν [NT+3rd c.BC+], see at {Σχέθω}: perfect ἔσχηκα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect ὄχωκα is uncertain, see at {συνόχωκα}:—middle, imperfect εἰχόμην [Refs 5th c.BC+]: future ἕξομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; σχήσομαι[Refs 5th c.BC+]perfect passive παρ-έσχημαι in middle sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist 2 ἐσχόμην [Refs 8th c.BC+], rare in Attic dialect except in compounds; imperative σχέο [Refs 8th c.BC+]lon947, etc.; infinitive σχέσθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+] —passive, future middle ἐν-έξομαι in passive sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+], frequently in compounds (συ-) [Refs 1st c.BC+]: aorist 1 ἐσχέθην [Refs 5th c.BC+]future middle σχήσομαι in passive sense, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: aorist 2 middle in passive sense, ἐσχόμην [Refs 8th c.BC+], participle σχόμενος [Refs 8th c.BC+]: perfect ἔσχημαι [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; also in compounds, frequently written -ίσχημαι, -ήσχημαι in codices of late authors. (I.-[Refs 5th c.BC+] seĝh- (cf. Sanskrit sáhate 'overpower', Gothic sigis 'victory', Gr. ἔχ- dissimilated from ἔχ-), reduced form sĝh-(σχ-), whence reduplicate ἴσχω (= si-sĝh-o) (which see): compare ἕκ-τωρ, ἕξω, ἕξι; but hέχ- [Refs] __A Trans., have, hold: __A.I possess, of property, the most common usage, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἵ τι ἔχοντες the propertied class, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ἔχων a wealthy man, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ οὐκ ἔχοντες the poor, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχειν χρέα to have debts due to one, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; to have received, θεῶν ἄπο κάλλος ἐ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πλέον, ἔλασσον ἔ.. (see. Hymns of vv.): in aorist, acquire, get, ὄνομα [Refs 5th c.BC+]: also future σχήσω, δύναμιν [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, to be possessed, ἔντεα.. μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἔχονται [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.I.2 keep, have charge of, ἔχον πατρώϊα ἔργα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; διαιτητῶν ἐχόντων τὰς δίκας having control of, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; to be engaged in, φυλακὰς ἔχον kept watch, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; σκοπιὴν ἔ. τινός for a thing, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν χερσὶν ἔ. τι (see. χείρ). __A.I.2.b metaphorically, of a patient, οὐκ ἔχει ἑωυτόν is not himself, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.3 with accusative loci, inhabit, οὐρανόν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; haunt, [Νύμφαι] ἔχουσ᾽ ὀρέων αἰπεινὰ κάρηνα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; especially of tutelary gods and heroes, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of men, πόλιν καὶ γαῖαν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Θήβας ἔσχον (ἔσχεν codices) ruled it, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχεις γὰρ χῶρον occupiest it, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; in military sense, ἔ. τὸ δεξιόν (with or without κέρας) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of beasts, τὰ ὄρη ἔ. [Refs] __A.I.4 have to wife or as husband (usually without γυναῖκα, ἄνδρα), οὕνεκ᾽ ἔχεις Ἑλένην καί σφιν γαμβρὸς Διός ἐσσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also of a lover, [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—in passive, τοῦ περ θυγάτηρ ἔχεθ᾽ Ἕκτορι [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.I.5 have in one's house, entertain, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.I.6 present participle with Verbs, almost, = with, ἤϊε ἔχων ταῦτα [Refs 5th c.BC+] —Prose use. __A.I.7 of Place, ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερὰ ἔ. τι keep it on one's left, i.e. to keep to the right of it, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν δεξιᾷ, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἔ., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοὺς οἰκέτας ὑστάτους ἔ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]: but in aorist, get, περιπλώοντες τὴν Λιβύην τὸν ἥλιον ἔσχον ἐς τὰ δεξιά [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.8 of Habits, States, or Conditions, bodily or mental, γῆρας λυγρὸν ἔ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὕβριν ἔ. indulge in.., [Refs], etc.; [Ἀφροδίτην[Refs 8th c.BC+]; κότον ἔ. τινί, ={κοτεῖσθαι},[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡσυχίην ἔ. keep quiet, [Refs 5th c.BC+] (future ἡσυχίαν ἕξειν [Refs 4th c.BC+] will not keep still for a moment, [Refs]; αἰτίαν ἔ. to be accused, [Refs 5th c.BC+]aorist, of entering upon a state, ἔσχεν χόλον conceived anger, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχειν τι κατά τινος have something against somebody, [NT]: —these phrases are frequently inverted, οὓς ἔχε γῆρας [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also of external objects, αἴθρη ἔχει κορυφήν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔχῃ βέλος ὀξὺ γυναῖκα, of a woman in travail, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; λόγος ἔχει τινά with infinitive, the story goes, that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; and so in later Gr., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἂν λόγος ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους, ὅτι.. [Refs 1st c.AD+]:—passive, ἔχεσθαι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.I.9 possess mentally, understand, ἵππων δμῆσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔχεις τ; do you understand? [Refs 5th c.BC+] attend! listen! [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔ. οὖν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχεις τοῦτο ἰσχυρῶ; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; know of a thing, μαντικῆς ὁδόν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τινὰ σωτηρία; [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.10 keep up, maintain, καναχὴν ἔχε made a rattling noise, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.I.11 involve, admit of, τά γ᾽ αἰσχρὰ κἀνθάδ᾽ αἰσχύνην ἔχει [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀγανάκτησιν, κατάμεμψιν, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.12 of Measure or Value, τὸ Δαμαρέτειον.. εἶχε Ἀττικὰς δραχμὰς δέκα [Refs 2nd c.BC+] __A.I.12.b Geometry texts, ἡ ἔχουσα τὰ κέντρα the (straight line) containing the centres, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ὁ κύκλος ἔχων τὸ πολύγωνον the circle containing (circumscribing) the polygon, [Refs] __A.I.13 with doubleaccusative, Ὀρφέα ἄνακτ᾽ ἔχειν [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II hold: __A.II.1 hold, ἔ. χερσίν, ἐν χερσίν, μετὰ χερσίν, etc., see at {χεί; μετὰ γαμφηλῇσιν ἔ}. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὑψοῦ, πασάων ὑπέρ, ὄπιθεν κάρη ἔ.,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔ. τινί τι to hold it for him, as his helper, [Refs]; uphold, οὐρανὸν.. κεφαλῇ τε καὶ ἀκαμάτῃσι χέρεσσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔχει δέ τε κίονας of Atlas, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.II.2 hold fast, χειρὸς ἔχων Μενέλαον holding him by the hand, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔ. τινὰ μέσον grip one by the middle, of wrestlers, [Refs 5th c.BC+] keep in one's mind, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.II.3 of arms and clothes, bear, wear, εἷμα δ᾽ ἔχ᾽ ἀμφ᾽ ὤμοισι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πολιὰς ἔχω I am grey-haired, [Refs 4th c.BC+]: absolutely, as a category, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.II.4 of a woman, to be pregnant, [Refs 5th c.BC+].ιγ. __A.II.4.b παῖδα ἔσχεν she had, i.e. bore, a child, [Refs 1st c.BC+] __A.II.5 support, sustain, especially an attack, with accusative person, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.II.6 hold fast, keep close, ὀχῆες εἶχον [πύλας[Refs] __A.II.7 enclose, φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of places, contain, θηρῶν οὓς ὅδ᾽ ἔχει χῶρος [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.II.8 hold or keep in a certain direction, ὀϊστὸν ἔχε aimed it, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of horses or ships, guide, drive, steer, πεδίονδ᾽ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους [Refs 8th c.BC+] that way he held his course, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Πύλονδ᾽ ἔχον I held on to Pylos, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also (especially in future σχήσω, aorist 2 ἔσχον), put in, land, νέες ἔσχον ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα χώρην [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς Φειάν, τῷ Δήλῳ, κατὰ τὸ Ποσειδώνιον, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποῖ σχήσειν δοκεῖ; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχε.. ἀρὰν ἐπ᾽ ἄλλοις point it against others, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὄμμ᾽ ἔ. to turn or keep one's eye fixed, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δεῦρο νοῦν ἔχε attend to this, [Refs]; πρός τινα or πρός τι τὸν νοῦν ἔ., [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.9 hold in, stay, keep back, ἵππους [Refs 8th c.BC+]; check, stop, [τινα] [Refs 8th c.BC+]; χεῖρας ἔχων Ἀχιλῆος holding his hands, [Refs]; but οὐ σχήσει χεῖρας will not stay his hands, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔ. ὀδύνας allay, assuage them, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; στόμα σῖγα, ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πόδα ἔξω or ἐκτός τινος ἔχειν, see at {πούς}:—passive, οὖρα σχεθέντα [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __A.II.10 keep away from, with genitive of things, τινὰ ἀγοράων, νεῶν, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: c.infinitive, ἦ τινα.. σχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; stop, hinder from doing, τοῦ μὴ καταδῦναι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὥστε μή.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]: also with participle, ἔ. τινὰ βουθυτοῦντα [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.11 keep back, withhold a thing, ὅς οἱ χρήματα εἶχε βίῃ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; αὐτὸς ἔχε pray keep it, a civil form of declining, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.12 hold in guard, keep safe, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of armour, protect, [Refs] __A.II.13 with predicate, keep in a condition or place, εἶχον ἀτρέμας σφέας αὐτούς [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.14 hold, consider, τινὰ θέᾳ ἰκέλαν [NT+7th c.BC+] __A.III c.infinitive, have means or power to do, to be able, with aorist infinitive, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with present infinitive, [Refs 8th c.BC+]infinitive omitted or supplied from context, ἀλλ᾽ οὔ πως ἔτι εἶχε he could not, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἷά κ᾽ ἔχωμεν so far as we be able, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.III.b have to face, be obliged, παθεῖν [NT+2nd c.AD+] __A.III.2 after [Refs 8th c.BC+], followed by a dependent clause, I know not.., οὐκ εἶχον τίς ἂν γενοίμαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; the two constructions combined, οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν οὔτ᾽ ἀντιφωνεῖν οὔθ᾽ ὅπως.. πράξαιμεν [Refs] __A.IV impersonal with accusative, there is.. (as in Mod. Gr.), ἔχει δὲ φυλακτήριον πρὸς τὸ μή σε καταπεσεῖν [Refs] __B intransitive, hold oneself, i.e. keep, so and so, ἔχον [οὕτως], ὥς τε τάλαντα γυνή (i.e. ἔχει) kept balanced, like the scales which.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἕξω δ᾽ ὡς ὅτε τις στερεὴ λίθος I will keep unmoved, as a stone.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔγχος ἔχ᾽ ἀτρέμας it kept still, [Refs]; σχὲς οὗπερ εἶ keep where thou art, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχοντες to keep on their guard, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχε ἠρέμα keep still, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχε δή stay now, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.2 hold fast, οὐδέ οἱ ἔσχεν ὀστέον [Refs 8th c.BC+] __B.6 __B.3 with genitive, keep from, πολέμου [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.4 with Preps., to be engaged or busy, ἀμφί τι [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.II simply, be, ἑκὰς εἶχον [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀγῶνα διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχοντα consisting in.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.II.2 frequently with adverbs of manner, εὖ ἔχει [Refs 8th c.BC+]; καλῶς ἔχει, κακῶς ἔχει, it is, is going on well or ill, see at {καλός, κακός} (but future σχήσειν καλῶς will turn out well, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὕτως.. σχεῖν to turn out, happen thus, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὕτως ἔχει so the case stands, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὕτως ἐχόντων, Latin cum res ita se habeant, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς εἶχε just as he was, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἔχω how I am, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀσφαλέως, ἀναγκαίως ἔχει, ={ἀσφαλές, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι}, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; καλῶς ἔχει no, I thank you, see at {καλός}. __B.II.2.b with genitive modi, εὖ ἔ. τινός to be well off for a thing, abound in it; καλῶς ἔ. μέθης to be well off for drink, i.e. to be pretty well drunk, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; σπόρου ἀνακῶς ἐ. to be busy with sowing, [Refs]; εὖ ἐ. φρενῶν, σώματος, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare ἥκ; so ὡς ποδῶν εἶχον as fast as they could go, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πῶς ἔχεις δόξη; [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.III of direction, hold or turn towards, see above [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.III.2 stand up, jut out, κίονες ὑψόσ᾽ ἔχοντες [Refs 8th c.BC+] __B.III.3 lead towards, ὁδοὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν ἔ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔ. εἴς τι to be directed, point towards, ἔχθρης ἐχούσης ἐς Ἀθηναίους [Refs]; τὸ ἐς τοὺς Ἀργείους ἔχον what concerns them, [Refs], etc.; of Place, extend, reach to, ἐπ᾽ ὅσον ἔποψις τοῦ ἱροῦ εἶχε [Refs] __B.III.4 ἐπί τινι ἔ. have hostile feelings to wards.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.IV after [Refs 8th c.BC+] as auxiliary, with aorist participle giving a perfect sense, κρύψαντες ἔχουσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]: also in late Prose, ἀναλώσας ἔχεις [Refs 5th c.BC+]: less frequently with perfect participle, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with present participle, πατρίδα καταστένουσ᾽ ἔχεις [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.IV.2 participle ἔχων, with present, adds a notion of duration to that of present action, τί κυπτάζεις ἔ.; why do you keep poking about there? [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τί δῆτα διατρίβεις ἔ.; why then keep wasting time? [Refs]; τί γὰρ ἕστηκ᾽ ἔ.[Refs], you keep chattering, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: so in later Prose, παίζεις ἔ. [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; but ῥιπτεῖς ἔ.; do you throw away the prize when it is in your grasp? [Refs 1st c.AD+] __C middle, hold oneself fast, cling closely, τῷ προσφὺς ἐχόμην [Refs 8th c.BC+]: mostly with genitive, hold on by, cling to, [πέτρης[Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῆς πληγῆς ἔχ εται claps his hand on the place struck, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __C.2 metaphorically, cleave, cling to, ἔργου [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῶν πραγμάτων [Refs 4th c.AD+]; βιοτᾶς, ἐλπίδος, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; lay hold on, take advantage of, τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο [Refs 6th c.BC+]; fasten upon, attack, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; lay claim to, ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ἐπωνυμιέων [Refs 5th c.BC+]; to be zealous for, [μάχης] [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.3 come next to, follow closely,[Refs]; of peoples or places, to be close, border on, with genitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+]participle, τὴν ἐχομένην [τῶν νεωρίων] στοάν Aen. Tact.[Refs]; οἱ ἐ. the neighbouring people, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ἐχόμενος the next man, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; of Time, τὸ ἐχόμενον ἔτος the next year, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ ἐχόμενα τούτοις what follows, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.4 depend, ἔκ τινος [Refs 8th c.BC+] __C.4.b to be connected with by etymology, τὸ θύειν τοῦ θυμιᾶν εἴχετο [Refs 3rd c.AD+] __C.5 pertain to, ὅσα ἔχεται τῶν αἰσθήσεων [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὀρνίθων ἢ ἰχθύων [Refs] __C.II bear or hold for oneself, κρήδεμνα ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη before her cheeks, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀσπίδα πρόσθ᾽ ἔσχετο his shield, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __C.III maintain oneself, hold one's ground,[Refs] __C.III.2 with accusative, keep off from oneself, repel, [Refs] __C.IV keep oneself back, abstain or refrain from, ἀϋτῆς, μάχης, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: c.infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κακῶν ἄπο χεῖρας ἔχεσθαι to keep one's hands from ill, [Refs 8th c.BC+], hold! cease! [Refs 8th c.BC+] __C.V passive of ἔχω [Refs 5th c.BC+] are balanced on.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]