ἀλήθεια, -as, ἡ, (ἀληθής), [fr. Hom. down], verity, truth. I. objectively; 1. univ. what is true in any matier under consideration (opp. to what is feigned, fictitious, false): Jas. iii. 14; ὀλήθειαν λέγειν, ἐρεῖν, Jn. viii. 45 sq.; xvi. 7; Ro. ix. 14 1 Co. xii. 6; 1 Tim. ii. 7; εἶπεν αὐτῷ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν, everything as it really was, Mk. v. 33, (so in classics); μαρτυρεῖν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ to testify according to the true state of the case, Jn. v. 33; ina broader sense, λαλεῖν ἀλήθειαν to speak always according to truth, Eph. iv. 25; [ἀληθείας ῥήματα ἀποφθέγγομαι, as opp- to the vagaries of madness, Acts xxvi. 25]; ἀλήθεια ἐγένετο, was shown to be true by the event, 2 Co. vii. 14. ἐν ἀληθείᾳ in truth, truly, as the case is, according to fact: Mt. xxii. 16; Jn. iv. 23 sq. (as accords with the divine nature); 2 Co. vii. 14; Col. i. 6; ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας a. truly, in truth, according to truth: Mk. xii. 32; Lk. iv. 25, (Job ix. 2 Sept.; Philo, vit. Moys.i.§ 1). Ὁ. of a truth, in reality, in fact, certainly: Mk. xii. 14; Lk. xx. 21; [xxii. 59]; Acts iv. 27; x. 34, (Clem. Rom. 1 Cor. 23, 5 and 47, 3); [ef. W. § 51, 2f.; B. 336 (289) ]; κατ᾽ ἀλήθειαν in accordance with fact, i. 6. (ace. to the context) justly, without partiality: Ro. ii. 2; etre mpoφάσει, εἴτε ἀληθείᾳ. Phil. i. 18; ἐν ἔργῳ xk. ἀληθείᾳ, 1 Jn. iii. 18 [Ree. om. ἐν; so Eph. iv. 21 WH mrg.]. 2. In reference to religion, the word denotes what is true in things appertaining to God and the duties of man, (‘moral and religious truth’); and that a. with the greatest latitude, in the sceptical question ri ἐστιν ἀλήGeva, Jn. xviii. 38; b. the true notions of God which are open to human reason without his supernatural intervention: Ro. i. 18; also ἡ ἀλήθεια θεοῦ the truth of which God is the author, Ro. i. 25, cf. 19, (ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Evang. Nicod. ¢. 5,2; accordingly it is not, as many interpret the phrase, the true nature of God [yet see Mey. ad loc.]); truth, the embodiment of which the Jews sought in the Mosaic law, Ro. ii. 20, ¢. the truth, as taught in the Christian religion, respecting God and the execution of his purposes through Christ, and respecting the duties of man, opposed alike to the superstitions of the Gentiles and the inventions of the Jews, and to the corrupt opinions and precepts of false teachers even among Christians: ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγ. the truth which is the gospel or which the gospel presents, Gal. ii. 5, 14, [ef. W. § 34, 3 a.]; and absol. ἡ ἀλήθεια and ἀλήθεια: Jn. i. 14, 17; viii. 32, 40; [xvi 13]; xvii. 19; 1 Jn. 1. 8; ii. 4, 21; 2Jn.1-3; Gal. iii. 1 (Ree.); v. 7; 2 Co. iv. 2; xiii. 8; Eph. iv. 2452 Dh.ii.410, 12; 1 Tim. ii. 7 (ἐν πίστει x. ἀληθείᾳ in faith and truth, of which I became a partaker through faith) ; iii. 15; iv. 8; vi. 5; 2 Tim. ii. 18; iii. 8; iv. 4; Tit. i. 14; 2 Pet. i. 12; [8 Jn. 8,12]; ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας, Col. i. 5; Eph. i. 13; 2 Tim. ii. 15; λόγος ἀληθείας, 2 Co. vi. 7; Jas. i. 18; ὁδὸς τῆς ad. 2 Pet. ii. 2; πίστις ἀληθείας, 2 Th. ii. 13 [W. 186 (175)]; ὑπακοὴ τῆς ad. 1 Pet. i. 22; ἐπίγνωσις τῆς GA. Heb. x. 26; 1 Tim. ii. 4; 2 Tim. ii. 25; 111. 7; [Tit. i. 1]; πνεῦμα τῆς ad. the Spirit (of God) which is truth (1 Jn. v.6) and imbues men with the knowledge of the truth, Jn. xiv.17; [xvi. 13]; xv. 26; 1 Jn. iv. 6; ἐγώ εἶμι ἡ ἀλήθεια I am he in whom the truth is summed up and impersonated, Jn. xiv. 6; ἡ ἀλήθειά σου [ Rec. | (i. 6. θεοῦ) the truth which is in thee and proceeds from thee, Jn. xvii. 17; [ἔστιν ἀλήθεια Χριστοῦ ἐν ἐμοί i. 6. controls, actuates, me, 2 Co. xi. 10]; εἶναι ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας to be eager to know the truth, Jn. xviii. 37 (see ἐκ, II. 7, and eiui,V. 3 d.); to proceed from the truth, 1 Jn. ii. 21; to be prompted and controlled by the truth, 1 Jn. iii. 19; μαρτυρεῖν τῇ ἀληθ. to give testimony in favor of the truth in order to establish its authority among men, Jn. xviii. 37; ἀλήθειαν ποιεῖν to exemplify truth in the life, to express the form of truth in one’s habits of thought and modes of living, Jn. iii. 21; 1 Jn. i. 6, (Tob. xiii. 6; iv. 6; cf. Neh. ix. 33; ὁδὸν ἀληθείας αἱρετίζεσθαι, Ps. exvili. (exix.) 30); so also περιπατεῖν ἐν τῇ ad. 2 Jn. 4; 3 Jn. 3 sq.; ἀπειθεῖν τῇ aX. is just the opposite, Ro. ii. 8; so also πλανηθῆναι ἀπὸ τῆς ad. Jas. v. 19. II. subjectively; truth as a personal excellence; that candor of mind which is free from affectation, pretence, simulation, falsehood, deceit: Jn. viii. 44; sincerity of mind and integrity of character, or a mode of life in harmony with divine truth: 1 Co. v. 8; xiii. 6 (opp. to ἀδικία) ; Eph. iv. 21 [see I. 1 b. above]; v. 9; [vi. 14]; σοῦ ἡ ἀλήθεια the truth as it is discerned in thee, thy habit of thinking and acting in congruity with truth, 3 Jn. 3; ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ θεοῦ which belongs to God, i. 6. his holiness [but cf. περισσεύω. 1 b. fin.], Ro. iii. 7; spee. veracity (of God in keeping his promises), Ro. xv. 8; ἐν ἀληθείᾳ sincerely and truthfully, 2Jn.1; 3Jn.1. The word is not found in Rev. ({nor in 1 Thess., Philem., Jude]). Cf. Hélemann, “ Bibelstudien”, (Lpz. 1859) 1te Abth. p.8sqq.; [| Wendt in Stud. u. Krit., 1883, p. 511 sqq.]

ἀλήθεια alētheia 109x

truth, Mk. 5:33; love of truth, sincerity, 1 Cor. 5:8; divine truth revealed to man, Jn. 1:17; practice in accordance with Gospel truth, Jn. 3:21; 2 Jn. 4

ἀλήθεια, -ας, ἡ

(< ἀληθής), [in LXX chiefly for אֱמֶת (on which, v. Cremer, 627f.), אֱמוּנָה;]

truth (v. DB, iv, 818f.). Objectively, "the reality lying at the basis of an appearance; the manifested, veritable essence of a matter" (Cremer, 86): Ro 9:1, al.; of religious truth, Ro 1:25, al.; esp. of Christian doctrine, Ga 2:5, al.; ἀ. θεοῦ, Ro 15:8.

Subjectively, truthfulness, truth, not merely verbal (cl.), but sincerity and integrity of character: Jo 8:44, III Jo 3.

In phrases (MM, VGT, s.v.): ἐπ’ ἀληθείας, Mk 12:14, al.; ἀ. λέγειν (εἰπεῖν, λαλεῖν), Ro 9:1, II Co 12:6, Eph 4:25, al.; ἀ. ποιεῖν, Jo 3:21, I Jo 1:6 (cf. DB, iv, 818b, ff.).

ἀλήθεια. The noun occurs requently in prepositional phrases, μετὰ πάσης ἀληθείας, etc. “Em ἀληθείας is found in P Amh II. 68% (late i/A.D.) ὀμνύομεν . . . εἶ μὴν ἐξ ὑγειοῦς Kal ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας ἐπιδεδωκ[ςέ]ναι : so P Oxy III. 4809 (A.p. 132), and Syli 2261 (iii/B.c.) οὐ γεγενημένου τούτου ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας, etc. This NT phrase is thoroughly idiomatic, we see, and not “translation Greek” in Mark. Other combinations are ἐξ a., P Oxy VII. 103253 (A.p. 162) ἐ[κ] τῆς a., P Flor I. 3214 (A.D. 298) ἐξόμνυμι. . . ἐξ ἀ. kal πίστεως. (For this collocation of nouns, cf. P Oxy I. 70° (iii/A.p.) πίστιν καὶ ἀλήθ[ειαν Exe, “is credited and accepted,” of a contract (Edd.).) With 2 Jn1, 3 Jnt ὃν ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ, cf. the Gemellus letters, P Fay 11826 (A.D. 110) ἀσπάζου τοὺς φιλοῦντές σε πάντες πρὸς ἀλήθιαν, and 20. 11928 (c. A.D. 100) τοὺς φιλοῦντες ἡμᾶς πρὸς ἀλήθιαν. In much the same sense we find ταῖς ἀληθ(είαις), P Kyl 11. 1ο535 (Α.Ὁ. 136). For the noun without prepositions we may quote P Oxy II. 283 151. (a.v. 45) ἐξ οὗ δεήσει γνωσθῆναι πᾶσαν τὴν περὶ τῶν προγεγραμμένων ἀλήθειαν, P Giss I. 8415 (ii/a.p.) φι]λοῦφι νῦν οὗτοι τὴν ἀλήθ[ε]ιαν εἰπεῖν, P Lond 4125 (A.D. 351) = (II. p. 280) εἰ μὴ ὑπῆρχεν ἡμεῖν ἡ τῶν νόμων ἀλήθει[α], 25. 8979 (A.D. 84) (ΞΞ 1ΠΠ. p. 206) νυνεὶ δὲ ὑμεῖς τὴν ἀλήθειαν γράψαται, etc. From v/vi A.D. comes an interesting Christian prayer in P Oxy VI. 925° φανέρωσόν μοι τὴν παρὰ col ἀλήθιαν εἰ βούλῃ pe ἀπελθεῖν cis Χιούτ. The form of the petition closely follows those of paganism.

ἀλήθεια (alētheia) — truth. ἀλήθ-εια [ᾰλ], ἡ, Doric dialect ἀλάθεια (also ἀλαθείᾱ[Refs 7th c.BC+] ἀληθεί; Ionic dialect ἀληθείη:

I. truth, opposed to lie or mere appearance:

I.1. in [Refs 8th c.BC+] only opposed to a lie, frequently in phrase ἀληθείην καταλέξαι[Refs 8th c.BC+]; παιδὸς πᾶσαν ἀ. μυθεῖσθαι to tell whole truth about the lad, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; proverbial, οἶνος καὶ ἀ. `in vino veritas', Alc.[same place], etc.; ἁπλᾶ γάρ ἐστι τῆς ἀ. ἔπη[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. ἔχειν to be true, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.2. after [Refs 8th c.BC+] also truth, reality, opposed to appearance, σὺν ἀλαθείᾳ καλῶν[Refs 5th c.BC+] — in adverbial usages, τῇ ἀ. in very truth, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος in truth and reality, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείᾳ for the sake of truth, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also, according to truth and nature, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

I.3. real war, opposed to exercise or parade, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]

I.4. true event, realization of dream or omen, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II. of persons, truthfulness, sincerity, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

III. *)a. personified, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

IV. symbol of truth, jewel worn by Egyptian high-priest, [Refs 1st c.BC+]: of the Thummim, [LXX]