πατήρ [fr. τ. pa; lit. nourisher, protector, upholder ; (Curtius § 348)], πατρός, -rpl, -τέρα, voc. πάτερ [for which the nom. 6 πατήρ is five times used, and (anarthrous) πατήρ in Jn. xvii. 21 T Tr WH, 24 and 25 LT Tr WH; ef. B. § 129,5; W.§ 29,2; WH. App. p. 158], plur. πατέρες, πατέρων, πατράσι (Heb. i.1), πατέρας, 6,[fr. Hom. down], Sept. for 38, a father; 1. prop., i. q. generator or male ancestor, and either a. the nearest ancestor: Mt. ii. 22; iv. 21 sq.; viii. 21; Lk.i.17; Jn. iv.53; Acts vii. 143 1 Co. v. 1, etc.; of πατέρες τῆς σαρκός, fathers of the corporeal nature, natural fathers, (opp. to ὁ πατὴρ τῶν πνευμάτων), Heb. xii. 9; plur. of both parents, Heb. xi. 23 (not infreq. in prof. auth., ef. Delitzsch ad loc.); or Ὄ. a more remote ancestor, the founder of α race or tribe, progenitor of a people, forefather: 80 Abraham is called, Mt. iii. 9; Lk. i. 73; xvi. 24; Jn. viii. 39, 55; Acts τ. 2; Βο. iv. 1 Rec., 17 sq.,ete.; Isaac, Ro. ix. 10; Jacob, Jn. iv. 12; David, Mk. xi. 10; Lk. i. 32; plur. fathers i.e. ancestors, forefathers, Mt. xxiii. 30, 32; Lk. vi. 23, 26; xi. 47 sq.; Jn. iv. 20; vi. 31; Acts iii. 13, 25; 1 Co. x. 1, etc., and often in Grk. writ. fr. Hom. down; so too Nya8, 1 K. viii. 21; Ps. xxi. (xxii.) 5 ete.; in the stricter sense of the founders of a race, Jn. vii. 22; Ro. ix. 5; xi. 28. c. i. q. one advanced in years, a senior: 1 Jn. ii. 13 sq. 2. metaph.; 8. _the originator and transmitter of anything: πατὴρ περιτομῆς, Ro. iv. 12; the author of a family or society of persons animated by the same spirit as himself: so 7. πάντων τῶν πιστευόντων, Ro. iv. 11, ef. 12, 16, (1 Mace. ii. 54); one who has infused his own spirit into others, who actuates and governs their minds, Jn. viii. 38,41 sq. 44; the phrase ἐκ πατρός τινος εἶναι is used of one who shows himself as like another in spirit and purpose as though he had inherited his nature from him, ibid. 44. b. one who stands in a father’s place, and looks after another in a paternal way: 1 Co. iv. 15. c. a title of honor [cf. Sophocles, Lex. 5. v.], applied to a. teachers, as those to whom pupils trace back the knowledge and training they have received: Mt. xxiii. 9 (of prophets, 2 K. τ: 1.0 ay 21): B. the members of the Sanhedrin, whose prerogative it was, by virtue of the wisdom and experience in which they excelled, to take charge of the interests of others: Acts vii. 2; xxii. 1; ef. Gesenius, Thesaur. i. p. 7*. 3. God is called the Father, a. τῶν φώτων, [A. V. of lights i. 6.1 of the stars, the heavenly luminaries, because he is their creator, upholder, ruler, Jas. i. 17. b. of all rational and intelligent beings, whether angels or men, because he is their creator, preserver, guardian and protector: Eph. iii. 14 sq. GL T Tr WH; τῶν πνευμάτων, of spiritual beings, Heb. xii. 9; and, for the same reason, of all men (πατὴρ τοῦ παντὸς ἀνθρώπων γένους, Joseph. antt. 4, 8, 24): so in the Synoptic Gospels, esp. Matthew, Mt. vi. 4, 8, 15; xxiv. 36; Lk. vi. 86; xi. 2; xii. 30,32; Jn. iv. 21, 23; Jas. iii. 9; ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐν (τοῖς) οὐρανοῖς, the Father in heaven, Mt. v. 16, 45, 48, vi.1,9; vii. 11,21; xviii. 14; Mk. xi. 25, 26 RGL; Lk. xi. 13 [ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ; οἴ. B. § 151, 2a.; W. § 66, 6]; ὁ mar. 6 οὐράνιος, the heavenly Father, Mt. vi. 14, 26, 32; xv. 13. ο. of Christians, as those who through Christ have been exalted to a specially close and intimate relationship with God, and who no longer dread him as the stern judge of sinners, but revere him as their reconciled and loving Father. This conception, common in the N. T. Epistles, shines forth with especial brightness in Ro. viii. 15; Gal. iv. 6; in John’s use of the term it seems to include the additional idea of one who by the power of his Spirit, operative in the gospel, has begotten them anew to a life of holiness (see γεννάω, 2 d.): absol., 2 Co. vi. 18; Eph. ii. 18; 1 Jn. ii. 1,14 (13), 16; iii. 1; θεὸς x. πατὴρ πάντων, of all Christians, Eph. iv. 6; with the addition of a gen. of quality [W. § 34, 3b.; B. § 132, 10], 6 mar. τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν, 2 Co. i. 3; τῆς δόξης, Eph. ἡ 17; on the phrases ὁ θεὸς x. πατὴρ ἡμῶν, θεὸς πατήρ, etc., see θεός, 3 p. 288", d. the Father of Jesus Christ, 5 TATpia as one whom God has united to himself in the closest bond of love and intimacy, made acquainted with his purposes, appointed to explain and carry out among men the plan of salvation, and (as appears from the teaching of John) made to share also in his own divine nature ; he is so called, a. by Jesus himself: simply ὁ πατήρ (opp. to ὁ vids), Mt. xi. 25-27; Lk. x. 21sq.; Jn. v. 2023, 26, 36 sq.; x. 15, 30, ete.; 6 πατήρ pov, Mt. xi. 27; xxv. 34; xxvi. 53; Lk. x. 22; Jn.v.17; viii. 19,49; x. 18, 32, and often in John’s Gospel; Rev. ii. 28 (27); iii. 5, 21; with ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς added, Mt. vii. 11, 21; x. 32sq.; xii. 50; xvi.17; xviii. 10,19; ὁ οὐράνιος, Mt. xv. 18; ὁ ἐπουράνιος, Mt. xviii. 35 Rec. β. by the apostles: Ro. xv. 6; 2Co.i.3; xi. 31; Eph. i. 3; iii. 14 Rec.; Col. i. 3; Heb. i.5; 1 Pet. 1. 8; Rev. i. 6. See [Tholuck (Bergrede Christi) on Mt. vi. 9; Weiss, Bibl. Theol. d. N. T., Index s. v. Vater; C. Wittichen, Die Idee Gottes als d. Vaters, (G6ttingen, 1865); Westcott, Epp. of St. John, pp. 27-34, and] below in vids and τέκνον.

πατήρ, πατρός, -τρί, τέρα,

[in LXX chiefly and very freq. for אָב;]

a father; prop., of the male parent: Mt 2:22, Lk 1:17, Jo 4:53; anarth., He 12:7 (M, Pr., 82 f.); pl., of both parents (cl.), He 11:23; οἱ π. τ. σαρκός, He 12:9;

of a forefather or ancestor (in cl. usually in pl.; Hom., al.): Mt 3:9, Lk 1:73, Jo 8:39, al.; pl., Mt 23:30, 32, Lk 6:23, 26, Jo 4:20, I Co 10:1, al.

Metaph., of an author, originator, or archetype (= αἴτιος, ἀρχηγός, etc.; Pind., Plat., al.): Jo 8:41-44, Ro 4:11, 12, 16.

as a title of respect or honour, used of seniors, teachers and others in a position of responsible authority (Jg 17:10, II Ki 2:12, Pr 1:8, al.): Mt 23:9, Ac 7:2 22:1, I Jo 2:13.

Of God (as in cl. of Zeus) as Father; of created things: τ. φώτων, Ja 1:17;

of all sentient beings: Eph 3:14, 15, He 12:9;

of men, esp. those in covenant relation with Him (freq in OT and later Jewish lit.; v. Dalman, Words, 184 ff.): Mt 6:4, Lk 6:36, Jo 4:21, Ja 3:9, al.; ὁ π. ὁ ἐν (τ.) οὐρανοῖς, Mt 5:16, Mk 11:25; ὁ π. ὁ οὐράνιος, Mt 6:14 15:13; esp. in the Epp., of Christians: Ro 8:15, II Co 6:18, Ga 4:6, Eph 2:18 4:6, I Jo 2:1; c. gen. qual., τ. οἰκτιρμῶν, II Co 1:3; τ. δοξῆς, Eph 1:17;

of Christ (Dalman, Words, 190 ff.); by our Lord himself: ὁ π., Mt 11:25-27, Lk 10:21, 22, Jo 5:20-23, al.; ὁ π. μου, Mt 11:27, al.; ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς, Mt 7:11, al.; ὁ οὐράνιος, Mt 15:13; vocat., Jo 11:41 12:27, 28 17:1, 5, 11, 20, 25 (cf. Abbott, JG., 96 f.);

by Apostles: Jo 1:14 (anarth.; v. M, Pr., 82 f.), Ro 15:6, II Co 1:3 11:31, Eph 1:3, Col 1:3, He 1:5, I Pe 1:3, Re 1:6 (cf. Westc., Epp. Jo., 27-34).

πατήρ. For the looser use οἵ πατήρ as a title or respect or honour, see P Oxy X. 1296 (iii/A.D.), where the writer

πατήρ (patēr) — father. πᾰτήρ, ὁ, genitive and dative πατέρος, πατέρι in Epic dialect and Lyric poetry, Attic dialect πατρός, πατρί (which is also the commoner form in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; accusative always πατέρ; vocative πάτερ: plural πατέρες, πατέρας, πατέρων (πατρῶν only [Refs 8th c.BC+]; dative πατράσι [ᾰ] (cf. Sanskrit locative plural pitṛ[snull]u, no dative plural occurs in [Refs 8th c.BC+], late Epic dialect πατέρεσσι [Refs 4th c.AD+]:— father, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πατρὸς πατήρ grandfather,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὰ πρὸς πατρός by the father's side, [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; especially of God, the father of the Israelites, [LXX]; father of men, [NT]; father of Jesus Christ, [Refs]

II. especially as epithet of Zeus, πατὴρ Ζεύς, π. Κρονίδης, π. ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Ζεὺς π. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. Οὐρανιδᾶν Ζ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]

III. respectful mode of addressing persons older than oneself, ξεὶνε πάτερ [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.; in addressing an elder brother, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]

IV. metaphorically, father, author, ἀοιδᾶν π... εὐαίνητος Ὀρφεύς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Χρόνος ὁ πάντων π. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοῦ λόγου π. [Refs]; ὁ π. τῶν φώτων, i.e. God, the father of the stars, [NT]; οἱ π. τῶν ἀτόμων the authors of the atomic theory, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of capital, τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκγόνους τόκους [Refs 5th c.BC+]

V. title of a grade in the mysteries of Mithras, [Refs]

VI. π. πατρίδος, = Latin pater patriae, [Refs 1st c.AD+]

VII. in plural,

VII.1. forefathers, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐξέτι πατρῶν from our fathers' time, [Refs 8th c.BC+]

VII.2. parents, [Refs 1st c.BC+]

VII.3. parentnation, opposed to colonists, [Refs 5th c.BC+]. (Cf. Sanskritpitár-, Latin pater, etc.)