περί, (akin to πέρα. πέραν ; [Curtius § 359]), prep., joined in the N. T. with the gen. and the ace. (in class. Grk. also with the dat.), and indicating that the person or thing relative to which an act or state is predicated is as it were encompassed by this act or state ; Lat. circum, circa; around, about. I. with the GeniTIve it denotes that around which an act or state revolves ; about, concerning, as touching, ete., (Lat. de, quod attinet ad, causa w. a gen., propter) [ef. W. 372 sq. (349)]. a. about, concerning, (Lat. de; in later Lat. also circa): after verbs of speaking, teaching, writing, ete., see under ἀναγγέλλω, ἀπαγγέλλω, ἀπολογοῦμαι, γογγύζω, γράφω, Sydow, διαβεβαιοῦμαι, διαγνωρίζω, διαλέγομαι, διδάσκω. διηγοῦμαι (Heb. xi. 32), διήγησις, εἶπον and προεῖπον, ἐπερωτάω and ἐρωτάω, κατηχέω, λαλέω, λέγω, λόγον αἰτέω. λόγον ἀποδίδωμι, λόγον δίδωμι, μαρτυρέω, μνεία, μνημονεύω, προκαταγγέλλω, προφητεύω, ὑπομιμνήσκω, χρηματίζομαι, ἦχος, φήμη, ete. ; after verbs of hearing, knowing, ascertaining, inquiring, see under ἀκούω, γινώσκω, ἐπίσταμαι, εἶδον, ἐξετάζω, ζητέω, ἐκζητέω, ἐπιζητέω, ζήτημα, πυνθάνομαι, etc. ; after verbs of thinking, deciding, supposing, doubting, ete.; see under διαλογίζομαι, ἐνθυμέομαι, πέπεισμαι, πιστεύω, διαπορέω, ἔλέγχω, etc. b. as respects [A. V. often (as) touching]; a. with verbs, to indicate that what is expressed by the verb (or verbal noun) holds so far forth as some person or thing is concerned ; with regard to, in reference to: Acts xxviil. 21; Heb. xi. 20; ἡ περὶ σοῦ μνεία, 2 Tim. i. 3; ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν, 1 Co. vii. 37; ἐπιταγὴν ἔχειν, ibid. 25; see ἐντέλλομαι, ἐντολή, παρακαλέω, παραμυθέομαι, πρόφασις, ἔκδικος, Aayχάνω to cast lots. B. with the neut. plur. [and sing.] of the article, ra περί twos the things concerning a person or thing, i. 6. what relates to, can be said about, ete.: τὰ περὶ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ, Acts i. 3; viii. 12 [Rec.]; xix. 8 [here LTr WH om. ra]; τὰ περὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ. Acts xxiv. 22; with the gen. of a pers. one’s affairs, his condition or state: Acts xxviii. 15; Eph. vi. 22; Phil. i. 27; ii. 19 sq.; Col. iv. 8; in a forensic sense, one’s cause or case, Acts xxiv. 10; τὰ περὶ Ἰησοῦ (or τοῦ κυρίου), [the (rumors) about Jesus (as a worker of miracles), Mk. v. 27T Trmrg. br. WH]; the things (necessary to be known and believed) concerning Jesus, Acts xviii. 25; xxiii. 11; xxviii. 23 Rec., 31; the things that befell Jesus, his death, Lk. xxiv. 19; the things in the O. T. relative to him, the prophecies concerning him, ibid. 27; the career, death, appointed him by God, Lk. xxii. 37 [here T Tr WH τὸ ete. J. Ὑ- περί τινος, absol., at the beginning of sentences, concerning, as to: 1 Co. vii. 1; viii.1; xvi. 1, 12; but in other places it is more properly taken with the foll. verb, Mt. xxii. 31; xxiv. 36; Mk. xii. 26; 1 Co. vil. 25; viii. 1,45 xii. 1; 1 Th. iv. 9; v.1; cf. W. 373 (350). c. on account of ; a. of the subjectmatter, which at the same time occasions the action expressed by the verb: so after verbs of accusing, see ἐγκαλέω, κατηγορέω, κρίνω τινὰ περί τινος, etc. ; after verbs expressing emotion, see θαυμάζω, ἀγανακτέω. καυχάομαι, σπλαγχνίζομαι, εὐχαριστέω, εὐχαριστία, αἰνέω. μέλει μοι, μεριμνάω; also after εὔχομαι, 3 In. 2, see πᾶς, IL 3 b. 6. β. of the cause for (on account of) which a thing is done, or of that which gave occasion for the action or occurrence: Mk. i. 44; Lk. v. 14; Jn. x. 33, (περὶ τῆς βλασφημίας λάβετε αὐτόν, Ev. Nic. c. 4, p. 546 ed. Thilo [p. 221 ed. Tdf.]); Acts xv. 2; xix. 23; xxv. 15, 18, 24; Col. ii. 1 [RG]. y- on account of, i. 6. for, for the benefit or advantage of: Mt. xxvi. 28; Mk. xiv. 24 RG; Lk. iv. 38; Jn. xvi. 263; xvii. 9, 20; Heb. ν. 3; xi. 40; περί and ὑπέρ alternate in Eph. vi. 18 sq. [cf. W. 383 (358) n. also § 50,3; B.§ 147, 21.22; Wieseler, Meyer, Bp. Lehtft., Ellic. on Gal. i. 41. 8. περί is used of the design or purpose for removing something or takiny it away: περὶ ἁμαρτίας, to destroy sin, Ro. viii. 3; διδόναι ἑαυτὸν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν, to expiate, atone for, sins, Gal. i. 4 (where R WH txt. ὑπέρ [see as in y. above, and οἴ. ὑπέρ, I. 6]); also to offer sacrifices, and simply sacrifices, περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν, Heb. v.3 [RG ὑπέρ; see τ. 5.1; X. 18,26; περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθε [ἀπέθανεν], 1 Pet. iii. 18; περὶ ἁμαρτίας sc. θυσίαι, sacrifices for sin, expiatory sacrifices, Heb. x. 6 (fr. Ps. xxxix. (xl) 7; ef. Num. viii. 8; see ἁμαρτία, 3; τὰ περὶ τῆς ἅμ. Lev. vi. 25; τὸ περὶ τ. &. Lev. xiv. 19); ἱλασμὸς περὶ τ. ἁμαρτιῶν, 1 ὅπ. ἀν ἂν» 10> II. with the AccusATIVE (W. 406 (379)) ; a. of Place; about, around: as, about parts of the body, Mt. iii. 4; [xviii. 6 LT Tr WH]; Mk.i.6; ix. 42; Lk. xvii. 2; Rev. xv.6. about places: Lk. xiii. 8; Acts xxii. 6; Jude 7; τὰ περὶ τὸν τόπον ἐκεῖνον, the neighborhood of that place, Acts xxviii. 7; of περί w. an ace. of place, those dwelling about a place or in its vicinity, Mk. iii. 8 [Τ Tr WHom. Lbr. of]. οἱ περί twa, those about one i. 6. with him, his companions, associates, friends, ete., Mk. iv. 10; Lk. xxii. 49 ; [add, Mk. xvi. WH (rejected) “ Shorter Conclusion ”]; acc. to Grk. idiom οἱ περὶ τὸν Παῦλον, Paul and his companions (Germ. die Paulusgesellschaft) [ef. W. 406 (379); B.§125, 8], Acts xiii. 13; ace. to a later Grk. usage ai περὶ Μάρθαν denotes Martha herself, Jn. xi. 19 (although others [e. g. Meyer, Weiss, Keil, Godet, al.] understand by it Martha and her attendants or domestics; but L Tr WH read πρὸς τὴν (for τὰς περὶ) MapGav) ; cf. Matthiae § 583, 2; Bnhdy. p. 263; Kiihner ii. p. 230 sq.; [W. and B.u.s.]. in phrases the underlying notion of which is that of revolving about something: of persons engaged in any occupation, of περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐργάται [A. V. the workmen of like occupation], Acts xix. 25; περισπᾶσθαι, τυρβάζεσθαι περί rt, Lk. x. 40,41 [but here L T Tr WH txt. θορυβάζη q- v(and WH mrg. om. περὶ rod) ], (περὶ τὴν γεωργίαν γίνε

περί peri 333x

pr. of place, (1) gen., about, around; about, concerning, respecting, Mt. 2:8; 11:10; 22:31; Jn. 8:18; Rom. 8:3, et al. freq.; (2) acc., of place, about, around, round about, Mt. 3:4; Mk. 3:34; Lk. 13:8; οἱ περί τινα, the companions of a person, Lk. 22:49; a person and his companions, Acts 13:13; simply a person, Jn. 11:19; τὰ περί τινα, the condition, circumstances of any one, Phil. 2:23; of time, about, Mt. 20:3, 5, 6, 9; about, concerning, respecting, touching, Lk. 10:40; 1 Tim. 1:19; 6:21; Tit. 2:7

περί, prep. c. gen., acc. (in cl. also c. dat.; cf. M, Pr., 105f.), with radical sense round about (as distinct from ἀμφί, on both sides). C. gen., of place, about (poët.).

Causal, about, on account of, concerning, in reference to: Mt 2:8, Mk 1:44, Lk 4:38, Jo 16:26, Ac 28:21, al. mult.; τὰ περί, c. gen., the things concerning one, one's state or case: Mk 5:27, Ac 1:3 28:15, Eph 6:22, al.; at the beginning of a sentence, περί, regarding, as to, I Co 7:1, al.; in the sense on account of (Mt 26:28, I Co 1:13, al.), often with ὑπέρ as variant (cf. M, Pr., 105).

C. acc., of place, about, around: Mt 3:4, Mk 1:6, Lk 13:8, Ac 22:6, al.; οἱ περί, c. acc. pers., of one's associates, friends, etc., Mk 4:10, Lk 22:49, Jo 11:19, Ac 13:13; οἱ περὶ τ. τοιαῦτα ἐργάται, Ac 19:25; metaph., about, as to, concerning: I Ti 1:19 6:4, II Ti 2:18 3:8, Tit 2:7; τὰ περὶ ἐμέ, Phl 2:23; αἱ περὶ τ. λοιπὰ ἐπιθυμίαι, Mk 4:19.

Of time, in a loose reckoning, about, near: Mt 20:3, 5, 6, 9 27:46, Mk 6:48, Ac 10:3, 9 22:6.

In composition: round about (περιβάλλω, περίκειμαι), beyond, over and above (περιποιέω, περιλείπω), to excess (περιεργάζομαι, περισσεύω).

περί τροπὴν δέδωκα, “1 have entrusted to him the care of the whole matter” (Edd.), 7. XII. 15831! (ii/A.D.) γράψον μοι περὶ τῶν ὄντων, ‘ write me revarding the present state of affairs,” and ΒΟῸΣ II. 63218 (ii/a.p.) (= ZAZ, p. 173) ο[ὐ]χ ὀκνῶ σοι γράψαι περὶ THs] σωτηρίας pov καὶ τῶν ἐμῶν, “T am not delaying to write you regarding the health of me and mine.” In P Par 488 (B.c. 153) (= Witkowski Zp.” p- 91) ἀκούσαντες... τὰ περὶ σου συνβεβηκότα, we have a mixture of ἀκούσαντες περὶ σοῦ and ἀκούσαντες τά (σοι) συνβεβηκότα ΠΕερί, ‘‘ with regard to,” at the beginning of a new clause (as in 1 Cor 71) may be illustrated from the headings in the Mysteries inscr, from Andania Sy// 653 (=*736)} (B.c. 91) περὶ ἱε]ρῶν Kal ἱερᾶν, α΄. See also P Eleph 134! (B.c, 223-2) περὶ δὲ τῶν εἴκοσι δραχμῶν οὔπω ἐκεκόμιστο Φίλων . περὶ δὲ τοῦ οἰναρίου ΤΙραξιάδης οὔπω εἰσελήλυθεν ἐξ ἀγροῦ, BGU IV. 1097° (time of | laudius or Nero) περὶ δὲ Σαραπᾶτος τοῦ υἱοῦ οὐ καταλέλυκε παρ᾽ ἐμὲ ὅλως, and 76. 1. μοι ἐδίδου οὐδὲ καταγραφήν . . ὑμῖν, πῶς ἄλυπος ἦν. The tran-ition to the meaning “on account of,” ‘for,’ 17 περὶ “Εἱρμιόνης μελησάτω "is easy. when περί becomes practically identical with ὑπέρ (7.z.) : cf. in the NT Mk 144, Gal τὸ, 1 Cor 118, Heb 5%. a/., where the two words are variae lectiones, and for περί in this sense in the papyri see P Oxy X. 1298%(iv/a.D.) mpd πάντων edx ope τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ περὶ τῆς ὁλοκληρίας σου Kal τῶν φιλτάτων σου, and 76. XII. 14945 (early iv/A.D.) μά[[λΊ]]λειστα μὲν δεήσει Kal ὑμᾶς εὔχεσθαι repel ἡμῶν, ‘it will be most necessary for you too t pray on my behalf” (Edd.). On the preposition placed after its noun in Ac 19*° see Field eves, Ῥ 131. Tlept is frequent c. gen. of the articular inf., e.g. P Tebt 1. 56" (¢. B.C. 130-121) yely[wo ke δὲ περὶ τοῦ κατακεκλῦσθαι τὸ πεδίον ὑμῶν (/. ἡμῶν), *‘you must hear about our plain having been nundated” (Edd.), and P Ryl II. 230% (a.D. 40) ἐκομισάμην ἐπιστολὴ(ν) περὶ τοῦ πέμψαι pe ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῇ ἔ, “1 received a letter regarding my sending for the loaves on the 5th.”’ 2. For the /ocal use of περί c. acc. cf. P Tebt I. 5612 (c. B.C. 130-121) ζητή[σ]ᾳ[ς] pou περὶ τὴν κώμην σου εἰς τὴν τροφὴν ἡμῶν γῆς ἀρούρας πέντε, “by seeking out in the neighbourhood of your village 5 arourae for our maintenance’ (Edd.), P Oxy II 246! (A.D. 66) περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν $04 x.y, ‘in the neighbourhood of the said Phthochis.” See also from the inscrr. Preisigke 1568° (ii/B.C.) ot περὶ αὐλήν (‘* court-officials ’’). With Mk 4?° ot περὶ αὐτόν, ‘his disciples,” cf. P Petr IT. 451-7 (B.c. 246) τοῖς περὶ τὸν Λαοδίκην, ‘to the party of Laodike,” P Grenf I. 1017 (B.c. 174) ot περὶ τὸν Δρύτωνα, and for the classical idiom in Ac 1318 of περὶ ἸΠαῦλον, “Paul and his company,” cf. 26. I. 2115 (B.c. 126) at περὶ ᾿Απολλωνίαν, ““ Apollonia and her sisters ’ a joint beneficiaries under a Will, and P Fay 3411 (A.D. 161) Totis) περὶ τὸν Ilaveovéa, ‘‘to Panesneus and his partners.” With Phil 223 τὰ περὶ ἐμέ, cf. P Par 445 (B.C. 153) τὰ περὶ Απολλώνιον, and see also 76. 1517 (B.C. 120) TH περὶ ἑαυτοὺς Bla χρώμενοι, P Ryl 11. 153% (A.D. 138-161) διὰ τὴν περὶ ἐμὲ ἀσθένιαν, and the magic formula P Oxy VI. 8865 (iii/a.v.) ὁ δὲ τρόπος ἐστὶν τὰ περ[ὶ] TA γράμματα Kd, ““the method is concerned with the 29 letters.

περί (peri) — about. περί, Thess., Delph. περ [Refs 5th c.BC+], also Aeolic dialect, see below [Refs 4th c.BC+] V; Elean παρ [Refs]: preposition with genitive, dative, and accusative:—round about, all round (properly different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Sanskrit pári 'round about'.) __A WITH GENITIVE, __A.I of Place, sometimes in Poets, round about, around, τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς [Refs 8th c.BC+], on both sides, see at {περιβαίνω} [Refs] __A.I.2 about near, π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα [Refs] __A.II to denote the object about or for which one does something: __A.II.1 with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought about, π. τῶνδε for these prizes, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was for my life, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; and without a Verb, π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί [Refs 8th c.BC+]; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.II.2 with words which denote care or anxiety, about, on account of, π. Τρώων.. μερμηρίζειν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σο; so with you it is a question of drink? [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.3 with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc., about, concerning, π. νόστου ἄκουσα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.4 of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought for very enmity, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.II.5 about, in regard to, μεμηνυμένος π. τινός [Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Prose frequently without a Verb, ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τινός the circumstances of.., [Refs]; οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (i.e. ἔχει) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον as for reserving the corn, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] as to number, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι.. [Refs] __A.III before, above, beyond, of superiority, chiefly in Epic dialect, π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων [Refs 8th c.BC+] in understanding to be beyond them, [Refs 8th c.BC+] —In this sense π. is sometimes adverbial, and the genitive is absent, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.IV in [Refs 5th c.BC+] it is of much consequence, worth much, to us, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας to reckon them for, i.e. worth, much, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.V Aeolic dialect περί and περ ={ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς.. δίννεντες πτέρα} [Refs 7th c.BC+]; περ κεφάλας probably in [Refs 7th c.BC+]; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid on my behalf, PCair. Zen.[Refs 3rd c.BC+] __B WITH DATIVE (in Attic dialect Prose mostly in signification [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.I of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί[Refs 8th c.BC+]; in other relations, π. δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear,[Refs]: rarely in Trag., π. βρέτει πλεχθείς [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.I.2 in Poets, also, around a weapon, i. e. spitted upon it, transfixed by it, π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη [Refs 8th c.BC+] __B.I.3 of a warrior standing over a dead comrade so as to defend him, ἀμφὶ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ αὐτῷ βαῖν᾽, ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.II of an object for or about which one struggles (compare above [Refs 8th c.BC+] __B.II.2 with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (compare above [Refs 8th c.BC+] __B.II.3 generally, of the cause or occasion, on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, variant for{ὑπὸ καπνοῦ} in [Refs 8th c.BC+] for fear, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τιμᾷ in honour or praise, [Refs]; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, [Refs 4th c.BC+] —but π. θυμῷ is falsa lectio in [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C WITH ACCUSATIVE, __C.I of Place, properly of the object round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐρύσας π. σῆμα [Refs 8th c.BC+]: also of extension round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν somewhere near it, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. λίθον πεσών upon it, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse upon themselves, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many to one, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα.. τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is imputable to him who.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] substantive only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __C.I.2 of persons who are about one, ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues, οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, [Refs]; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so and his family, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; later οἱ π. τινά, periphrastic for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; compare ἀμφί C. 1.3. __C.I.3 of the object about which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; later mostly εἶναι π. τι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett.[Refs 5th c.BC+]; in periphrastic phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες poets and orators, [Refs 5th c.BC+] ministers of the mysteries, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.I.4 round or about a place, and so in, π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν in his heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Φωκίδα τόποι [Refs 2nd c.BC+] __C.I.5 about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: without a Verb, αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί [Refs 5th c.BC+]: generally, of all relations, about, concerning, in respect of, π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει [Refs 5th c.BC+]; as to [Refs 5th c.BC+] adjective, ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά[Refs]; also in place of a genitive, οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches of L., [Refs]; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism of P., [Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Prose, to denote circumstances connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the works at Mount Athos, [Refs]; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (variant for{τῆς ναυμαχίας}) the events of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.II of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάς about the time of lamp-lighting, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. μέσας νύκτας about midnight, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἡλίου δυσμάς[Refs 5th c.BC+] __C.II.2 of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __D Position: π. may follow its substantive, when it suffers anastrophe, ἄστυ πέρι [Refs 8th c.BC+] only once uses it before its genitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __E περί absolutely, as adverb., around, about, also, near, by, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+]round about, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] __E.II before or above others [Refs 4th c.BC+], exceedingly, only Epic dialect, in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe, Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί [Refs 8th c.BC+]; σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ᾽ ἐπακοῦσαι[Refs 8th c.BC+] __E.II.2 π. does not suffer anastrophe in the Epic dialect phrase π. κῆρι right heartily, π. κῆρι φίλησε [Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. κῆρι τιέσκετο[Refs 8th c.BC+] __E.II.3 for περὶ πρό, see at {περιπρό}. __E.II.4 περὶ κάτω bottom upwards, δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος [Refs 5th c.BC+] __F IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), all its chief senses recur, especially __F.I extension in all directions as from a centre, all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω. __F.II completion of an orbit and return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι (εἶμι ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω. __F.III a going over or beyond, above, before, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω see, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω. __F.IV generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Latin per-. __F.V the notion of double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compound, περιδέξιος (which see). __G PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in [Refs 8th c.BC+] near the end; περ᾽ ἰγνύῃσι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in Comedy texts and codices of Prose writers only in participle of περίειμι (εἶμι ibo) (which see):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Comedy texts, περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, [Refs 5th c.BC+] {περιαγαπάζομαι}:—Aeolic dialect περρ for the sake of meter, see [Refs 4th c.BC+]