Micah 1:12
Micah 1:12 in Multiple Translations
For the dwellers of Maroth pined for good, but calamity came down from the LORD, even to the gate of Jerusalem.
For the inhabitant of Maroth waited carefully for good: but evil came down from the LORD unto the gate of Jerusalem.
For the inhabitant of Maroth waiteth anxiously for good, because evil is come down from Jehovah unto the gate of Jerusalem.
For the one living in Maroth is waiting for good: for evil has come down from the Lord to the doorways of Jerusalem.
The people of Maroth wait anxiously for relief, but disaster has come down from the Lord on the gate of Jerusalem.
For the inhabitant of Maroth wayted for good, but euill came from the Lord vnto the gate of Ierusalem.
For stayed for good hath the inhabitant of Maroth, For evil hath come down from Jehovah to the gate of Jerusalem.
For the inhabitant of Maroth waits anxiously for good, because evil has come down from the LORD to the gate of Jerusalem.
For the inhabitant of Maroth waited anxiously for good: but evil came down from the LORD to the gate of Jerusalem.
For she is become weak unto good that dwelleth in bitterness: for evil is come down from the Lord into the gate of Jerusalem.
The name of Maroth town sounds like ‘bitterness;’ everyone there is anxiously waiting for good things to happen to them, but good things will not happen to them; instead, terrible things are about to happen to them, and it will soon happen at the gates of Jerusalem.
Berean Amplified Bible — Micah 1:12
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Micah 1:12 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
כִּֽי
חָ֥לָֽה
לְ/ט֖וֹב
יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת
מָר֑וֹת
כִּֽי
יָ֤רַד
רָע֙
מֵ/אֵ֣ת
יְהוָ֔ה
לְ/שַׁ֖עַר
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם
כִּֽי
kîy
H3588
for
Conj
חָ֥לָֽה
chûwl
H2342
to twist
V-Qal-Perf-3fs
לְ/ט֖וֹב
ṭôwb
H2896
pleasant
Prep | Adj
יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת
yâshab
H3427
to dwell
V-Qal
מָר֑וֹת
Mârôwth
H4796
Maroth
N-proper
כִּֽי
kîy
H3588
for
Conj
יָ֤רַד
yârad
H3381
to go down
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
רָע֙
raʻ
H7451
bad
Adj
מֵ/אֵ֣ת
ʼêth
H854
with
Prep | Prep
יְהוָ֔ה
Yᵉhôvâh
H3068
The Lord
N-proper
לְ/שַׁ֖עַר
shaʻar
H8179
gate
Prep | N-ms
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם
Yᵉrûwshâlaim
H3389
Jerusalem
N-proper
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Micah 1:12
כִּֽי
kîy
H3588
"for"
Conj
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
חָ֥לָֽה
chûwl
H2342
"to twist"
V-Qal-Perf-3fs
This Hebrew word means to twist or whirl, and can describe dancing, pain, or fear. It is used to convey strong emotions or physical struggles, such as childbirth or great fear.
Definition: : tremble/fear 1) to twist, whirl, dance, writhe, fear, tremble, travail, be in anguish, be pained 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to dance 1a2) to twist, writhe 1a3) to whirl, whirl about 1b) (Polel) 1b1) to dance 1b2) to writhe (in travail with), bear, bring forth 1b3) to wait anxiously 1c) (Pulal) 1c1) to be made to writhe, be made to bear 1c2) to be brought forth 1d) (Hophal) to be born 1e) (Hithpolel) 1e1) whirling (participle) 1e2) writhing, suffering torture (participle) 1e3) to wait longingly 1f) (Hithpalpel) to be distressed
Usage: Occurs in 56 OT verses. KJV: bear, (make to) bring forth, (make to) calve, dance, drive away, fall grievously (with pain), fear, form, great, grieve, (be) grievous, hope, look, make, be in pain, be much (sore) pained, rest, shake, shapen, (be) sorrow(-ful), stay, tarry, travail (with pain), tremble, trust, wait carefully (patiently), be wounded. See also: Genesis 8:10; Proverbs 8:24; Psalms 10:5.
לְ/ט֖וֹב
ṭôwb
H2896
"pleasant"
Prep | Adj
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means good or welfare, describing something that is beneficial or pleasing, like a good deed or a happy time. It is used in many contexts, including Genesis and Psalms. This word is often translated as 'good' or 'beautiful'.
Definition: adj 1) good, pleasant, agreeable 1a) pleasant, agreeable (to the senses) 1b) pleasant (to the higher nature) 1c) good, excellent (of its kind) 1d) good, rich, valuable in estimation 1e) good, appropriate, becoming 1f) better (comparative) 1g) glad, happy, prosperous (of man's sensuous nature) 1h) good understanding (of man's intellectual nature) 1i) good, kind, benign 1j) good, right (ethical) Aramaic equivalent: tav (טָב "fine" H2869)
Usage: Occurs in 521 OT verses. KJV: beautiful, best, better, bountiful, cheerful, at ease, [idiom] fair (word), (be in) favour, fine, glad, good (deed, -lier, -liest, -ly, -ness, -s), graciously, joyful, kindly, kindness, liketh (best), loving, merry, [idiom] most, pleasant, [phrase] pleaseth, pleasure, precious, prosperity, ready, sweet, wealth, welfare, (be) well(-favoured). See also: Genesis 1:4; Ruth 2:22; 2 Chronicles 3:8.
יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת
yâshab
H3427
"to dwell"
V-Qal
This verb means to sit or dwell, and can also mean to remain or abide. It's used in the Bible to describe people living in a place or staying with someone, like in the book of Genesis.
Definition: 1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to sit, sit down 1a2) to be set 1a3) to remain, stay 1a4) to dwell, have one's abode 1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited 1c) (Piel) to set, place 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to cause to sit 1d2) to cause to abide, set 1d3) to cause to dwell 1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited 1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to) 1e) (Hophal) 1e1) to be inhabited 1e2) to make to dwell Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
Usage: Occurs in 977 OT verses. KJV: (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry. See also: Genesis 4:16; Leviticus 25:18; Joshua 13:6.
מָר֑וֹת
Mârôwth
H4796
"Maroth"
N-proper
Maroth is a place in Palestine, specifically a town in the lowland of Judah, with a name that means bitterness. It is mentioned in the KJV as Maroth.
Definition: § Maroth = "bitterness" one of the towns in the lowland of Judah
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: Maroth. See also: Micah 1:12.
כִּֽי
kîy
H3588
"for"
Conj
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
יָ֤רַד
yârad
H3381
"to go down"
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
To go down or descend, like going to a lower place or falling. It appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing people and things moving downwards.
Definition: 1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go or come down 1a2) to sink 1a3) to be prostrated 1a4) to come down (of revelation) 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to bring down 1b2) to send down 1b3) to take down 1b4) to lay prostrate 1b5) to let down 1c) (Hophal) 1c1) to be brought down 1c2) to be taken down
Usage: Occurs in 345 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] abundantly, bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down, fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, [idiom] indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to, let) run down, sink, subdue, take down. See also: Genesis 11:5; Judges 3:28; 2 Kings 1:15.
רָע֙
raʻ
H7451
"bad"
Adj
Ra means bad or evil, referring to moral or natural harm. It describes adversity, affliction, or distress, and is often used to convey a sense of misery or injury.
Definition: : harmful adj 1) bad, evil 1a) bad, disagreeable, malignant 1b) bad, unpleasant, evil (giving pain, unhappiness, misery) 1c) evil, displeasing 1d) bad (of its kind-land, water, etc) 1e) bad (of value) 1f) worse than, worst (comparison) 1g) sad, unhappy 1h) evil (hurtful) 1i) bad, unkind (vicious in disposition) 1j) bad, evil, wicked (ethically) 1j1) in general, of persons, of thoughts 1j2) deeds, actions
Usage: Occurs in 623 OT verses. KJV: adversity, affliction, bad, calamity, [phrase] displease(-ure), distress, evil((-favouredness), man, thing), [phrase] exceedingly, [idiom] great, grief(-vous), harm, heavy, hurt(-ful), ill (favoured), [phrase] mark, mischief(-vous), misery, naught(-ty), noisome, [phrase] not please, sad(-ly), sore, sorrow, trouble, vex, wicked(-ly, -ness, one), worse(-st), wretchedness, wrong. (Incl. feminine raaah; as adjective or noun.). See also: Genesis 2:9; Judges 9:57; 2 Kings 21:6.
מֵ/אֵ֣ת
ʼêth
H854
"with"
Prep | Prep
This Hebrew preposition means 'with' or 'near', indicating a close relationship or physical proximity. It's used in Genesis 1:26 to describe God's relationship with humanity, and in many other places to show connection or closeness.
Definition: 1) with, near, together with 1a) with, together with 1b) with (of relationship) 1c) near (of place) 1d) with (poss.) 1e) from...with, from (with other prep)
Usage: Occurs in 787 OT verses. KJV: against, among, before, by, for, from, in(-to), (out) of, with. Often with another prepositional prefix. See also: Genesis 4:1; Genesis 42:32; Numbers 1:5.
יְהוָ֔ה
Yᵉhôvâh
H3068
"The Lord"
N-proper
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Definition: Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Usage: Occurs in 5522 OT verses. KJV: Jehovah, the Lord. Compare H3050 (יָהּ), H3069 (יְהֹוִה). See also: Genesis 2:4; Genesis 24:42; Exodus 8:8.
לְ/שַׁ֖עַר
shaʻar
H8179
"gate"
Prep | N-ms
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a gate or door, often referring to city entrances or temple doors, like in Genesis and Exodus. It can also symbolize a meeting place or marketplace. The word is used to describe important locations in the Bible.
Definition: : gate 1) gate 1a) gate (of entrance) 1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place) 1b1) city, town 1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle) 1d) heaven
Usage: Occurs in 302 OT verses. KJV: city, door, gate, port ([idiom] -er). See also: Genesis 19:1; 1 Chronicles 9:18; Psalms 9:14.
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם
Yᵉrûwshâlaim
H3389
"Jerusalem"
N-proper
Jerusalem is the capital city of Palestine, also known as the city of peace. It was the chief city of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split.
Definition: § Jerusalem = "teaching of peace" the chief city of Palestine and capital of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split
Usage: Occurs in 600 OT verses. KJV: Jerusalem. See also: Joshua 10:1; 2 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 24:6.
Study Notes — Micah 1:12
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Micah 1:12 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Micah 1:12
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Micah 1:12
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Micah 1:12
- Trapp's Commentary on Micah 1:12
- Ellicott's Commentary on Micah 1:12
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Micah 1:12
- Cambridge Bible on Micah 1:12
- Barnes' Notes on Micah 1:12
- Whedon's Commentary on Micah 1:12
- Sermons on Micah 1:12
Context — Weeping and Mourning
10Do not tell it in Gath; do not weep at all. Roll in the dust in Beth-leaphrah.
11Depart in shameful nakedness, O dwellers of Shaphir. The dwellers of Zaanan will not come out. Beth-ezel is in mourning; its support is taken from you.
12For the dwellers of Maroth pined for good, but calamity came down from the LORD, even to the gate of Jerusalem.
13Harness your chariot horses, O dweller of Lachish. You were the beginning of sin to the Daughter of Zion, for the transgressions of Israel were found in you. 14Therefore, send farewell gifts to Moresheth-gath; the houses of Achzib will prove deceptive to the kings of Israel.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jeremiah 14:19 | Have You rejected Judah completely? Do You despise Zion? Why have You stricken us so that we are beyond healing? We hoped for peace, but no good has come, and for the time of healing, but there was only terror. |
| 2 | Micah 1:9 | For her wound is incurable; it has reached even Judah; it has approached the gate of my people, as far as Jerusalem itself. |
| 3 | Amos 3:6 | If a ram’s horn sounds in a city, do the people not tremble? If calamity comes to a city, has not the LORD caused it? |
| 4 | Isaiah 59:9–11 | Therefore justice is far from us, and righteousness does not reach us. We hope for light, but there is darkness; for brightness, but we walk in gloom. Like the blind, we feel our way along the wall, groping like those without eyes. We stumble at midday as in the twilight; among the vigorous we are like the dead. We all growl like bears and moan like doves. We hope for justice, but find none, for salvation, but it is far from us. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 8:15 | We hoped for peace, but no good has come, for a time of healing, but there was only terror. |
| 6 | Job 30:26 | But when I hoped for good, evil came; when I looked for light, darkness fell. |
| 7 | Isaiah 45:7 | I form the light and create the darkness; I bring prosperity and create calamity. I, the LORD, do all these things. |
| 8 | Ruth 1:20 | “Do not call me Naomi, ” she replied. “Call me Mara, because the Almighty has dealt quite bitterly with me. |
| 9 | 1 Samuel 4:13 | When he arrived, there was Eli, sitting on his chair beside the road and watching, because his heart trembled for the ark of God. When the man entered the city to give a report, the whole city cried out. |
Micah 1:12 Summary
This verse, Micah 1:12, tells us that the people of Maroth were hoping for good things to happen, but instead, they experienced disaster, which came from God. This shows that God is in control of everything, even when bad things happen, as noted in Isaiah 45:7. It also reminds us that our actions have consequences, and if we disobey God, we may face punishment, as warned in Leviticus 26:14-17. By looking at this verse, we can see the importance of obeying God and trusting in His plan, even when things don't go as we expect, and instead, seeking to align our desires with His will, as encouraged in Proverbs 3:5-6.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does it mean that the dwellers of Maroth pined for good?
The dwellers of Maroth were likely longing for peace, prosperity, and happiness, but instead, they received calamity from the Lord, as seen in Micah 1:12, a reminder that our desires may not always align with God's plan, as noted in Proverbs 19:21.
Why did calamity come down from the LORD?
The Bible teaches that God is a God of justice and righteousness, and when His people sin, He may bring calamity upon them as a form of discipline, as seen in Micah 1:12 and supported by Deuteronomy 28:15, which lists the consequences of disobedience.
What is the significance of the gate of Jerusalem in this verse?
The gate of Jerusalem represents the city and its people, so when calamity comes down to the gate, it means that the judgment of the Lord has reached the heart of the city, affecting all its inhabitants, much like in Jeremiah 1:15, where the Lord warns of an enemy coming to the gates of Jerusalem.
How does this verse relate to the rest of the book of Micah?
Micah 1:12 is part of a larger prophecy of judgment against Israel and Judah, calling them to repentance and warning them of the consequences of their sins, as seen throughout the book of Micah, particularly in Micah 6:16, where the prophet laments the persistence of evil in Judah.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways that I, like the dwellers of Maroth, may be pining for good but experiencing calamity instead, and how can I align my desires with God's plan?
- How can I, as a follower of God, discern when calamity or hardship is a form of discipline from the Lord, and what should my response be in such situations, as guided by Psalm 119:71?
- In what ways can I, as part of a community of believers, help to prevent or mitigate calamity by promoting righteousness and justice, as encouraged in Micah 6:8?
- What does this verse teach me about the sovereignty of God and His involvement in the affairs of human history, as also seen in Daniel 4:35?
Gill's Exposition on Micah 1:12
For the inhabitant of Maroth waited carefully for good,.... Or, "though [they] waited for good" (r); expected to have it, yet the reverse befell them: or "verily [they were] grieved for good" (s);
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Micah 1:12
For the inhabitant of Maroth waited carefully for good: but evil came down from the LORD unto the gate of Jerusalem. For the inhabitant of Maroth - possibly the same as Maarath (Joshua 15:59).
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Micah 1:12
For; yet, or certainly, as the Hebrew particle is often to be rendered. The inhabitant; one put for all, because all should fare alike. Maroth: some say it is by transposing the letters put for Ramoth; others say it is, as the word imports, the grieving, imbittered cities; others take it for the proper name of some lesser place in Judah. Waited carefully; long, earnestly, and patiently. For good; for peace, prosperity, and what might make them happy. Evil; of trouble, sword, famine, and pestilence, all sorts of evil comprised in this one: Came down, in mighty tempests, or as a sweeping rain. From the Lord; by his special command and charge, and as a punishment inflicted on them from heaven. Unto the gate of Jerusalem; the flood of affliction by the Assyrian swallowed up other towns and cities, and swelled high to the head city Jerusalem, as partly by Sennacherib’ s invasion, but more fully by Nebuchadnezzar’ s besieging and taking Jerusalem, and carrying the citizens captive to Babylon.
Trapp's Commentary on Micah 1:12
Micah 1:12 For the inhabitant of Maroth waited carefully for good: but evil came down from the LORD unto the gate of Jerusalem.Ver. 12. For the inhabitant of Maroth waited carefully for good] Or, shall grieve for the good, viz. that he hath lost in the common calamity; grieve till he be heart sick, as Amos 6:6, or wait till he faint, for "hope deferred maketh the heart sick," Proverbs 13:12. The name of this city is Maroth, that is, bitternesses; and bitter things shall befall her, see Rth 1:20, because together with the good of piety, which she ought to have waited upon, she hath lost the good of prosperity, which in vain she hath waited for. "The expectation of the wicked is wrath," Proverbs 11:23. But evil came down from the Lord] It is he that sends and sets the enemy to work; as Titus acknowledged, at the last destruction of Jerusalem, that he only lent his hands to the Divine justice. It was God that stirred up enemies to revolted Solomon. And Job descried God’ s hand on the arms of the Sabean robbers.
Ellicott's Commentary on Micah 1:12
(12) Waited carefully.—There are various ways of arriving at the interpretation of the words, but the result is the same. The people of Maroth were in distress; they were grieved at the spoiling of their property; they longed for good, but evil was the Lord’s decree against Jerusalem.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Micah 1:12
Verse 12. The inhabitant of Maroth] There was a city of a similar name in the tribe of Judah, Joshua 15:59.
Cambridge Bible on Micah 1:12
12. Maroth] The name might mean Bitternesses, i.e. ‘perfect grief.’ Comp. Rth 1:20, ‘Call me Mara, for the Lord hath made it bitter unto me,’ i.e. hath grieved me. waited carefully] Rather, hath been in pain. for good] i.e. for the good of liberty which it has lost. but evil came down] Rather, for evil is come down. unto the gate of Jerusalem] It is the ‘great gate’ spoken of thus by Sennacherib in his boastful inscription, ‘the exit of the great gate of his city I caused (them) to break through’ (Taylor’s cylinder, Colossians 3. lines 22, 23). Sargon, however, is probably the Assyrian king referred to by the prophet, as also by Isaiah in a parallel passage (Isaiah 22:7), “the horsemen [of the enemy] set themselves in array towards the gate” (this is the correct rendering).
Barnes' Notes on Micah 1:12
For the inhabitant of Maroth - (bitterness) waited carefully for good She waited carefully for the good which God gives, not for the Good which God is. She looked, longed for, good, as men do; but therewith her longing ended.
Whedon's Commentary on Micah 1:12
12. Maroth — Means Bitternesses. The place is entirely unknown; the context suggests that it was near Jerusalem.
Sermons on Micah 1:12
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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David Wilkerson Prophecy - New York 1000 Fires by David Wilkerson | This sermon emphasizes the judgment of societies by God, warning of impending chastisement for turning away from righteousness and holiness. The speaker predicts a period of intens |
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The Justice of God—and the Sins of Our Country by Samuel Davies | Samuel Davies, in his sermon 'The Justice of God—and the Sins of Our Country,' passionately addresses the sins of the people and the nation, attributing calamities to God's provide |
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On Public Diversions by John Wesley | John Wesley addresses the dangers of public diversions, emphasizing that every calamity serves as a warning from God to prompt repentance and reflection. He argues that all evils o |
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God's Tools and Instruments by Thomas Brooks | Thomas Brooks emphasizes God's sovereignty over all events, including disasters like the fire that devastated London. He asserts that every judgment, whether it be calamity or pros |
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You Are the One Who Has Done This! by Thomas Brooks | Thomas Brooks emphasizes the importance of silence and humility in the face of affliction, as exemplified by David in Psalm 39:9. He highlights that true believers recognize God's |
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Look Up by Erlo Stegen | Erlo Stegen emphasizes the importance of looking up to God during life's storms, using the story of a sailor who found stability by focusing on his captain's voice. He reminds us t |
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God Seeks a Man of Prayer by Alan Redpath | In this sermon, the speaker reflects on the lack of justice and salvation in the world, drawing parallels to historical events such as the Vietnam War, the tragedy of the boat peop |