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1 Kings 7:17 — Word Study

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WLCשְׂבָכִ֞ים מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה שְׂבָכָ֗ה גְּדִלִים֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה שַׁרְשְׁר֔וֹת לַכֹּ֣תָרֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ הָעַמּוּדִ֑ים שִׁבְעָה֙ לַכֹּתֶ֣רֶת הָאֶחָ֔ת וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה לַכֹּתֶ֥רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃

BSAFor the capitalskôthereth [top parts, crowns] onʻal toprôʼsh of the pillarsʻammûwd he mademaʻăseh a networksᵉbâkâh [lattice, checker work] with wreathsgᵉdil [tassels, threads] ofmaʻăseh chainworksharshᵉrâh [chain, interlinked chains] sevenshebaʻ for [each]ʼechâd capitalkôthereth [column top, decorated crown]

Word
Listen & take away1 Kings 7
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 17 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ha.she.Nit) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
1 Kings 7:17quick helps
In a sentenceThis verse describes the intricate design of the capitals atop the pillars in the temple.
Who is speakingThe author of 1 Kings, detailing Solomon's construction efforts.
Where we areIn the description of the temple's architecture, specifically the capitals on the pillars.
The hard wordשְׂבָכִ֞ים
Take awayThe capitals are elaborately decorated with networks and chains.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectשֶׁבַע The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Kings 7:17

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Construction of Solomon's Templegenerated

16He also made two capitals of cast bronze to set on top of the pillars, each capital five cubits high.
17For the capitals on top of the pillars he made a network of lattice, with wreaths of chainwork, seven for each capital.
18Likewise, he made the pillars with two rows of pomegranates around each grating to cover each capital atop the pillars.
19And the capitals atop the pillars in the portico were shaped like lilies, four cubits high.

1 Kings 7:17 describes the artistic details of the capitals that adorned the pillars of the temple. These capitals were not only functional but also served as decorative elements, showcasing the craftsmanship involved in the construction of Solomon's Temple. The surrounding verses emphasize the grandeur and meticulous design that characterized this significant structure in ancient Israel.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Exodus 28:14–22and two chains of pure gold, made of braided cord work; and attach these chains to the settings.
2Exodus 39:15–18For the breastpiece they made braided chains like cords of pure gold.
32 Kings 25:17Each pillar was eighteen cubits tall. The bronze capital atop one pillar was three cubits high, with a network of bronze pomegranates all around. The second pillar, with its network, was similar.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

And nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter.Exodus 28:14–22 Exodus 39:15–18 2 Kings 25:17

The Key Word שְׂבָכִ֞ים, se.va.Khimgenerated

The word שְׂבָכִ֞ים (se.va.Khim) is a masculine plural noun derived from שְׂבָכָה (se.va.Khah), meaning a network or lattice. It refers to a decorative pattern, often used in architecture, resembling a net or latticework. In this context, it describes the intricate designs on the capitals of the pillars, highlighting the artistic detail involved in the temple's construction.

Lexicons consistently describe שְׂבָכָה as encompassing both practical and ornamental uses, emphasizing its role in creating visually appealing architectural features. This word appears frequently in the Bible, indicating its significance in various contexts.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause centers around the action of making, with the subject being the capitals and the predicate detailing the network and wreaths. The structure is complex, featuring multiple noun phrases that describe the elements involved in the design.

The verb 'made' governs the entire construction, with several phrases detailing the components of the capitals, including the networks and chains, which are intricately linked to the decorative purpose of the pillars.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates שְׂבָכִ֞ים as δίκτυα (diktua), meaning nets or networks. This choice reflects a focus on the functional aspect of the design, possibly emphasizing the decorative yet practical use of latticework in the temple's architecture.

This translation indicates a broader interpretation of the Hebrew term, aligning it with the idea of interconnectedness and structure in the context of the temple's grandeur.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Kings 7:17 explains how Solomon designed the capitals on the pillars of the temple. He created a network of lattice and added wreaths of chains, with seven for each capital. This shows the attention to detail in the temple's architecture.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the term 'capitals' refer to in this verse?

Capitals refer to the decorative tops of the pillars, which are often intricately designed and serve both structural and aesthetic purposes.

Why is the number seven significant in this context?

The number seven often symbolizes completeness or perfection in biblical literature, suggesting that the design of the capitals was meant to convey a sense of wholeness.

What materials were used for the capitals?

The capitals were made of cast bronze, as mentioned in the surrounding verses, highlighting the luxurious materials used in the temple's construction.

How does this verse connect to the overall theme of the temple's construction?

This verse illustrates the meticulous craftsmanship and artistic detail that characterized the construction of Solomon's Temple, emphasizing its significance as a place of worship.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does the intricate design of the capitals tell us about the importance of the temple in ancient Israel?
  2. How can we appreciate the craftsmanship involved in creating structures that serve as places of worship?
  3. In what ways does the use of numbers, like seven, enhance our understanding of biblical themes?
  4. How can we apply the principles of beauty and detail in our own lives and endeavors?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

An early commentary on this verse highlights the significance of the number seven in relation to the grace of the Holy Spirit, as seen in biblical symbolism.

BedeOf the Temple of Solomon 2.18.10 c. 673–735
For the number seven is conventionally used to denote the grace of the Holy Spirit, as attested in the Apocalypse by John, who, after saying that he had seen “the lamb with seven horns and seven eyes,” went on to add,
Early Church Fathers on 1 Kings 7 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Kings 7:17 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars,.... These were the ornaments of the chapiters; the former being like thick branches of

Read John Gill on 1 Kings 7 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter.

Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Kings 7 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

For the chapiters, which those nets and wreaths did encompass, either covering, and as it were receiving and holding, the pomegranates, or being mixed with them.

Read Matthew Poole on 1 Kings 7 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

1 Kings 7:17 [And] nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which [were] upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter.Ver. 17. And nets of checker work.] These were very pleasant to the eye, and in adition significant: not such toilsome toys as nec ignoranti nocent, nec scientem iuvant. Sen.

Read John Trapp on 1 Kings 7 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(17) Seven for . . .—This is probably an erroneous reading. It should be “a net-work (or lattice-work) for the one chapiter, and a net-work for the other.”

Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Kings 7 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

17. and nets of checker work] The two nouns are from the same root, and indicate some kind of interlaced metalwork with which the bellying parts of the capitals were overlaid. This, with the chains next mentioned, and the two rows of pomegranates (1 Kings 7:18) formed the ornamentation of the lower portion of the capitals for one cubit of their breadth. As the conjunction ‘And’ has nothing to represent it in the Hebrew it is better to render, ‘There were nets &c.’ The LXX. in this verse begins ‘And he made two nets &c.… even a net for the one chapiter and a net for the other chapiter.’ Thus the ‘seven’ of the A.V. disappears and ‘net’ is substituted. There is a good deal of similarity…

Read Cambridge on 1 Kings 7 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Nets ... - Rather “Nets chequerwise, and festoons chainwise,” - probably a fine network over the whole, and chainwork hanging in festoons outside. Seven for the one chapiter - The Septuagint reading is preferable.

Read Albert Barnes on 1 Kings 7 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

17. Nets of checker work — The words would apply equally well to representations either of netting, lattice, or basket work.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Kings 7 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

For the capitals on top of the pillars he made a network of lattice, with wreaths of chainwork, seven for each capital.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

There were nets of checker work and wreaths of chain work for the capitals which were on the top of the pillars: seven for the one capital, and seven for the other capital.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

For the capitals on top of the pillars he made a network of lattice, with wreaths of chainwork, seven for each capital.

NETBNew English Translation2006

The latticework on the tops of the pillars was adorned with ornamental wreaths and chains; the top of each pillar had seven groupings of ornaments.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

There were nets of checker-work, and wreaths of chain-work, for the capitals which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one capital, and seven for the other capital.

RVARevised Version, American1894

There were nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And nets of checker-work, and wreaths of chain-work, for the capitals which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one capital, and seven for the other capital.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

He made grates like networke, and wrethen worke like chaynes for the chapiters that were on the top of the pillars, euen seuen for the one chapiter, and seuen for the other chapiter.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

[and] nets of checker-work, wreaths of chain-work, for the capitals which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one capital and seven for the other capital.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Nets of net-work, wreaths of chain-work [are] for the chapiters that [are] on the top of the pillars, seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the second chapiter.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Nets of network, wreaths of chain-work [are] for the chapiters that [are] on the top of the pillars, seven for the first capital, and seven for the second capital.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And nets of checker-work, and wreaths of chain-work, for the capitals which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one capital, and seven for the other capital.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Checker latticework and wreaths of chain work for the capitals decorated the top of the pillars, seven for each capital.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And a kind of network, and chain work wreathed together with wonderful art. Both the chapiters of the pillars were cast: seven rows of nets were on one chapiter, and seven nets on the other chapiter.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

He made a network of lattice using interlinked chains for both capitals, seven for each one.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

There were nets of open-work for the crowns on the tops of the pillars, a net of open-work for one and a net of open-work for the other.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausenoun phrase · subjectnoun phraseשְׂבָכִ֞יםnetworksnoun phraseמַעֲשֵׂ֣הworkשְׂבָכָ֗הof.a.networknoun phraseגְּדִלִים֙wreathsnoun phraseמַעֲשֵׂ֣הworkשַׁרְשְׁר֔וֹתof.chainsprepositional phrase · predicateלַ[belonged].tonoun phrasethenoun phraseכֹּ֣תָרֹ֔תcapitalsrelpאֲשֶׁ֖רwhichclauseprepositional phrase · predicateעַל[were].onnoun phraseרֹ֣אשׁthe.topnoun phraseהָofעַמּוּדִ֑יםthe.pillarsclausesubjectשִׁבְעָה֙sevenprepositional phrase · predicateלַfornoun phrasethenoun phraseכֹּתֶ֣רֶתcapitalnumeral phraseהָ(the)אֶחָ֔תoneוְandclausesubjectשִׁבְעָ֖הsevenprepositional phrase · predicateלַfornoun phrasethenoun phraseכֹּתֶ֥רֶתcapitalnumeral phraseהַ(the)שֵּׁנִֽיתsecond

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording of this verse, with the Septuagint providing a faithful rendering of the Hebrew terms, particularly in the description of the capitals and their decorative elements.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

שְׂבָכִ֞ים מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה שְׂבָכָ֗ה גְּדִלִים֙ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה שַׁרְשְׁר֔וֹת לַכֹּ֣תָרֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ הָעַמּוּדִ֑ים שִׁבְעָה֙ לַכֹּתֶ֣רֶת הָאֶחָ֔ת וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה לַכֹּתֶ֥רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
שְׂבָכִ֞יםδίκτυαמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה’’שְׂבָכָ֗ה’’גְּדִלִים֙’’מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה’’שַׁרְשְׁר֔וֹת’’לַכֹּ֣תָרֹ֔תἐπίθεμαהָעַמּוּדִ֑יםστύλωνלַכֹּתֶ֣רֶתἐπιθέματιהָאֶחָ֔תἑνίוְשִׁבְעָ֖הδίκτυονלַכֹּתֶ֥רֶתἐπιθέματιהַשֵּׁנִֽית׃δευτέρῳ

13 of the 17 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Kings 7:17שְׂבָכָהnetworksnetworksשְׂבָכָהמַעֲשֶׂהwork ofwork ofמַעֲשֶׂהשְׂבָכָהa networka networkשְׂבָכָהגְּדִלִיםfestoonsfestoonsגְּדִלִיםמַעֲשֶׂהwork ofwork ofמַעֲשֶׂהשַׁרְשְׁרָהchainschainsשַׁרְשְׁרָהכֹּתֶ֫רֶת[belonged] [belonged] to tכֹּתֶ֫רֶתאֲשֶׁרwhichwhichאֲשֶׁרעַל[were] on[were] onעַלרֹאשׁ[the] top o[the] top ofרֹאשׁעַמּוּדthe pillarsthe pillarsעַמּוּדשֶׁ֫בַעsevensevenשֶׁ֫בַעכֹּתֶ֫רֶתfor the capfor the capitalכֹּתֶ֫רֶתאֶחָדoneoneאֶחָדשֶׁ֫בַעand sevenand sevenשֶׁ֫בַעכֹּתֶ֫רֶתfor the capfor the capitalכֹּתֶ֫רֶתשֵׁנִיsecondsecondשֵׁנִיעָשָׂהto maketo makeעָשָׂהשָׁבַעto swearto swearשָׁבַעכָּתַרto surrounto surroundכָּתַרשְׂבָכָהשְׂבָכָהגָּדַלto magnifyto magnifyגָּדַלשָׁרַשׁto uprootto uprootשָׁרַשׁעָמַדto stand: to stand: standעָמַדחָדַדto go eithto go either waחָדַדשָׁנָהto changeto changeשָׁנָהעַלheightheightעַלגֻּלָּהbowlbowlגֻּלָּהקוֹמָהheightheightקוֹמָהרִמּוֹןpomegranatpomegranateרִמּוֹןטוּרrowrowטוּרשָׁנִיscarletscarletשָׁנִישֵׁשׁalabasteralabasterשֵׁשׁפַּ֫עַםbeatbeatפַּ֫עַםעֲבֹתcordcordעֲבֹת
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Kings 7:17

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
שְׂבָכִ֞יםse.va.Khim networks H7639 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a network or lattice, like a snare for hunting or a decorative pattern on a pillar. It can also mean a net or netting. In the Bible, it is translated as words like checker, lattice, or wreath.
Amplified meaning
lattice, checker work
Tyndale gloss
latticework
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׂבָכָה (sbakah) refers to a feminine noun meaning latticework or network. It encompasses various forms, including a hunting snare and architectural elements like balustrades. The entries highlight its use in both practical and decorative contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׂבָכָה n.f. lattice-work, network

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7639 שְׂבָכָה, שָׂבָךְ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7639 sbakah seb-aw-kaw'

feminine of 7638; a net-work, i.e (in hunting) a snare, (in

architecture) a ballustrade; also a reticulated ornament to a

pillar:--checker, lattice, network, snare, wreath(-enwork).

see HEBREW for 07638

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׂבָכָה (se.va.khah) — latticework.

1) network, lattice-work, net, netting

1a) lattice

1b) net-ornament (on pillars)

1c) network, toils (for catching animals)

Also means: sa.vakh (שָׂבָךְ "net" H7638)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הma.'a.Seh work of H4639 Noun common · masculine singular construct
236× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to an action or deed, which can be good or bad. It is used to describe various activities, such as work, business, or achievements. The KJV translates it as act, deed, or labor.
Tyndale gloss
deed: judgement
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַעֲשֶׂה (ma`aseh) means deed or work, encompassing a range of actions from good to bad, and includes concepts like business, labor, and products made. It can refer to specific achievements, works of God, or even customs. The entries suggest a broad application in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מַעֲשֶׂה 233 n.m. deed, work

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4639 מַעֲשֶׂה deed, work

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4639 ma`aseh mah-as-eh'

from 6213; an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction;

abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically,

a poem) or (generally) property:--act, art, + bakemeat,

business, deed, do(-ing), labor, thing made, ware of making,

occupation, thing offered, operation, possession, X well,

((handy-, needle-, net-))work(ing, - manship), wrought.

see HEBREW for 06213

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: work.

: work/product

1) deed, work

1a) deed, thing done, act

1b) work, labour

1c) business, pursuit

1d) undertaking, enterprise

1e) achievement

1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)

1g) work, thing made

1h) work (of God)

1i) product

מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: justice.

: justice/right/righteousness

1) deed, work

1a) deed, thing done, act

1b) work, labour

1c) business, pursuit

1d) undertaking, enterprise

1e) achievement

1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)

1g) work, thing made

1h) work (of God)

1i) product

מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: judgement.

: judgement/punishment

1) deed, work

1a) deed, thing done, act

1b) work, labour

1c) business, pursuit

1d) undertaking, enterprise

1e) achievement

1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)

1g) work, thing made

1h) work (of God)

1i) product

מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: custom.

: custom/manner

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
שְׂבָכָ֗הse.va.Khah a network H7639 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a network or lattice, like a snare for hunting or a decorative pattern on a pillar. It can also mean a net or netting. In the Bible, it is translated as words like checker, lattice, or wreath.
Tyndale gloss
latticework
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׂבָכָה (sbakah) refers to a feminine noun meaning latticework or network. It encompasses various forms, including a hunting snare and architectural elements like balustrades. The entries highlight its use in both practical and decorative contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׂבָכָה n.f. lattice-work, network

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7639 שְׂבָכָה, שָׂבָךְ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7639 sbakah seb-aw-kaw'

feminine of 7638; a net-work, i.e (in hunting) a snare, (in

architecture) a ballustrade; also a reticulated ornament to a

pillar:--checker, lattice, network, snare, wreath(-enwork).

see HEBREW for 07638

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׂבָכָה (se.va.khah) — latticework.

1) network, lattice-work, net, netting

1a) lattice

1b) net-ornament (on pillars)

1c) network, toils (for catching animals)

Also means: sa.vakh (שָׂבָךְ "net" H7638)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

net'-wurk (sebhakhah): the Revised Version (British and American) in 2Ki 25:17; 2Ch 4:13 (also in the plural, 4:12,13), for "wreathen work" and "wreath" in the King James Version (of the adornment of the capitals of the pillars of Solomon's temple; see JACHIN AND BOAZ). "Networks" in Isa 19:9 is in the Revised Version (British and American) correctly rendered "white cloth." In the American Standard Revised Version "network" is substituted for "pictures" in the King James Version (Pr 25:11), "baskets" in the English Revised Version margin "filigree work."

networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
גְּדִלִים֙ge.di.Lim festoons H1434 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a tassel or thread, often used to decorate clothes or columns. It is also translated as 'fringe' or 'wreath' in the KJV. In the Bible, it is used to describe the decorations on priestly garments.
Amplified meaning
tassels, threads
Tyndale gloss
tassel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גְּדִלִים (gdil) refers to twisted threads, specifically tassels found on the borders of garments and festoons on column capitals. It is derived from a root meaning to twist, and lexicons consistently describe it as related to decorative elements like fringes and wreaths.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גְּדִלִים n.[m.]pl. twisted threads

tassels on border of garment

festoons, on capitals of columns

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1434 גְּדִלִים twisted threads . tassels on border of garment

. festoons, on capitals of columns

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1434 gdil ghed-eel'

from 1431 (in the sense of twisting); thread, i.e. a tassel

or festoon:--fringe, wreath.

see HEBREW for 01431

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גְּדִלִים (ge.dil) — tassel.

1) twisted threads, tassels, festoons

1a) tassels (on clothes)

1b) festoons (on capitals of columns)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הma.'a.Seh work of H4639 Noun common · masculine singular construct
236× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to an action or deed, which can be good or bad. It is used to describe various activities, such as work, business, or achievements. The KJV translates it as act, deed, or labor.
Tyndale gloss
deed: judgement
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַעֲשֶׂה (ma`aseh) means deed or work, encompassing a range of actions from good to bad, and includes concepts like business, labor, and products made. It can refer to specific achievements, works of God, or even customs. The entries suggest a broad application in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מַעֲשֶׂה 233 n.m. deed, work

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4639 מַעֲשֶׂה deed, work

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4639 ma`aseh mah-as-eh'

from 6213; an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction;

abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically,

a poem) or (generally) property:--act, art, + bakemeat,

business, deed, do(-ing), labor, thing made, ware of making,

occupation, thing offered, operation, possession, X well,

((handy-, needle-, net-))work(ing, - manship), wrought.

see HEBREW for 06213

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: work.

: work/product

1) deed, work

1a) deed, thing done, act

1b) work, labour

1c) business, pursuit

1d) undertaking, enterprise

1e) achievement

1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)

1g) work, thing made

1h) work (of God)

1i) product

מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: justice.

: justice/right/righteousness

1) deed, work

1a) deed, thing done, act

1b) work, labour

1c) business, pursuit

1d) undertaking, enterprise

1e) achievement

1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)

1g) work, thing made

1h) work (of God)

1i) product

מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: judgement.

: judgement/punishment

1) deed, work

1a) deed, thing done, act

1b) work, labour

1c) business, pursuit

1d) undertaking, enterprise

1e) achievement

1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)

1g) work, thing made

1h) work (of God)

1i) product

מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: custom.

: custom/manner

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
שַׁרְשְׁר֔וֹתshar.she.Rot chains H8333 Noun common · feminine plural absolute
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word also means a chain, but can also describe a decorative garland. It is used in the Bible to describe a series of connected items.
Amplified meaning
chain, interlinked chains
Tyndale gloss
chain
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁרְשְׁרָה (sharsharah) is a feminine noun meaning 'chain.' It is derived from the root word for 'to bind' and is noted in some contexts as possibly referring to a garland. The entries consistently define it as a chain without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שַׁרְשְׁרָה] n.f. (in spite of foll. sf. masc.) chain

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8333 [שַׁרְשְׁרָה] n.f. (in spite of foll. sf. masc.) chain

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8333 sharahrah shar-sher-aw'

from 8327 (compare 8331); a chain; (arch.) probably a

garland:--chain.

see HEBREW for 08327

see HEBREW for 08331

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁרְשְׁרָה (shar.she.rah) — chain.

chain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absolute
HNcfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ (Used as ornaments)

→ Worn by princes Ge 41:42; Da 5:7,29

→ Worn on ankles Nu 31:50; Isa 3:19

→ Worn on the breastplate of high priest Ex 28:14; 39:15

→ As ornaments on camels Jud 8:26

→ A partition of, in the temple 1Ki 6:21; 7:17

→ Used to confine prisoners Ps 68:6; 149:8; Jer 40:4; Ac 12:6,7; 21:33; 28:20;

networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
לַכֹּ֣תָרֹ֔תla.Ko.ta.Rot [belonged] to the capitals H3805 Preposition · noun common feminine plural absolute
24× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes the capital or top part of a column, often decorated with intricate designs, like those found in Solomon's Temple.
Amplified meaning
top parts, crowns
Tyndale gloss
capital
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּתֶ֫רֶת (kothereth) refers to the capital or crown of a column, specifically the decorative top part that adorns a pillar. The term is derived from a related root and is consistently defined across lexicons as a feminine noun. It emphasizes the architectural aspect of columns in structures.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּתֶ֫רֶת, כּוֹתֶ֫רֶת n.f. capital of a pillar (as surrounding, crowning its top)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3805 כֹּתֶ֫רֶת, כּוֹתֶ֫רֶת, כֹתֶרֶת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3805 kothereth ko-theh'-reth

feminine active participle of 3803; the capital of a

column:--chapiter.

see HEBREW for 03803

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּתֶ֫רֶת (ko.te.ret) — capital.

capital crown, capital of a pillar

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fp — Preposition · noun common feminine plural absolute
HRd/Ncfpa
networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
אֲשֶׁ֖ר'a.Sher which H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTr — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
עַל־'al- [were] on H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
רֹ֣אשׁrosh [the] top of H7218 Noun common · masculine singular construct
600× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means chief or prince, and is used to describe leaders in the Bible, such as in the book of 1 Samuel. It signifies a position of authority and importance.
Tyndale gloss
head
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֹאשׁ (ro'sh) means 'head' and encompasses various meanings related to position and rank. It can refer to the head of a person or animal, the top of a mountain, or a chief in various contexts, such as a city or nation. The word also signifies beginnings and sums, appearing in phrases related to enumeration. Additionally, it serves as a proper noun for 'Rosh,' a title for a chief or prince.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֹאשׁ 599 n.m.

(c. 230 t.) head, of human being

head, of animals

top (88 t.)

height, of stars

head = chief (man)

= chief (city)

chief nation

= chief (place, position)

= chief priest

= head of a family

head = front, leader's place

of time, beginning, of night watch

of things, river-heads

chief, choicest, best, of spices

head = division of army, company, band

= sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

other phr.

base

רֹאשׁ n.pr.gent. Rôsh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7218a רֹאשׁ . . (c. 230 t.) head, of human being

. head, of animals

. . top (88 t.)

. height, of stars

. . head = chief (man)

. = chief (city)

. chief nation

. = chief (place, position)

. = chief priest

. = head of a family

. . head = front, leader's place

. of time, beginning, of night watch

. of things, river-heads

. chief, choicest, best, of spices

. head = division of army, company, band

. = sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

. other phr.

H7218b רֹאשׁ n. pr. gent. Rôsh

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7218 ro'sh roshe

from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as

most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many

applications, of place, time, rank, itc.):--band, beginning,

captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company,

end, X every (man), excellent, first, forefront, ((be-))head,

height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), X lead, X poor,

principal, ruler, sum, top.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head.

: head

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — prince.

Rosh, a tite for a chief or prince

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: leader.

: leader

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: top.

: top/best

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
הָעַמּוּדִ֑יםha.'a.mu.Dim the pillars H5982 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
111× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word refers to a pillar or column, often used as a symbol of strength or support. It can also describe a platform or a stand, like a column of smoke rising into the air. The word is used in various contexts, including architecture and nature.
Tyndale gloss
pillar
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַמּוּד (ammuwd) means 'pillar' or 'column,' referring to a vertical support structure. It can denote both a physical pillar and a platform. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to stand.' The entries consistently emphasize its architectural connotation, with no significant disagreement noted among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַמּוּד, עַמֻּד 110 n.m. pillar, column

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5982 עַמּוּד, עַמֻּד pillar, column

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5982 `ammuwd am-mood'

or ammud {am-mood'}; from 5975; a column (as standing); also

a stand, i.e. platform:--X apiece, pillar.

see HEBREW for 05975

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַמּוּד (am.mud) — pillar.

1) pillar, column

1a) pillar

1b) column, upright

1c) column (of smoke)

עַמּוּד (am.mud) — (Hall of) Pillars.

Combined with u.lam (אוּלָם "Hall" H0197)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- The supports of a building

Jud 16:29

- Things raised up as memorials

Ge 31:51

- MADE OF

. Marble

Es 1:6

. Wood

1Ki 10:12

. Iron

Jer 1:18

. Brass

1Ki 7:15

. Silver

So 3:10

- The vail and hangings of the tabernacle supported by

Ex 26:32,37; 36:36,38

- Two, placed in the temple porch

1Ki 7:15-21

- OF MEMORIAL

. Sometimes of a single stone

Ge 28:18

networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
שִׁבְעָה֙shiv.'Ah seven H7651 Noun common · both singular absolute
395× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means the number seven, which was considered a special or sacred number. It can also mean seven times or a week, and is used in the Bible to describe completeness or perfection. The KJV translates it as seven or sevenfold.
Tyndale gloss
seven
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׁ֫בַע (sheba`) means 'seven' and is a cardinal number. It can also imply 'seven times' or refer to a week. The term appears in various contexts, including combinations like 17 or 700. Its Aramaic equivalent is שִׁבְעָה (shiv.ah), also meaning 'seven'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה 394 n.m. et f. seven

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7651 שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה seven

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7651 sheba` sheh'-bah

or (masculine) shibrah {shib-aw'}; from 7650; a primitive

cardinal number; seven (as the sacred full one); also

(adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by

extension, an indefinite number:--(+ by) seven(-fold),-s,

(-teen, -teenth), -th, times). Compare 7658.

see HEBREW for 07650

see HEBREW for 07658

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׁ֫בַע (she.va) — seven.

1) seven (cardinal number)

1a) as ordinal number

1b) in combination-17, 700 etc

Aramaic equivalent: shiv.ah (שִׁבְעָה "seven" H7655)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Noun common · both singular absolute
HNcbsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sev'-'-n (shebha`; hepta).

See NUMBER.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Seven

This number occurs frequently in Scripture, and in such connections as lead to the supposition that it has some typical meaning. On the seventh day God rested, and hallowed it (Gen. 2:2, 3). The division of time into weeks of seven days each accounts for many instances of the occurrence of this number. This number has been called the symbol of perfection, and also the symbol of rest. “Jacob’s seven years’ service to Laban; Pharaoh’s seven fat oxen and seven lean ones; the seven branches of the golden candlestick; the seven trumpets and the seven priests who sounded them; the seven days’ siege of Jericho; the seven churches, seven spirits, seven stars, seven seals, seven vials, and many others, sufficiently prove the importance of this sacred number” (see Lev. 25:4;

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The frequent recurrence of certain numbers in the sacred literature of the Hebrews is obvious to the most superficial reader, but seven so far surpasses the rest, both in the frequency with which it recurs and in the importance of the objects with which it is associated, that it may fairly be termed the representative symbolic number. The influence of the number seven was not restricted to the Hebrews; it prevailed among the Persians, ancient Indians, Greeks and Romans. The peculiarity of the Hebrew view consists in the special dignity of the seventh, and not simply in that of seen. The Sabbath being the seventh day suggested the adoption of seven as the coefficient, so to say, for their appointment of all sacred periods; and we thus find the 7th month ushered in by the Feast of Trumpets, and signalized by the celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles and the Great Day of Atonement; 7…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

As from the beginning this was the number of days in the week, so it often has in Scripture a sort of emphasis attached to it, and is very generally used as a round or perfect number. Clean beasts were taken into the ark by sevens, Ge 7:1-24. The years of plenty and famine in Egypt were marked by sevens, Ge 41:1-57. With the Jews, not only was there a seventh day Sabbath, but every seventh year was a Sabbath, and after every seven times seven years came a jubilee. Their great feasts of unleavened bread and of tabernacles were observed for seven days; the number of animals in many of their sacrifices was limited to seven. The golden candlestick had seven branches. Seven priests with seven trumpets went around the walls of Jericho seven days, and seven times on the seventh day. In…

networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
לַכֹּתֶ֣רֶתla.ko.Te.ret for the capital H3805 Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
24× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes the capital or top part of a column, often decorated with intricate designs, like those found in Solomon's Temple.
Amplified meaning
column top, decorated crown
Tyndale gloss
capital
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּתֶ֫רֶת (kothereth) refers to the capital or crown of a column, specifically the decorative top part that adorns a pillar. The term is derived from a related root and is consistently defined across lexicons as a feminine noun. It emphasizes the architectural aspect of columns in structures.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּתֶ֫רֶת, כּוֹתֶ֫רֶת n.f. capital of a pillar (as surrounding, crowning its top)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3805 כֹּתֶ֫רֶת, כּוֹתֶ֫רֶת, כֹתֶרֶת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3805 kothereth ko-theh'-reth

feminine active participle of 3803; the capital of a

column:--chapiter.

see HEBREW for 03803

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּתֶ֫רֶת (ko.te.ret) — capital.

capital crown, capital of a pillar

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HRd/Ncfsa
networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
הָאֶחָ֔תha.'e.Chat one H259 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
971× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means one or united, and is used to describe something that is single or unique. It is often translated as one, first, or alone. For example, in Genesis 1:5, God calls the light day and the darkness night, and separates them into one thing from another.
Tyndale gloss
one
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֶחָד (echad) means 'one' and is derived from a numeral. It encompasses meanings such as each, every, a certain, and can serve as an indefinite article. It is also used as an ordinal to denote 'first' and appears in various combinations, including eleven. The entries consistently emphasize its numerical and qualitative aspects.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶחָד 972 adj.num. one

one

= each, every

= a certain

= indef. art.

only, & (fem.) once

one … another, one … the other

as ordinal first

in combin.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H259 אֶחָד one . one

. = each, every

. = a certain

. = indef. art.

. only, & (fem.) once

. one … another, one … the other

. as ordinal first

. in combin.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

259 'echad ekh-awd'

a numeral from 258; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an

ordinal) first:--a, alike, alone, altogether, and,

any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-)ly, each (one), +

eleven, every, few, first, + highway, a man, once, one, only,

other, some, together,

see HEBREW for 0258

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶחָד (e.chad) — one.

1) one (number)

1a) one (number)

1b) each, every

1c) a certain

1d) an (indefinite article)

1e) only, once, once for all

1f) one...another, the one...the other, one after another, one by one

1g) first

1h) eleven (in combination), eleventh (ordinal)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | Adj — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wun.

See NUMBER.

networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
וְשִׁבְעָ֖הve.shiv.'Ah and seven H7651 Conjunction · noun common both singular absolute
395× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means the number seven, which was considered a special or sacred number. It can also mean seven times or a week, and is used in the Bible to describe completeness or perfection. The KJV translates it as seven or sevenfold.
Tyndale gloss
seven
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׁ֫בַע (sheba`) means 'seven' and is a cardinal number. It can also imply 'seven times' or refer to a week. The term appears in various contexts, including combinations like 17 or 700. Its Aramaic equivalent is שִׁבְעָה (shiv.ah), also meaning 'seven'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה 394 n.m. et f. seven

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7651 שֶׁ֫בַע, שִׁבְעָה seven

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7651 sheba` sheh'-bah

or (masculine) shibrah {shib-aw'}; from 7650; a primitive

cardinal number; seven (as the sacred full one); also

(adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by

extension, an indefinite number:--(+ by) seven(-fold),-s,

(-teen, -teenth), -th, times). Compare 7658.

see HEBREW for 07650

see HEBREW for 07658

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׁ֫בַע (she.va) — seven.

1) seven (cardinal number)

1a) as ordinal number

1b) in combination-17, 700 etc

Aramaic equivalent: shiv.ah (שִׁבְעָה "seven" H7655)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncbsa — Conjunction · noun common both singular absolute
HC/Ncbsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sev'-'-n (shebha`; hepta).

See NUMBER.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Seven

This number occurs frequently in Scripture, and in such connections as lead to the supposition that it has some typical meaning. On the seventh day God rested, and hallowed it (Gen. 2:2, 3). The division of time into weeks of seven days each accounts for many instances of the occurrence of this number. This number has been called the symbol of perfection, and also the symbol of rest. “Jacob’s seven years’ service to Laban; Pharaoh’s seven fat oxen and seven lean ones; the seven branches of the golden candlestick; the seven trumpets and the seven priests who sounded them; the seven days’ siege of Jericho; the seven churches, seven spirits, seven stars, seven seals, seven vials, and many others, sufficiently prove the importance of this sacred number” (see Lev. 25:4;

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The frequent recurrence of certain numbers in the sacred literature of the Hebrews is obvious to the most superficial reader, but seven so far surpasses the rest, both in the frequency with which it recurs and in the importance of the objects with which it is associated, that it may fairly be termed the representative symbolic number. The influence of the number seven was not restricted to the Hebrews; it prevailed among the Persians, ancient Indians, Greeks and Romans. The peculiarity of the Hebrew view consists in the special dignity of the seventh, and not simply in that of seen. The Sabbath being the seventh day suggested the adoption of seven as the coefficient, so to say, for their appointment of all sacred periods; and we thus find the 7th month ushered in by the Feast of Trumpets, and signalized by the celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles and the Great Day of Atonement; 7…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

As from the beginning this was the number of days in the week, so it often has in Scripture a sort of emphasis attached to it, and is very generally used as a round or perfect number. Clean beasts were taken into the ark by sevens, Ge 7:1-24. The years of plenty and famine in Egypt were marked by sevens, Ge 41:1-57. With the Jews, not only was there a seventh day Sabbath, but every seventh year was a Sabbath, and after every seven times seven years came a jubilee. Their great feasts of unleavened bread and of tabernacles were observed for seven days; the number of animals in many of their sacrifices was limited to seven. The golden candlestick had seven branches. Seven priests with seven trumpets went around the walls of Jericho seven days, and seven times on the seventh day. In…

networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
לַכֹּתֶ֥רֶתla.ko.Te.ret for the capital H3805 Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
24× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes the capital or top part of a column, often decorated with intricate designs, like those found in Solomon's Temple.
Tyndale gloss
capital
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּתֶ֫רֶת (kothereth) refers to the capital or crown of a column, specifically the decorative top part that adorns a pillar. The term is derived from a related root and is consistently defined across lexicons as a feminine noun. It emphasizes the architectural aspect of columns in structures.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּתֶ֫רֶת, כּוֹתֶ֫רֶת n.f. capital of a pillar (as surrounding, crowning its top)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3805 כֹּתֶ֫רֶת, כּוֹתֶ֫רֶת, כֹתֶרֶת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3805 kothereth ko-theh'-reth

feminine active participle of 3803; the capital of a

column:--chapiter.

see HEBREW for 03803

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּתֶ֫רֶת (ko.te.ret) — capital.

capital crown, capital of a pillar

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Ncfsa — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HRd/Ncfsa
networks work of a network festoons work of chains [belonged] to the capitals which [were] on [the] top of the pillars seven for the capital one and seven for the capital second
הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ha.she.Nit second H8145 Particle
156× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means second or again, like when Moses went up Mount Sinai a second time in Exodus 24:15-18. It can also mean another or something distinct.
Tyndale gloss
second
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֵׁנִי (sheniy) means 'second' and can also imply 'again' or 'another.' It is an ordinal number used to denote position or sequence, as well as to indicate repetition. The word is derived from a root meaning 'double' and appears in various contexts in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׁנִי m. שֵׁנִית f. 157 adj.num.ord. second

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8145 שֵׁנִי m. שֵׁנִית f. adj. num. ord. second

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8145 sheniy shay-nee'

from 8138; properly, double, i.e. second; also adverbially,

again:--again, either (of them), (an-)other, second (time).

see HEBREW for 08138

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׁנִי (she.ni) — second.

1) second

1a) second (the ordinal number)

1b) again (a second time)

1c) another, other (something as distinct from something else)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTd/Aofsa — Particle
HTd/Aofsa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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