2 Samuel 22:12 — Word Study
WLCוַיָּ֥שֶׁת חֹ֛שֶׁךְ סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו סֻכּ֑וֹת חַֽשְׁרַת־ מַ֖יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃
BSAHe madeshîyth▸ [thick, impenetrable] darknesschôshek [a state of spiritual or physical gloom] a canopyçukkâh [a covering, pavilion, or shelter] around Himçâbîyb a gatheringchashrâh△ [collection, mass] of watermayim [a source of refreshment] and thick cloudsʻâb [dense, heavy, a sign of God's presence]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיָּ֥שֶׁת | and he put | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| חֹ֛שֶׁךְ | darkness | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו | around him | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| סֻכּ֑וֹת | shelters | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| חַֽשְׁרַת־ | a sieve of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| מַ֖יִם | waters | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| עָבֵ֥י | dark clouds of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| שְׁחָקִֽים׃ | clouds | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He made darkness a canopy around Him, a gathering of water and thick clouds. |
| KJV | And he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies. |
| ASV | And he made darkness pavilions round about him, Gathering of waters, thick clouds of the skies. |
| YLT | And He setteth darkness Round about Him — tabernacles, Darkness of waters — thick clouds of the skies. |
| WEB | He made darkness a shelter around himself, gathering of waters, and thick clouds of the skies. |
| BBE | And he made the dark his tent round him, a mass of waters, thick clouds of the skies. |
Where they part company is סֻכּוֹת — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by descriptive phrases, highlighting the action of God and the elements surrounding Him.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
verbשִׁית
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 8 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Samuel 22:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Song of Davidgenerated
2 Samuel 22:12 describes how God surrounds Himself with darkness, symbolizing His majesty and mystery. This imagery reflects the theme of divine protection and power, as seen throughout David's song of praise. The surrounding verses illustrate God's might, as He rides upon the cherubim and commands the elements, reinforcing the idea that He is both a refuge and a force of nature.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Samuel 22:10 | He parted the heavens and came down with dark clouds beneath His feet. |
| 2 | Psalm 18:11–12 | He made darkness His hiding place, and storm clouds a canopy around Him. |
| 3 | Psalm 27:5 | For in the day of trouble He will hide me in His shelter; He will conceal me under the cover of His tent; He will set me high upon a rock. |
| 4 | Psalm 97:2 | Clouds and darkness surround Him; righteousness and justice are His throne’s foundation. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חֹ֛שֶׁךְ, Cho.shekhgenerated
The Hebrew word חֹשֶׁךְ (choshek) refers to darkness in both physical and spiritual senses. It encompasses not only the absence of light but also states of despair and moral obscurity. This word is often used in contexts that evoke feelings of gloom or judgment, emphasizing its multifaceted nature.
In this verse, חֹשֶׁךְ signifies a thick, impenetrable darkness that serves as a canopy around God, indicating His protective and enveloping presence. The use of this term highlights the contrast between divine light and human darkness.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses darkness to translate חֹשֶׁךְ.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is וַיָּ֥שֶׁת (vai.Ya.shet), meaning 'and he put'. This verb governs the entire clause, indicating the action of God placing darkness around Him.
The structure of the verse includes a noun phrase describing the darkness, followed by a prepositional phrase indicating its surrounding nature, and concludes with a collection of water and clouds. The arrangement emphasizes God's enveloping presence.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חֹשֶׁךְ as σκότος (skotos), which also means darkness. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning but can carry a more metaphorical sense of spiritual darkness.
For סֻכּוֹת, the LXX uses σκότος again, suggesting a possible interpretation of darkness as a protective covering rather than a literal shelter.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Samuel 22:12 describes how God surrounds Himself with darkness, creating a protective canopy of water and clouds. This imagery reflects God's power and presence, showing that He can both shield and command the elements.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The darkness represents God's majesty and mystery, serving as a protective barrier that indicates His divine presence.
Clouds often symbolize God's presence and power, indicating that He is both a refuge and a force of nature.
This verse connects to themes of divine protection and the contrast between light and darkness, which are prevalent throughout the Bible.
The gathering of water can symbolize refreshment and life, suggesting that God's presence brings sustenance and renewal.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see God's protective presence in my life?
- How can I find comfort in the darkness, knowing that God surrounds me?
- What does it mean for me to dwell in the shelter of God, as described in this verse?
- How can I better understand and appreciate the imagery of clouds and water in relation to God's presence?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 22:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, [and] thick clouds of the skies. [See comments on Psalms 18:11].
Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 22 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies. He made darkness pavilions round about him , [ cukowt (H5521)] - booths; used here for a tabernacle of God (cf. Job 36:29; Psalms 97:2).
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 22 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) Made darkness pavilions.—Psalms 18, more fully, “He made darkness his secret place; his pavilion round about him were dark waters.” A word appears to have dropped out here, and in the second clause the margin, “binding (or gathering) of waters” is a more exact translation, the word differing in one letter from that used in the psalm.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Samuel 22 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. More fully in Psalms 18:11 : “He made darkness his secret place, his pavilion round about him; even darkness of waters, thick clouds of the skies.” The darkness of the clouds is the tent in which God shrouds His Majesty. dark waters] So Psalms 18:11; but the word here, which is most probably the original reading, means the gathering of waters.
Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 22 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible12. Darkness… waters… clouds — All these constitute his dwelling, tent, or pavilion, when he moves forth in the dispensations of his providence. His judgments are a great deep, and founded in reasons oft hid from the minds of men.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 2 Samuel 22 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He made darkness a canopy around Him, a gathering of water and thick clouds.
He made darkness a shelter around himself, gathering of waters, and thick clouds of the skies.
He made darkness a canopy around Him, a gathering of water and thick clouds.
He shrouded himself in darkness, in thick rain clouds.
Tyndale line
And he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies.
And he made darkness pavilions round about him, Gathering of waters, thick clouds of the skies.
And he made darkness pavilions round about him, gathering of waters, thick clouds of the skies.
And he made darkness pavilions around him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies.
And hee made darkenesse a Tabernacle round about him, euen the gatherings of waters, and the cloudes of the ayre.
Strictly literal
And he made darkness round about him a tent, Gatherings of waters, thick clouds of the skies.
And He setteth darkness Round about Him — tabernacles, Darkness of waters — thick clouds of the skies.
And He sets darkness around Him [for His] dwelling places, || Darkness of waters [and] thick clouds of the skies.
And he made darkness round about him into pavilions, heavy masses of waters, thick clouds of the skies.
He made darkness a tent around him, gathering heavy rain clouds in the skies.
From the Latin
He made darkness a covering round about him: dropping waters out of the clouds of the heavens.
Simplified
He hid himself in darkness, covering himself with black rainclouds.
And he made the dark his tent round him, a mass of waters, thick clouds of the skies.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: וַיָּ֥שֶׁת חֹ֛שֶׁךְ סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו סֻכּ֑וֹת חַֽשְׁרַת־ מַ֖יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃. The Septuagint matches 7 of the 8 words, maintaining the core imagery while differing slightly in word order and articles.
וַיָּ֥שֶׁת חֹ֛שֶׁךְ סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו סֻכּ֑וֹת חַֽשְׁרַת־ מַ֖יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃
7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 22:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שִׁית (shiyth) is a primitive root meaning to put or set, with a wide range of applications including appointing, laying, and constituting. It can also imply taking a stand or being imposed upon. The entries consistently emphasize its versatility in contexts of action and intention.
שִׁית vb. put, set
Qal
put, lay
set, station
set one's mind to, give heed, attention
set, fix
constitute, make one something
internally trans., = take one's stand
Hoph. if a ransom be imposed
base
H7896 שִׁית put, set .. put, lay
. . set, station
. set one's mind to, give heed, attention
. set, fix
. constitute, make one something
. internally trans., = take one's stand
. if a ransom be imposed
7896 shiyth sheeth
a primitive root; to place (in a very wide
application):--apply, appoint, array, bring, consider, lay
(up), let alone, X look, make, mark, put (on), + regard, set,
shew, be stayed, X take.
שִׁית (shit) — to set: make.
: make/establish
1) to put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)
1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to
1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform
1a4) to take one's stand
1a5) to lay waste
1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon
שִׁית (shit) — to set: put.
: put/bring
1) to put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)
1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to
1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform
1a4) to take one's stand
1a5) to lay waste
1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon
שִׁית (shit) — to set: appoint.
: appoint
1) to put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)
1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to
1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform
1a4) to take one's stand
1a5) to lay waste
1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon
שִׁית (shit) — to set: accuse.
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
put (puT; Phoud, in Genesis and Chronicles, variant for Genesis Phout, for Chronicles, Phouth):
1. Renderings:
In consequence of the identification at the time, the prophets have "Libya" (Libues), except Nab 3:9, where the Greek renders the word as phuge, "flight." The Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) has "Phut," "Phuth," and in the Prophets "Libyes" and "Libya"; the King James Version "Phut."
2. Son of Ham:
In the "Table of Nations" Put is the third son of Ham (Ge 10:6), the first and second being Cush and Misraim, and the fourth Canaan. Put is the only one of the sons of Ham who is not credited with descendants.
3. As Nationality:
In the Prophets, warriors from Put are referred to, principally in connection with the forces of Egypt. They appear as shield-bearers (Jer 46:9…
(1 Chronicles 1:8; Nahum 3:9) [PHUT, PUT]
→ See PHUT
חֹ֫שֶׁךְ (choshek) refers to darkness or obscurity, both in a literal sense and in various figurative contexts such as distress, ignorance, and evil. It can also denote secret or hiding places. The word is built from a root meaning 'dark' and encompasses a range of meanings related to judgment and confusion.
חֹ֫שֶׁךְ n.m. darkness, obscurity
darkness (opp. אוֹר)
= secret place(s); = hiding-place
fig.
= distress
= dread, terror, symbol. of judgment
= mourning
= perplexity; confusion
= ignorance
= evil, sin
= obscurity
base
H2822 חֹ֫שֶׁךְ darkness, obscurity . darkness (opp. אוֹר)
. = secret place(s); = hiding-place
. fig. . = distress
. = dread, terror, symbol. of judgment
. = mourning
. = perplexity; confusion
. = ignorance
. = evil, sin
. = obscurity
2822 choshek kho-shek'
from 2821; the dark; hence (literally) darkness;
figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow,
wickedness:--dark(-ness), night, obscurity.
see HEBREW for 02821
חֹ֫שֶׁךְ (cho.shekh) — darkness.
1) darkness, obscurity
1a) darkness
1b) secret place
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Darkness
The plague (the ninth) of darkness in Egypt (Ex. 10:21) is described as darkness “which may be felt.” It covered “all the land of Egypt,” so that “they saw not one another.” It did not extend to the land of Goshen (ver. 23).
When Jesus hung upon the cross (Matt. 27:45; Luke 23:44), from the “sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.”
is spoken of as encompassing the actual presence of God, as that out of which he speaks, --the envelope, as it were, of divine glory. (Exodus 20:21; 1 Kings 8:12) The plague of darkness in Egypt was miraculous. The darkness "over all the land," (Matthew 27:45) attending the crucifixion has been attributed to an eclipse, but was undoubtedly miraculous, as no eclipse of the sun could have taken place at that time, the moon being at the full at the time of the passover. Darkness is also, as in the expression "land of darkness," used for the state of the dead, (Job 10:21,22) and frequently, figuratively, for ignorance and unbelief, as the privation of spiritual light. (
The absence of natural light, Ge 1:2, and hence figuratively a state of misery and adversity, Job 18:6 Ps 107:10 Isa 8:22 9:1; also the absence of the sun and stars, and hence the fall of chief men and national convulsions, Isa 13:10 Ac 2:20. "Works of darkness," are the impure mysteries practiced in heathen worship, Eph 5:11. "Outer darkness" illustrates the gloom of those on whom the gates of heaven are closed, Mt 8:12. The darkness in Egypt,
סָבִיב (cabiyb) primarily means 'around' and is used as a noun, adverb, and preposition. It denotes a circle, neighbors, or the surrounding area, often implying a sense of being on every side or in a circuit. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in contexts of proximity and encirclement.
סָבִיב 336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
base
H5439 סָבִיב subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
5439 cabiyb saw-beeb'
or (feminine) cbiybah {seb-ee-baw'}; from 5437; (as noun) a
circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with
or without preposition) around:--(place, round) about,
circuit, compass, on every side.
see HEBREW for 05437
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around.
: around/border
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: side.
: side
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: whole.
: whole
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: neighours.
: neighours
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
N-cp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word סֻכָּה (*sukkah*) refers to a thicket or booth, indicating a temporary shelter or covert. It is a feminine noun derived from the root word for a hut or lair. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to temporary structures, such as booths or tabernacles.
סֻכָּה n.f. thicket, booth
base
H5521 סֻכָּה thicket, booth
5521 cukkah sook-kaw'
fem of 5520; a hut or lair:--booth, cottage, covert,
pavilion, tabernacle, tent.
see HEBREW for 05520
סֻכָּה (suk.kah) — booth.
1) thicket, covert, booth
1a) thicket
1b) booth (rude or temporary shelter)
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
חַשְׁרָה (chashrah) refers to a collection or mass, specifically an accumulation of water or watery clouds. It is derived from a related word that conveys the idea of gathering. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to a collection, without significant disagreement among lexicographers.
[חַשְׁרָה] n.f. collection, mass
base
H2841 חַשְׁרָה
2841 chashrah khash-raw'
from the same as 2840; properly, a combination or gathering,
i.e. of watery clouds:--dark.
see HEBREW for 02840
חַשְׁרָה (chash.rah) — collection.
collection, mass, an accumulation of water
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.
[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
base
H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
4325 mayim mah'-yim
dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+
piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).
מַי (ma.yim) — water.
1) water, waters
1a) water
1b) water of the feet, urine
1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)
מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).
This name means water, refreshment
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
wo'-terz (mayim, plural of may, "water"; in the New Testament hudor, "water"; kindunois potamon (2Co 11:26), the King James Version "perils of waters," is in the Revised Version (British and American) "perils of rivers"): In the New Testament there is frequent reference to the water of baptism. Pilate washes his hands with water to signify his guiltlessness. Jesus tells the Samaritan woman of the living water. The Lamb shall guide the redeemed unto fountains of waters of life.
The uses of mayim are well classified in BDB, especially the figurative references, as follows: a symbol of distress, "when thou passest through the waters" (Isa 43:2); of force, "like the breach of waters" (2Sa 5:20); of that which is overwhelming, "a…
עָב (‘ab) refers to a dark cloud or cloud mass, and can also mean a thicket. The word is derived from a root meaning to envelop or cover, suggesting density or darkness. It appears in contexts related to clouds and thick vegetation, as noted in 2 Chronicles 4:17.
עָב 53 n.m. dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket
base
H5645 עָב dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket
5645 `ab awb
(masculine and feminine); from 5743; properly, an envelope,
i.e. darkness (or density, 2 Chron. 4:17); specifically, a
(scud) cloud; also a copse:--clay, (thick) cloud, X thick,
thicket. Compare 5672.
see HEBREW for 05743
see HEBREW for 05672
עָב (av) — cloud.
1) darkness, cloud, thicket
1a) dark cloud
1b) cloud mass
1c) thicket (as refuge)
N-cp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שַׁ֫חַק (shachaq) refers to fine dust or a thin cloud. It is derived from a root meaning to beat small, and its range includes both physical dust and vaporous clouds, extending to concepts of the firmament or sky. The entries consistently emphasize its qualities of fineness and thinness.
שַׁ֫חַק n.m. dust, cloud (as fine, thin)
base
H7834 שַׁ֫חַק dust, cloud (as fine, thin)
7834 shachaq shakh'-ak
from 7833; a powder (as beaten small): by analogy, a thin
vapor; by extension, the firmament:--cloud, small dust,
heaven, sky.
see HEBREW for 07833
שַׁ֫חַק (sha.chaq) — cloud.
1) dust, cloud
1a) fine dust
1b) (thin) cloud
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
In the summer season of Palestine, were an unlooked-for phenomenon, 1Sa 12:17,18, and rising from off the Mediterranean, betokened rain, 1Ki 18:44 Lu 12:54. Clouds are the symbol of armies and multitudes, probably by their grand and majestic movements, Isa 60:8 Jer 4:13 Heb 12:1. They betokened the presence of Jehovah, as on mount Sinai,
Ex 19:9 24:12-18; in the temple, Ex 40:34 1Ki 8:10; in the cloudy…