Psalms 97:2 — Word Study
WLCעָנָ֣ן וַעֲרָפֶ֣ל סְבִיבָ֑יו צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט מְכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֽוֹ׃
BSACloudsʻânân [dark and thick] and darknessʻărâphel [gloom or thick darkness] surround Himçâbîyb righteousnesstsedeq [God's character, moral integrity] and justicemishpâṭ [righteous judgment, fair decision] are His throne’skiççêʼ [seat of power, authority] foundationmâkôwn [base, established place]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עָנָ֣ן | cloud | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וַעֲרָפֶ֣ל | and thick darkness | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| סְבִיבָ֑יו | [are] around him | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| צֶ֥דֶק | [is] righteousness | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט | and justice | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| מְכ֣וֹן | [the] foundation of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| כִּסְאֽוֹ׃ | throne his | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Clouds and darkness surround Him; righteousness and justice are His throne’s foundation. |
| KJV | Clouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne. |
| ASV | Clouds and darkness are round about him: Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne. |
| YLT | Cloud and darkness [are] round about Him, Righteousness and judgment the basis of His throne. |
| WEB | Clouds and darkness are around him. Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne. |
| BBE | Dark clouds are round him; his kingdom is based on righteousness and right judging. |
Where they part company is עֲרָפֶל — see How Translations Differ.
The structure presents a main clause followed by two noun phrases that describe the qualities of God's throne.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 97:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Sovereignty of the LORDgenerated
Psalm 97:2 describes the LORD's majestic presence, emphasizing the clouds and darkness that surround Him, symbolizing His power and mystery. This verse is part of a larger celebration of God's kingship, where the earth rejoices in His reign, as seen in the preceding verse. The psalmist portrays a vivid image of God's authority, which is undergirded by righteousness and justice, foundational elements of His rule.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 18:11–12 | He made darkness His hiding place, and storm clouds a canopy around Him. |
| 2 | Psalm 77:19 | Your path led through the sea, Your way through the mighty waters, but Your footprints were not to be found. |
| 3 | Exodus 20:21 | And the people stood at a distance as Moses approached the thick darkness where God was. |
| 4 | Exodus 24:16–18 | and the glory of the LORD settled on Mount Sinai. For six days the cloud covered it, and on the seventh day the LORD called to Moses from within the cloud. |
| 5 | Deuteronomy 4:11–12 | You came near and stood at the base of the mountain, a mountain blazing with fire to the heavens, with black clouds and deep darkness. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עָנָן, 'a.Nangenerated
The word עָנָן ('a.Nan) means 'cloud' and can refer to a cloud-mass or a theophanic cloud, which is a divine manifestation. It is derived from the root עָנָה (anah), indicating a connection to God's presence.
It appears in contexts related to weather and divine presence, often signifying the atmosphere surrounding God. The use of this word in Exodus 19:9 shows its significance in theophanies, where God reveals Himself to His people.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb is implied in the structure, with the subject being the clouds and darkness that surround God. The verse presents two main elements: the surrounding clouds and darkness, and the foundational qualities of righteousness and justice.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the surrounding nature of the clouds and darkness before introducing the qualities that form the foundation of God's throne, highlighting their significance.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
עָנָן is rendered as νεφέλη in the Septuagint, which also means 'cloud'. This choice aligns with the imagery of divine presence and protection.
עֲרָפֶל is translated as γνόφος, emphasizing the heavy and oppressive nature of darkness, which conveys a sense of foreboding and mystery.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 97:2 tells us that clouds and darkness surround God, symbolizing His power and majesty. Righteousness and justice are described as the foundation of His throne, showing that His authority is based on fairness and moral integrity.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
They symbolize God's majesty and the mystery of His presence.
They indicate that God's authority is established on moral integrity and fair judgment.
It emphasizes that God reigns with righteousness and justice, which are essential attributes of His rule.
Other passages, such as Psalm 89:14, also highlight righteousness and justice as core aspects of God's governance.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I understand God's presence in my life, like the clouds surrounding Him?
- In what ways can I reflect God's righteousness and justice in my actions?
- What does it mean for me to recognize God's authority as the foundation of my life?
- How can I find comfort in the idea that God rules with fairness and integrity?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early church father Augustine of Hippo quotes this verse to discuss God's judgment and authority, interpreting the clouds and darkness as aspects of His divine presence.
"Clouds and darkness are round about Him: righteousness and judgment are the direction of His seat" [Psalms 97:2]....The Lord Himself says: "For judgment I have come into this…Early Church Fathers on Psalms 97 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 97:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleClouds and darkness are round about him,.... Either as a garment; so Apollinarius paraphrases it, "near is the King clothed with a cloud and tempest;'' and it is usual with the Heathens to represent
Read John Gill on Psalms 97 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryClouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 97 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleClouds and darkness are round about him; a dark cloud doth encompass him; wherein he seems to allude to that dark cloud in which God did anciently so often manifest his presence for the comfort of his saints, and for the terror and punishment of evil-doers. The design of these words is to describe either, 1. The depth and unsearchableness of God’ s judgments. Or, 2. The obscurity of Christ’ s coming, that the Divine Majesty did veil himself with flesh, and came not with that outward splendour which the Jews expected. Or rather, 3. The terror of his presence and coming to his enemies, of which he manifestly speaks in the following verses; and of which the prophets frequently speak when they…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 97 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 97:2 Clouds and darkness [are] round about him: righteousness and judgment [are] the habitation of his throne.Ver. 2. Clouds and darkness are round about him] As once at the delivering of the law, so now in publishing the gospel, he is no less terrible, having vengeance in store for the disobedient, 2 Corinthians 10:6. It is a savour of death to unbelievers. Christ came to send fire on the earth, Luke 12:49. Righteousness and judgment, &c.] Mercy Christ hath for the penitent, judgment for the rebellious, who seek to dethrone him. Woe to those gospel sinners.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 97 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(2) Clouds and darkness.—Comp. Psalms 18:10-12. The imagery in the first instance is borrowed from the Theophany at Sinai. (Exodus 19:9; Exodus 19:16; Exodus 20:21; Deuteronomy 4:11; Deuteronomy 5:22-23.) Are the habitation.—Better, are the foundation, or pillars. (See margin.) This reappears from Psalms 89:14, but the connection with “clouds and darkness” is peculiar to this poet, and is striking. The immediate effect on the Hebrew mind, of the awful manifestation of the Divine power in nature, is not fear, but a sublime sense of safety in the established right and truth of God. They knew that it is one and the same power “Which makes the darkness and the light, And dwells not in the light…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 97 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 2. Clouds and darkness are round about him] It is granted that this is a subject which cannot be comprehended. And why? Because God is infinite; he acts from his own counsels, which are infinite; in reference to ends which are also infinite: therefore, the reasons of his government cannot be comprehended by the feeble, limited powers of man. There must be clouds and darkness - an impenetrable obscurity, round about him; and we can no more comprehend him in what is called aeternitas a parte ante - the eternity that passed before time commenced, than we can in the aeternitas a parte post - the eternity that is to come, when time shall be no more. Yet such a Being cannot but see all…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 97 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges1–3. The proclamation of Jehovah’s kingdom of power and righteousness.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 97 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleClouds and darkness are round about him - This is a description of the majesty of God, derived probably from the manner in which he manifested himself at Mount Sinai. Exodus 19:16-19.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 97 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Clouds and darkness surround Him; righteousness and justice are His throne’s foundation.
Clouds and darkness are around him. Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne.
Clouds and darkness surround Him; righteousness and justice are His throne’s foundation.
Dark clouds surround him; equity and justice are the foundation of his throne.
Tyndale line
Clouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne.
Clouds and darkness are round about him: Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne.
Clouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and judgment are the foundation of his throne.
Clouds and darkness surround him: righteousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne.
Cloudes and darkenes are round about him: righteousnesse and iudgement are the foundation of his throne.
Strictly literal
Clouds and darkness are round about him; righteousness and judgment are the foundation of his throne.
Cloud and darkness [are] round about Him, Righteousness and judgment the basis of His throne.
Cloud and darkness [are] around Him, || Righteousness and judgment the basis of His throne.
Clouds and thick darkness are round about him: righteousness and justice are the support of his throne.
Clouds and darkness surround him. Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne.
From the Latin
The Lord hath made known his salvation: he hath revealed his justice in the sight of the Gentiles.
Simplified
He is surrounded by clouds and thick darkness; his throne is founded on justice and right.
Dark clouds are round him; his kingdom is based on righteousness and right judging.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Psalms 97:2 reads, "Clouds and darkness surround Him; righteousness and justice are His throne’s foundation," which is supported by the Septuagint, where all seven words correspond closely to the Hebrew text. This indicates a strong agreement between these two ancient witnesses. There are no significant differences noted in the Samaritan Pentateuch or the Dead Sea Scrolls for this verse, confirming the consistency of the text across these sources.
עָנָ֣ן וַעֲרָפֶ֣ל סְבִיבָ֑יו צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט מְכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֽוֹ׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 97:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עָנָן (anan) means 'cloud' and can refer to a cloud-mass or a theophanic cloud, which is a divine manifestation. It is derived from the root word עָנָה (anah). The term is used in contexts related to weather and divine presence.
עָנָן 87 n.m. cloud-mass, cloud
cloud-mass
cloud of incense
base
H6051 עָנָן cloud-mass, cloud
6051 `anan aw-nawn'
from 6049; a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e. the nimbus or
thunder-cloud:--cloud(-y).
see HEBREW for 06049
עָנָן (a.nan) — cloud.
1) cloud, cloudy, cloud-mass
1a) cloud-mass (of theophanic cloud)
1b) cloud
Aramaic equivalent: a.nan (עֲנָן "cloud" H6050)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
kloud (`anan, `abh; nephele, nephos):
I. Clouds in Palestine.
In the Bible few references are found of particular clouds or of clouds in connection with the phenomena of the weather conditions. The weather in Palestine is more even and has less variety than that in other lands. It is a long, narrow country with sea on the West and desert on the East. The wind coming from the West is always moist and brings clouds with it. If the temperature over the land is low enough the clouds will be condensed and rain will fall, but if the temperature is high, as in the five months of summer, there can be no rain even though clouds are seen. As a whole the winter is cloudy and the summer clear.
Cloud
The Hebrew so rendered means “a covering,” because clouds cover the sky. The word is used as a symbol of the Divine presence, as indicating the splendour of that glory which it conceals (Ex. 16:10; 33:9; Num. 11:25; 12:5; Job 22:14; Ps. 18:11). A “cloud without rain” is a proverbial saying, denoting a man who does not keep his promise (Prov. 16:15; Isa. 18:4; 25:5; Jude 1:12). A cloud is the figure of that which is transitory (Job 30:15;
The shelter given, and refreshment of rain promised, by clouds give them their peculiar prominence in Oriental imagery. When a cloud appears rain is ordinarily apprehended, and thus the "cloud without rain" becomes a proverb for the man of promise without performance. (Proverbs 16:15; Isaiah 18:4; 25:5; Jude 1:12) comp. Prov 25:14 The cloud is a figure of transitoriness, (Job 30:15; Hosea 6:4) and of whatever intercepts divine favor or human supplication. (Lamentations 2:1; 3:44) A bright cloud at times visited and rested on the mercy-seat. (
PILLAR OF, the miraculous token of the divine presence and care, Ex 14:24 16:10 Nu 12:5, which guided the Israelites in the desert; it was a means of protection and perhaps of shade by day, and gave them light by night, Ex 13:21,22 14:19,20. By it God directed their movements, Nu 9:15-23 14:14 De 1:33. See the beautiful application of the image to the future church in Isa 4:5.
עֲרָפֶל (araphel) refers to a cloud, specifically a heavy or dark cloud. It conveys a sense of gloom or thick darkness, as noted in various lexicons. The word is built from a root associated with darkness, and it emphasizes the heaviness of the cloud.
עֲרָפֶל n.m. cloud, heavy cloud
base
H6205 עֲרָפֶל cloud, heavy cloud
6205 `araphel ar-aw-fel'
probably from 6201; gloom (as of a lowering sky):--(gross,
thick) dark (cloud, -ness).
see HEBREW for 06201
עֲרָפֶל (a.ra.phel) — cloud.
cloud, heavy or dark cloud, darkness, gross darkness, thick darkness
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
Darkness
The plague (the ninth) of darkness in Egypt (Ex. 10:21) is described as darkness “which may be felt.” It covered “all the land of Egypt,” so that “they saw not one another.” It did not extend to the land of Goshen (ver. 23).
When Jesus hung upon the cross (Matt. 27:45; Luke 23:44), from the “sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.”
is spoken of as encompassing the actual presence of God, as that out of which he speaks, --the envelope, as it were, of divine glory. (Exodus 20:21; 1 Kings 8:12) The plague of darkness in Egypt was miraculous. The darkness "over all the land," (Matthew 27:45) attending the crucifixion has been attributed to an eclipse, but was undoubtedly miraculous, as no eclipse of the sun could have taken place at that time, the moon being at the full at the time of the passover. Darkness is also, as in the expression "land of darkness," used for the state of the dead, (Job 10:21,22) and frequently, figuratively, for ignorance and unbelief, as the privation of spiritual light. (
The absence of natural light, Ge 1:2, and hence figuratively a state of misery and adversity, Job 18:6 Ps 107:10 Isa 8:22 9:1; also the absence of the sun and stars, and hence the fall of chief men and national convulsions, Isa 13:10 Ac 2:20. "Works of darkness," are the impure mysteries practiced in heathen worship, Eph 5:11. "Outer darkness" illustrates the gloom of those on whom the gates of heaven are closed, Mt 8:12. The darkness in Egypt,
סָבִיב (cabiyb) primarily means 'around' and is used as a noun, adverb, and preposition. It denotes a circle, neighbors, or the surrounding area, often implying a sense of being on every side or in a circuit. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in contexts of proximity and encirclement.
סָבִיב 336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
base
H5439 סָבִיב subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
5439 cabiyb saw-beeb'
or (feminine) cbiybah {seb-ee-baw'}; from 5437; (as noun) a
circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with
or without preposition) around:--(place, round) about,
circuit, compass, on every side.
see HEBREW for 05437
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around.
: around/border
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: side.
: side
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: whole.
: whole
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: neighours.
: neighours
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
N-cp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
צֶ֫דֶק (tsedeq) refers to concepts of rightness and righteousness, encompassing moral, legal, and natural dimensions. It includes justice in governance, ethical correctness, and vindication in disputes. The term also suggests prosperity and deliverance, particularly in relation to God's covenant and the Messianic king. The entries consistently emphasize its broad application in both personal and societal contexts.
צֶ֫דֶק n.m. rightness, righteousness
what is right, just, normal; rightness, justness, of weights and measures
righteousness, in government
righteousness, justice, in a case or cause
rightness, in speech
righteousness, as ethically right
righteousness, as vindicated, justification in controversy with enemies and troubles, deliverance, victory, prosperity
base
H6664 צֶ֫דֶק rightness, righteousness . what is right, just, normal; rightness, justness, of weights and measures
. righteousness, in government
. righteousness, justice, in a case or cause
. rightness, in speech
. righteousness, as ethically right
. righteousness, as vindicated, justification in controversy with enemies and troubles, deliverance, victory, prosperity
6664 tsedeq tseh'-dek
from 6663; the right (natural, moral or legal); also
(abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity:--X even, (X
that which is altogether) just(-ice), ((un-))right(-eous)
(cause, -ly, - ness).
see HEBREW for 06663
צֶ֫דֶק (tse.deq) — righteousness.
1) justice, rightness, righteousness
1a) what is right or just or normal, rightness, justness (of weights and measures)
1b) righteousness (in government)
1b1) of judges, rulers, kings
1b2) of law
1b3) of Davidic king, Messiah
1b4) of Jerusalem as seat of just government
1b5) of God's attribute
1c) righteousness, justice (in case or cause)
1d) rightness (in speech)
1e) righteousness (as ethically right)
1f) righteousness (as vindicated), justification (in controversy), deliverance, victory, prosperity
1f1) of God as covenant-keeping in redemption
1f2) in name of Messianic king
1f3) of people enjoying salvation
1f4) of Cyrus
צֶ֫דֶק (tse.deq) — Righteousness.
This name means justice, righteousness
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
ri'-chus-nes (tsaddiq, adjective, "righteous," or occasionally "just" tsedheq, noun, occasionally = "riahteousness," occasionally = "justice"; dikaios, adjective, dikaiosune, noun, from dike, whose first meaning seems to have been "custom"; the general use suggested conformity to a standard: righteousness, "the state of him who is such as he ought to be" (Thayer)):
1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent
2. Social Customs and Righteousness
3. Changing Conception of Character of God: Obligations of Power
4. Righteousness as Inner
5. Righteousness as Social
6. Righteousness as Expanding in Content with Growth in Ideals of Human Worth
LITERATURE
1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent:
In Christian thought the idea of righteousness contains both a permanent and a changing element. The fixed element is the will to do right; the changing factor is the conception of…
Righteousness
See JUSTIFICATION.
Rectitude, justice, holiness; an essential perfection of God’s character, Job 36:3; Isa 51:5-8; Joh 17:25; and of his administration, Ge 18:25; Ro 3:21,22; 10:3. It is the wonder of grace that as the righteous guardian of the law, he can acquit the unrighteous. "The righteousness of Christ" includes his spotless holiness, his perfect obedience the law demands; and "the righteousness of faith" is that imputed to the sinner who believes in Christ. With reference to personal character, righteousness is used both for uprightness between man and man, and for true religion,
The Hebrew word מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) primarily means judgment or justice and encompasses various aspects such as legal rights, ordinances, and decisions. It is derived from a root meaning to pronounce a verdict, covering both human and divine law. The entries highlight its application in legal contexts, including the act of deciding cases and the attributes of justice and rectitude.
מִשְׁפָּט 422 n.m. judgment
judgment
justice, right, rectitude
ordinance
decision
one's (legal) right, privilege, due
proper, fitting, measure
custom, manner
what manner of
plan
base
H4941 מִשְׁפָּט judgment . judgment
. justice, right, rectitude
. ordinance
. decision
. one's (legal) right, privilege, due
. . proper, fitting, measure
. custom, manner
. what manner of
. plan
4941 mishpat mish-pawt'
from 8199; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable)
pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree
(human or (participant's) divine law, individual or
collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the
crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a
participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or
even a style:--+ adversary, ceremony, charge, X crime,
custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due,
fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly),
(manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order,
ordinance, right, sentence, usest, X worthy, + wrong.
see HEBREW for 08199
מִשְׁפָּט (mish.pat) — justice: judgement.
: judgement/punishment
1) judgment, justice, ordinance
1a) judgment
1a1) act of deciding a case
1a2) place, court, seat of judgment
1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges)
1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment)
1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment)
1a6) execution (of judgment)
1a7) time (of judgment)
1b) justice, right, rectitude (attributes of God or man)
1c) ordinance
1d) decision (in law)
1e) right, privilege, due (legal)
1f) proper, fitting, measure, fitness, custom, manner, plan
מִשְׁפָּט (mish.pat) — justice.
: justice/right/righteousness
1) judgment, justice, ordinance
1a) judgment
1a1) act of deciding a case
1a2) place, court, seat of judgment
1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges)
1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment)
1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment)
1a6) execution (of judgment)
1a7) time (of judgment)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
jus'-tis (tsedhaqah; tsedheq; dikaiosune): The original Hebrew and Greek words are the same as those rendered "righteousness." This is the common rendering, and in about half the cases where we have "just" and "justice" in the King James Version, the American Standard Revised Version has changed to "righteous" and "righteousness." It must be constantly borne in mind that the two ideas are essentially the same.
See RIGHTEOUSNESS.
1. Human Justice:
Justice had primarily to do with conduct in relation to others, especially with regard to the rights of others. It is applied to business, where just weights and measures are demanded (Le 19:35,36; De 25:13-16; Am 8:5; Pr 11:1; 16:11…
Justice
Is rendering to every one that which is his due. It has been distinguished from equity in this respect, that while justice means merely the doing what positive law demands, equity means the doing of what is fair and right in every separate case.
A principle of righteousness and equity, controlling our conduct, and securing a due regard to all the rights of others-their persons, property, character, and interests. It has to do, not with pecuniary transactions alone, but with all our intercourse with society. It forms a chief element of the character approved in God’s word; and a truly just man has but to "love mercy, and walk humbly with God," to fulfil all righteousness. Justice in magistrates, rulers, and judges, must be fearless and impartial, and all its decisions such as will bear revision before the court of heaven, De 1:16,17 2Sa 23:3 2Ch 19:6-10. Judgement is peculiarly the prerogative of God, and every earthly tribunal lies under the shadow of the "great white…
→ General scriptures concerning Ex 23:1-3,6-8; Le 19:13-15; De 16:18-20; 25:1-4; Ezr 7:26; Ps 72:1,2; 82:2-4; Pr 17:15,26; 18:5,17; 20:8; 22:27; 24:23; 28:21; 29:26; Ec 3:16,17; 5:8; 7:7; Isa 1:17; 56:1; 59:14,15; Jer 22:1-4; La 3:35,36; Am 5:7,11,12;
מָכוֹן (makown) refers to a fixed or established place, often understood as a foundation or base. The term emphasizes stability and can denote a habitation or dwelling. It is primarily used in a poetic context to convey the idea of a secure location.
מָכוֹן n.m. fixed or established place, foundation (chiefly poet.)
base
H4349 מָכוֹן fixed established place,foundation
4349 makown maw-kone'
from 3559; properly, a fixture, i.e. a basis; generally a
place, especially as an abode:--foundation, habitation,
(dwelling-, settled) place.
see HEBREW for 03559
מָכוֹן (ma.khon) — foundation.
1) fixed or established place, foundation
1a) fixed place
1b) foundation
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
כִּסֵּא (kis.se) refers to a seat of honour or throne, often associated with royal dignity and authority. It is derived from a root meaning 'covered' and encompasses meanings like stool and seat. The entries consistently highlight its significance in both literal and figurative contexts.
כִּסֵּא, כִּסֵּה 133 n.m. seat of honour, throne
base
H3678 כִּסֵּא, כִּסֵּה seat of honour, throne
3678 kicce' kis-say'
or kicceh {kis-say'}; from 3680; properly, covered, i.e. a
throne (as canopied):--seat, stool, throne.
see HEBREW for 03680
כִּסֵּא (kis.se) — throne.
1) seat (of honour), throne, seat, stool
1a) seat (of honour), throne
1b) royal dignity, authority, power (fig.)
כִּסֵּא (kis.se) — (Hall of) the Throne.
Combined with u.lam (אוּלָם "Hall" H0197I)
This name means throne, seat
כִּסֵּא (kis.se) — throne: seat.
1) seat (of honour), throne, seat, stool
1a) seat (of honour), throne
1b) royal dignity, authority, power (fig.)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3ms