Jeremiah 4:13 — Word Study
WLCהִנֵּ֣ה׀ כַּעֲנָנִ֣ים יַעֲלֶ֗ה וְכַסּוּפָה֙ מַרְכְּבוֹתָ֔יו קַלּ֥וּ מִנְּשָׁרִ֖ים סוּסָ֑יו א֥וֹי לָ֖נוּ כִּ֥י שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ׃
BSABeholdhinnêh [look, see] he advancesʻâlâh▸ [comes up, rises] like the cloudsʻânân [heavenly masses of water vapor] his chariotsmerkâbâh [vehicles of war, means of conquest] like the whirlwindçûwphâh [a hurricane, tempest] His horsesçûwç [swift steeds, warhorses] are swifterqâlal■ [faster, quicker] than eaglesnesher [large birds of prey] Woeʼôwy [alas, sorrow] forkîy we are ruinedshâdad■ [devastated, destroyed, laid waste]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| הִנֵּ֣ה׀ | there! | Particle |
| כַּעֲנָנִ֣ים | like clouds | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| יַעֲלֶ֗ה | he is going up | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| וְכַסּוּפָה֙ | and like the storm-wind | Conjunction, preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| מַרְכְּבוֹתָ֔יו | chariots his | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| קַלּ֥וּ | they are swift | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| מִנְּשָׁרִ֖ים | more than eagles | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| סוּסָ֑יו | horses his | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| א֥וֹי | woe! | Particle |
| לָ֖נוּ | to us | Preposition, suffix |
| כִּ֥י | for | Particle |
| שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ׃ | we are devastated | Verb, Pual, perfect first person common plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Behold, he advances like the clouds, his chariots like the whirlwind. His horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us, for we are ruined! |
| KJV | Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots shall be as a whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we are spoiled. |
| ASV | Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots shall be as the whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we are ruined. |
| YLT | Lo, as clouds he cometh up, And as a hurricane his chariots, Lighter than eagles have been his horses, Woe to us, for we have been spoiled. |
| WEB | Behold, he will come up as clouds, and his chariots will be as the whirlwind. His horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us! For we are ruined. |
| BBE | See, he will come up like the clouds, and his war-carriages like the storm-wind: his horses are quicker than eagles. Sorrow is ours, for destruction has come on us. |
The translations agree on the meaning of שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ — see How Translations Differ.
The structure features a main clause followed by descriptive similes, culminating in a lamentation.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאוֹי
verbעָלָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Jeremiah 4:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Coming Judgmentgenerated
Jeremiah 4:13 presents a vivid picture of an advancing force, comparing it to clouds and storms, highlighting the swiftness of its horses. The verse serves as a lament for the people, recognizing the devastation that is about to occur. Jeremiah calls the people to acknowledge the seriousness of the impending disaster, which is echoed in the context of surrounding verses that emphasize the need for repentance and awareness of their situation.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 13:5 | They are coming from faraway lands, from the ends of the heavens— the LORD and the weapons of His wrath— to destroy the whole country. |
| 2 | Isaiah 19:1 | This is the burden against Egypt: Behold, the LORD rides on a swift cloud; He is coming to Egypt. The idols of Egypt will tremble before Him, and the hearts of the Egyptians will melt within them. |
| 3 | Nahum 1:3 | |
| 4 | Matthew 24:30 | At that time the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn. They will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven, with power and great glory. |
| 5 | Revelation 1:7 | Behold, He is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see Him—even those who pierced Him. And all the tribes of the earth will mourn because of Him. So shall it be! Amen. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 15 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ, shu.Da.de.nugenerated
The verb שָׁדַד (shadad) means to devastate or ruin, indicating a violent destruction. It is a Pual perfect form, which suggests that the action has been completed in the past but has ongoing effects. This word captures the intensity of the destruction that is being foretold.
The use of the first person plural indicates that the speaker, along with the people, acknowledges their plight. The lamentation expressed in this word underscores the gravity of their situation, as they face the consequences of their actions.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree that the term used conveys a sense of devastation.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of multiple clauses, with the main verb יַעֲלֶ֗ה (he is going up) governing the imagery of clouds and storms. The structure emphasizes the swiftness of the advancing force and the subsequent lamentation.
The initial clause draws attention to the advance, while the following clauses describe the characteristics of this advance, culminating in the expression of woe.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates הִנֵּה as ἰδοὺ, which carries the same imperative sense of 'behold' or 'look'. This choice maintains the urgency of the call to attention.
The Greek term καταιγὶς for סוּפָה indicates a storm, paralleling the Hebrew's emphasis on the chaotic nature of the advance.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Jeremiah 4:13 describes an advancing force that comes like clouds and storms, emphasizing its swiftness and power. The verse expresses sorrow for the people, declaring that they are ruined due to the coming judgment.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The imagery signifies the overwhelming and powerful nature of the impending judgment, suggesting that it will come swiftly and forcefully.
Jeremiah expresses woe to convey the deep sorrow and despair felt by the people as they face the consequences of their actions and the devastation that lies ahead.
This verse relates to the surrounding context by highlighting the urgent need for the people to recognize their situation and repent, as disaster is imminent.
The term 'devastated' implies a complete destruction, indicating that the people will suffer severe consequences as a result of their actions.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I recognize the signs of trouble in my own life and respond before it is too late?
- How can I cultivate a deeper awareness of the consequences of my actions?
- What steps can I take to prepare myself spiritually for challenges that may arise?
- How does this verse encourage me to reflect on the state of my heart and my relationship with God?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome quotes this verse to illustrate the power of the advancing judgment, highlighting the imagery of clouds and storms as a metaphor for devastation.
Behold, like a cloud it will ascend, and like a storm its chariots: swifter than eagles are its horses. Woe to us, for we are devastated.Early Church Fathers on Jeremiah 4 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 4:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBehold, he shall come up as clouds,.... Meaning the lion, Nebuchadnezzar, Jeremiah 4:7, "the king with his army (as the Targum paraphrases it); he shall come up against them as a cloud that ascendeth
Read John Gill on Jeremiah 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBehold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots shall be as a whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we are spoiled. Clouds - continuing the metaphor in Jeremiah 4:11-12.
Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHe shall come up as clouds; either noting the vast number of them, ; or the suddenness of them, when not expected, clouds often rising on a sudden, and overspreading the whole face of the heavens; or rather, the great speed and swiftness with which Nebuchadnezzar shall march against them, , hyperbolically described by the swiftness of eagles in this verse, . His chariots shall be as a whirlwind; which beside the swiftness, notes also the confusion and amazement that they will cause, . Woe unto us! for we are spoiled: the dreadful apprehensions that the people have of their woeful condition, or possibly the words of the prophet lamenting their misery.
Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJeremiah 4:13 Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots [shall be] as a whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we are spoiled.Ver. 13. Behold, he shall come up as clouds.] Swiftly and numerously. His horses are swifter than eagles.] Which, though the biggest of all fowls, yet fly with greatest speed. Woe unto us, for we are spoiled.] This he premiseth fitly to his exhortation to repentance; q.d., We are utterly undone, if repentance prevent not. “ Currat ergo paenitentia, ne praecurrat sententia. ”
Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13) He shall come up as clouds.—He, the destroyer of nations, with armies that sweep like storm-clouds over the land they are going to destroy. (Comp. Ezekiel 38:16.) Swifter than eagles.—A possible quotation from David’s lament over Saul and Jonathan (2 Samuel 1:23). The fact that another phrase is quoted in Jeremiah 4:30 (“clothest thyself with crimson,” where the Hebrew is the same as the “scarlet” of 2 Samuel 1:24), makes the possibility something like a certainty. It was natural that one who himself wrote two sets of lamentations, one early (2 Chronicles 35:25), the other late, in life, should have been a student of earlier elegies. For the flight of the eagle as representing the…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 4 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 13. See Clarke on Jeremiah 4:11. Ver. 13. Wo unto us!] The people, deeply affected with these threatened judgments, interrupt the prophet with the lamentation - Wo unto us, for we are spoiled! The prophet then resumes: -
Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges13. as clouds] a further simile for the invader. Cp. Ezekiel 38:16, and Joe 2:2. his chariots shall be as the whirlwind] Cp. Isaiah 5:28; Isaiah 66:15. eagles] rather, griffons (gypsi fulvus), a species of vulture. Cp. ch. Jeremiah 48:40, Jeremiah 49:22; 2 Samuel 1:23; Lamentations 4:19; Habakkuk 1:8.
Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHis troops move on in large masses like dark threatening clouds Joe 2:2. Woe unto us! for we are spoiled - Jeremiah’s own cry of grief.
Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Behold, he advances like the clouds, his chariots like the whirlwind. His horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us, for we are ruined!
Behold, he will come up as clouds, and his chariots will be as the whirlwind. His horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us! For we are ruined.
Behold, he advances like the clouds, his chariots like the whirlwind. His horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us, for we are ruined!
Look! The enemy is approaching like gathering clouds. The roar of his chariots is like that of a whirlwind. His horses move more swiftly than eagles.” I cry out, “We are doomed, for we will be destroyed!”
Tyndale line
Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots shall be as a whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we are spoiled.
Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots shall be as the whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we are ruined.
Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots shall be as the whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we are spoiled.
Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots shall be as a whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us! for we are laid waste.
Beholde, he shall come vp as the cloudes, and his charets shalbe as a tempest: his horses are lighter then eagles. Woe vnto vs, for wee are destroyed.
Strictly literal
Behold, he cometh up as clouds, and his chariots are as a whirlwind; his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we are destroyed.
Lo, as clouds he cometh up, And as a hurricane his chariots, Lighter than eagles have been his horses, Woe to us, for we have been spoiled.
“Behold, he comes up as clouds, || And his chariots as a windstorm, || His horses have been lighter than eagles, || Woe to us, for we have been spoiled.”
Behold, like clouds shall he come up, and like a whirlwind shall be his chariots: swifter than eagles are his horses. “Woe unto us! for we are wasted.”
See, he is attacking like clouds, and his chariots are like a storm. His horses are faster than eagles. Woe to us, for we will be devastated!
From the Latin
Behold he shall come up as a cloud, and his chariots as a tempest: his horses are swifter than eagles: woe unto us, for we are laid waste.
Simplified
Look, he's rushing in like storm clouds; his chariots are like a whirlwind. His horses fly faster than eagles. “What a disaster! We're ruined!”
See, he will come up like the clouds, and his war-carriages like the storm-wind: his horses are quicker than eagles. Sorrow is ours, for destruction has come on us.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text aligns with the Septuagint in its wording, indicating a consistent transmission of the verse's meaning. The Dead Sea Scrolls show partial restoration, but the core message remains intact, emphasizing the devastation foretold.
הִנֵּ֣ה׀ כַּעֲנָנִ֣ים יַעֲלֶ֗ה וְכַסּוּפָה֙ מַרְכְּבוֹתָ֔יו קַלּ֥וּ מִנְּשָׁרִ֖ים סוּסָ֑יו א֥וֹי לָ֖נוּ כִּ֥י שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ׃
12 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
הנה כעננים [יעלה] [וכסופה] [מרכבותי׳ו] [קלו] [מנשרים] [סוסי׳ו] אוי ל׳נו כי שדדנו
4 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 4:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a Hebrew word meaning 'behold' or 'lo!' It serves as a demonstrative particle used to draw attention, appearing in contexts such as Genesis 19:2. The word is derived from a prolongation of another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage beyond this.
הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּה־ Gn 19:2, demonstr.part. lo!, behold!
base
H2009 הִנֵּה, הִנֶּה־ lo!, behold!
2009 hinneh hin-nay'
prolongation for 2005; lo!:--behold, lo, see.
see HEBREW for 02005
הִנֵּה (hin.neh) — behold.
behold, lo, see, if
Part — ParticleHTj
עָנָן (anan) means 'cloud' and can refer to a cloud-mass or a theophanic cloud, which is a divine manifestation. It is derived from the root word עָנָה (anah). The term is used in contexts related to weather and divine presence.
עָנָן 87 n.m. cloud-mass, cloud
cloud-mass
cloud of incense
base
H6051 עָנָן cloud-mass, cloud
6051 `anan aw-nawn'
from 6049; a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e. the nimbus or
thunder-cloud:--cloud(-y).
see HEBREW for 06049
עָנָן (a.nan) — cloud.
1) cloud, cloudy, cloud-mass
1a) cloud-mass (of theophanic cloud)
1b) cloud
Aramaic equivalent: a.nan (עֲנָן "cloud" H6050)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHR/Ncmpa
In the summer season of Palestine, were an unlooked-for phenomenon, 1Sa 12:17,18, and rising from off the Mediterranean, betokened rain, 1Ki 18:44 Lu 12:54. Clouds are the symbol of armies and multitudes, probably by their grand and majestic movements, Isa 60:8 Jer 4:13 Heb 12:1. They betokened the presence of Jehovah, as on mount Sinai,
Ex 19:9 24:12-18; in the temple, Ex 40:34 1Ki 8:10; in the cloudy…
The Hebrew word עָלָה (alah) means 'to ascend' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including going up, climbing, and rising in various contexts such as personal, natural, and spiritual. It can refer to actions involving people, animals, vegetation, and even thoughts, and includes nuances of being exalted or offering sacrifices. The word is built from a primitive root and appears in various grammatical forms, indicating different aspects of ascent or elevation.
עָלָה 890 vb. go up, ascend, climb
Qal
of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
go up, in personal relations
of animals, go or come up
of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
of natural phenom., go up, rise
of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
of thoughts
come up before God, arrogance
go up, extend, of boundary
excel
Niph.
be brought up
be taken up
pass., be taken up, away
reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
reflex.: take oneself away
be exalted, of God
Hiph.
bring up persons
in personal relations
bring up animals
cause to ascend
mentally
offer a present; bring up tithe to
exalt
cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
Hoph.
be carried away
be taken up into, inserted in
be offered
Hithp. lift oneself
base
H5927 עָלָה go up, ascend, climb .. of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
. go up, in personal relations
. of animals, go or come up
. of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
. of natural phenom., go up, rise
. of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
. of thoughts
. come up before God, arrogance
. go up, extend, of boundary
. excel
. . . be brought up
. be taken up
. . pass., be taken up, away
. reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
. reflex.: take oneself away
. be exalted, of God
. . bring up persons
. in personal relations
. bring up animals
. cause to ascend
. mentally
. offer a present; bring up tithe to
. exalt
. cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
. . be carried away
. be taken up into, inserted in
. be offered
. lift oneself
5927 `alah aw-law'
a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or
actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary
and secondary, literal and figurative (as follow):--arise
(up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up),
bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, + shew, climb
(up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart,
exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up);
grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light,
(make) up, X mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, + perfect,
prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise
(up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring
(up), stir up, take away (up), work.
עָלָה (a.lah) — to ascend: rise.
: rise/go
1) to go up, ascend, climb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go up, ascend
1a2) to meet, visit, follow, depart, withdraw, retreat
1a3) to go up, come up (of animals)
1a4) to spring up, grow, shoot forth (of vegetation)
1a5) to go up, go up over, rise (of natural phenomenon)
1a6) to come up (before God)
1a7) to go up, go up over, extend (of boundary)
1a8) to excel, be superior to
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away
1b2) to take oneself away
1b3) to be exalted
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up
1c2) to bring up, bring against, take away
1c3) to bring up, draw up, train
1c4) to cause to ascend
1c5) to rouse, stir up (mentally)
1c6) to offer, bring up (of gifts)
1c7) to exalt
1c8) to cause to ascend, offer
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be carried away, be led up
1d2) to be taken up into, be inserted in
1d3) to be offered
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
סוּפָה (cuwphah) refers to a storm or whirlwind, derived from a root meaning to sweep away. It is associated with strong winds and is noted in the context of a location east of the Jordan River. The term appears in ancient texts, including a fragment in Numbers 21:14, indicating its historical significance.
סוּפָה n.f. storm-wind (that makes an end ?)
base
סוּפָה n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan;—only in ancient poet. fragment Nu 21:14; SE. oasis of Dead Sea
ref
H5492a סוּפָה strom-wind H5492b סוּפָה E. of Jordan
5492 cuwphah soo-faw'
from 5486; a hurricane:--Red Sea, storm, tempest, whirlwind,
Red sea.
see HEBREW for 05486
סוּפָה (su.phah) — whirlwind.
storm-wind
סוּפָה (su.phah) — Suphah.
§ Suphah = "honeycomb: overflow"
a place east of the Jordan
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Rd/Ncfsa
wind (anemos:
1. Causes:
Unequal distribution of heat in the atmosphere causes currents of air or wind. The heated air rises and the air from around rushes in. The direction from which a current comes determines its name, as west wind coming from the West but blowing toward the East. When two currents of air of different directions meet, a spiral motion sometimes results.
See WHIRLWIND.
2. West Wind:
In Palestine the west wind is the most common. It comes from the sea and carries the moisture which condenses to form clouds, as it is turned upward by the mountains, to the cooler layers of the atmosphere. If the temperature reached is cool enough the cloud condenses and rain falls. Elijah looked toward the West for the "small cloud," and soon "the heavens grew black with clouds and wind" (1Ki 18:44 f). "When ye see a cloud rising in the…
מֶרְכָּבָה (merkabah) means 'chariot' in Hebrew. It is a feminine noun derived from the related word for chariot, מֶרְכָּב (merkav). The entries consistently define it as a chariot, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
מֶרְכָּבָה n.f. chariot
base
H4818 מֶרְכָּבָה chariot
4818 merkabah mer-kaw-baw'
feminine of 4817; a chariot:--chariot. See also 1024.
see HEBREW for 04817
see HEBREW for 01024
מֶרְכָּבָה (mer.ka.vah) — chariot.
chariot
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word קָלַל (qalal) is a primitive root meaning to be light or trifling, covering a range of senses from being swift to being of little account. It can also mean to curse or treat with contempt. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances such as making light or being lightly esteemed.
[קָלַל] 82 vb. be slight, swift, trifling
Qal
be slight, of water, be abated
be swift
trifling, i.e. of little account
Niph.
shew oneself swift
appear trifling
be lightly esteemed
Pi. curse (prop. make contemptible)
Pu. be cursed
Hiph.
make light, lighten
treat with contempt
Pilp.
shake
(peculiarly) whet
Hithpalp. reflex. of 1: hills shook themselves
base
H7043 קָלַל be slight, swift, trifling .. be slight, of water, be abated
. be swift
. trifling, i.e. of little account
. . shew oneself swift
. appear trifling
. be lightly esteemed
. curse (prop. make contemptible)
. be cursed
. . make light, lighten
. treat with contempt
. . shake
. (peculiarly) whet
. reflex. of 1: hills shook themselves
7043 qalal kaw-lal'
a primitive root; to be (causatively, make) light, literally
(swift, small, sharp, etc.) or figuratively (easy, trifling,
vile, etc.):--abate, make bright, bring into contempt,
(ac-)curse, despise, (be) ease(-y, -ier), (be a, make, make
somewhat, move, seem a, set) light(-en, -er, -ly, -ly
afflict, -ly esteem, thing), X slight(-ly), be swift(-er),
(be, be more, make, re-)vile, whet.
קָלַל (qa.lal) — to lighten.
1) to be slight, be swift, be trifling, be of little account, be light
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be slight, be abated (of water)
1a2) to be swift
1a3) to be trifling, be of little account
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be swift, show oneself swift
1b2) to appear trifling, be too trifling, be insignificant
1b3) to be lightly esteemed
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to make despicable
1c2) to curse
1d) (Pual) to be cursed
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to make light, lighten
1e2) to treat with contempt, bring contempt or dishonour
1f) (Pilpel)
1f1) to shake
1f2) to whet
1g) (Hithpalpel) to shake oneself, be moved to and fro
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
See SWALLOW.
נֶשֶׁר (nesher) refers to a griffon-vulture or eagle, derived from a root meaning to lacerate. The term covers large birds of prey, including both eagles and vultures. It has an Aramaic equivalent, נְשַׁר (ne.shar), which also means eagle.
נֶשֶׁר n.m. griffon-vulture, eagle
base
H5404 נֶשֶׁר griffon-vulture, eagle
5404 nesher neh'-sher
from an unused root meaning to lacerate; the eagle (or other
large bird of prey):--eagle.
נֶשֶׁר (ne.sher) — eagle.
eagle, vulture, griffon-vulture
Aramaic equivalent: ne.shar (נְשַׁר "eagle" H5403)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHR/Ncmpa
סוּס (sus) refers to both a 'swallow' and a 'horse,' derived from a root meaning to skip or leap. The word captures the swift nature of both the bird and the animal, often associated with chariot horses in the context of the Old Testament. There is a note in the entries about a comparison with another Hebrew word, but no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift
base
סוּס 138 n.m. horse
base
H5483a סוּס swallow or swift H5483b סוּס horse
5483 cuwc soos
or cuc {soos}; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly,
for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid
flight):--crane, horse((-back, -hoof)). Compare 6571.
see HEBREW for 06571
סוּס (sus) — swallow.
swallow, swift
סוּס (sus) — Horse (Gate).
This name means horse
סוּס (sus) — horse.
1) horse
1a) chariot horses
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
אוֹי (oy) is an interjection expressing grief or despair, often translated as 'woe!' or 'alas!'. It likely originates from a root meaning to cry out, emphasizing its use as a passionate lamentation. The entries consistently highlight its emotional intensity without significant disagreement.
אוֹי interj. (onomatop.) woe! an impassioned expression of grief and despair
base
H188 אוֹי (onomatop.) woe! an empassioned expression of grief and despair
188 'owy o'-ee
probably from 183 (in the sense of crying out after);
lamentation; also interjectionally Oh!:--alas, woe.
see HEBREW for 0183
אוֹי (oy) — woe!.
1) woe! alas! oh!
1a) passionate cry of grief or despair
Part — ParticleHTj
Is sometimes used in our Bibles where a softer expression would be at least equally proper: "Woe to such a one!" is in our language a threat or imprecation of some calamity, natural or judicial, to befall a person; but this is not always the meaning of the word in Scripture. We find the expression, "Woe is me!" that is, Alas for my sufferings! And, "Woe to the women with child, and those who give suck!" that is, Alas for their redoubled sufferings in times of distress! If in the denunciatory language of Christ, we should read, "Alas for thee, Chorazin! Alas for thee, Bethsaida!" we should do not injustice to the general sentiments of the passage.
Yet in many cases the word woe is used in a fuller and more awful sense, expressing an inspired denunciation and foreshadowing of God’s wrath upon sinners; as when we read, "Woe to those who build houses by unrighteousness, and cities by blood;"…
נוּ (nu) — us.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person plural
HRd/Sp1bp — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp1bp
US, pronoun objective case of we.
Give us this day our daily bread.
Us , pron. [OE. us, AS. s; akin to OFries. & OS. s, D. ons, G. uns, Icel. & Sw. oss, Dan. os, Goth. uns, L. nos we, us, Gr. we, Skr. nas us. . Cf. Nostrum, Our.] The persons speaking, regarded as an object; ourselves; — the objective case of we. See We. “Tell us a tale.” Chaucer.
Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.
Us, pron. oblique case of we
כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'
כִּי conj. that, for, when
that
Of time, when, of the past
elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
Because, since
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that
. . Of time, when, of the past
. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
. Because, since
H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
3588 kiy kee
a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional
prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent
or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative
conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by
other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,
where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,
even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +
nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,
therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,
whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
כִּי (ki) — for.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if
1f) but rather, but
1g) except that
1h) only, nevertheless
1i) surely
1j) that is
1k) but if
1l) for though
1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
1b) even though
כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
Conj — ParticleHTc
for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.
In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…
שָׁדַד (shadad) is a Hebrew verb that conveys the idea of dealing violently with something, including meanings like despoil, devastate, and ruin. It has various forms, indicating actions such as violently destroying, being utterly ruined, or assaulting. The entries suggest a strong connotation of destruction and oppression, with the word appearing in contexts related to devastation.
[שָׁדַד] 56 vb. deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin
Qal violently destroy, pers. = slay
Niph. we are utterly ruined.
Pi. assault not his dwelling-place
Pu. be devastated
Pō‛el violently destroy
Hoph. be devastated
base
H7703 [שָׁדַד] deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin
7703 shadad shaw-dad'
a primitive root; properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively)
powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to
ravage:--dead, destroy(-er), oppress, robber, spoil(-er), X
utterly, (lay) waste.
שָׁדַד (sha.dad) — to ruin.
1) to deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin, destroy, spoil
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to violently destroy, devastate, despoil, assail
1a2) devastator, despoiler (participle) (subst)
1b) (Niphal) to be utterly ruined
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to assault
1c2) to devastate
1d) (Pual) to be devastated
1e) (Poel) to violently destroy
1f) (Hophal) to be devastated
Also means: shud (שׁוּד "to waste" H7736)
V-Pual-Perf-1cp — Verb · Pual · perfect first person common pluralHVPp1cp