2 Samuel 4:3 — Word Study
WLCוַיִּבְרְח֥וּ הַבְּאֵרֹתִ֖ים גִּתָּ֑יְמָה וַֽיִּהְיוּ־ שָׁ֣ם גָּרִ֔ים עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס
BSAbecause the BeerothitesBᵉʼêrôthîy [people of Beeroth, from the town of wells] fledbârach▸ [ran away quickly, escaped] to GittaimGittayim [a place in Judah, meaning two winepresses] and have livedhâyâh▸ [existed, come into being] thereshâm [in that location, at that point] as foreignersgûwr [sojourners, living in a foreign land] toʻad thiszeh [the present] dayyôwm [a period of time, a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיִּבְרְח֥וּ | and they fled | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine plural |
| הַבְּאֵרֹתִ֖ים | the Beerothites | Particle, noun gentilic masculine plural absolute |
| גִּתָּ֑יְמָה | Gittaim towards | Noun proper, suffix |
| וַֽיִּהְיוּ־ | and they have been | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine plural |
| שָׁ֣ם | there | Adverb |
| גָּרִ֔ים | sojourners | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
| עַ֖ד | until | Preposition |
| הַיּ֥וֹם | the day | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| הַזֶּֽה׃ ס | this | Particle, particle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | because the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have lived there as foreigners to this day. |
| KJV | And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this day.) |
| ASV | and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and have been sojourners there until this day). |
| YLT | and the Beerothites flee to Gittaim, and are there sojourners unto this day. |
| WEB | and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and have lived as foreigners there until today). |
| BBE | But the people of Beeroth had gone in flight to Gittaim, where they have been living to this day.) |
Where they part company is in the rendering of גָּרִ֔ים — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence presents a main clause followed by a series of phrases that elaborate on the actions and state of the Beerothites.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbבָּרַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Samuel 4:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Fate of the Beerothitesgenerated
2 Samuel 4:3 describes how the Beerothites, who were originally from Beeroth, fled to Gittaim due to the turmoil following Saul's reign. They have since lived as foreigners in this new location. This verse highlights their displacement and the ongoing impact of the political situation in Israel at that time.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Samuel 31:7 | When the Israelites along the valley and those on the other side of the Jordan saw that the army of Israel had fled and that Saul and his sons had died, they abandoned their cities and ran away. So the Philistines came and occupied their cities. |
| 2 | Nehemiah 11:33 | Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גָּרִ֔ים, ga.Rimgenerated
The word גּוּר (gur) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sojourn or reside temporarily. It indicates a state of living in a foreign land, suggesting that the Beerothites were not just escaping but also establishing a new existence in Gittaim.
As a participle, it describes the Beerothites as active participants in their situation, emphasizing their ongoing status as sojourners. This reflects their adaptation to life away from their homeland, highlighting themes of displacement and identity.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the meaning of the Beerothites living as foreigners in Gittaim.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs יִּבְרְח֥וּ (they fled) and יִּהְיוּ־ (they have been) govern the sentence, with the subject being the Beerothites and the phrases describing their actions and state. The structure highlights their flight and subsequent existence as foreigners.
The sentence is built around these verbs, presenting a clear narrative flow from their fleeing to their current status, emphasizing the continuity of their situation.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates וַיִּבְרְח֥וּ as ἀπέδρασαν (they escaped), which aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning of fleeing. This choice reflects a straightforward interpretation of their actions.
For גָּרִ֔ים, the Septuagint uses παροικοῦντες (sojourners), which captures the essence of living in a foreign land, emphasizing their ongoing status as outsiders.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Samuel 4:3 tells us that the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have lived there as foreigners ever since. This verse highlights their displacement and the impact of the political events in Israel.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The Beerothites were people from Beeroth, a town in the tribe of Benjamin.
They fled due to the chaos following Saul's reign, seeking safety in Gittaim.
Living as foreigners means residing in a place that is not one's homeland, often implying a lack of full acceptance or belonging.
Their status as sojourners reflects the ongoing impact of political events on their lives and highlights themes of displacement and identity.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does it mean to me to be a sojourner in my own life?
- How can I relate to the experience of the Beerothites in my own journey?
- In what ways do I see displacement or change in my community today?
- What can I learn from the Beerothites about resilience in the face of adversity?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 4:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until that day.
Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAnd, or, yet, or but; for this comes in to anticipate an objection against what he had now said. It is true, saith he, the Beerothites fled. as others did, upon the overthrow of Saul and his army, , to a place called Gittaim, ; not that in Benjamin, , but some other place of that name more remote from the Philistines; and so they were Gittaimites by their present habitation, but Beerothites by their original, and place of their birth.
Read Matthew Poole on 2 Samuel 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments2 Samuel 4:3 And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this day.)Ver. 3. And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim.] A town of their own tribe, but of far greater security. Hither therefore they fled for fear of the Philistines. See 1 Samuel 31:7. Until this day.] Until the time that this story was written, the penners whereof were Gad and Nathan.
Read John Trapp on 2 Samuel 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) Fled to Gittaim.—Neither the cause of their flight, nor the place to which they fled, can be certainly determined. The Beerothites here appear as of the tribe of Benjamin, and it is probable that they fled from the incursions of the Philistines, and that Gittaim is the place mentioned in Nehemiah 11:35 as occupied by the Benjamites returning from Babylon. The expression “until this day” makes it likely that the time of the writer was not very far removed from the events which he relates.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Samuel 4 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. The Beerothites fled to Gittaim] Probably the same as Gath; as Ramathaim is the same as Ramah.
Read AdamClarke on 2 Samuel 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. Gittaim] A Benjamite town of this name is mentioned in Nehemiah 11:33, but if the reason suggested above for the flight of the Beerothites is the correct one, it can hardly be the same, as they would have chosen a more distant refuge. The name is the dual form of Gath, meaning “two wine-presses,” which suggests that it may possibly have been in Philistia.
Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 4 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible3. The Beerothites fled to Gittaim — We are nowhere told the cause of this flight, but it has been plausibly conjectured that it arose from Saul’s persecution of the Gibeonites, (2 Samuel 21:1-2,)
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 2 Samuel 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
because the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have lived there as foreigners to this day.
and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and have lived as foreigners there until today).
because the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have lived there as foreigners to this day.
for the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have remained there as resident foreigners until the present time.)
Tyndale line
And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this day.)
and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and have been sojourners there until this day).
and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and have been sojourners there until this day.)
And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and have been sojourners there until this day.)
Because the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and soiourned there, vnto this day).
Strictly literal
And the Beerothites had fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this day.
and the Beerothites flee to Gittaim, and are there sojourners unto this day.
and the Beerothites flee to Gittaim, and are sojourners there to this day.
And the Beerothites had fled to Gittayim, and remained sojourners there until this day.)
and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have been living there until this very time).
From the Latin
And the Berothites fled into Gethaim, and were sojourners there until that time.
Simplified
because the people who had lived in Beeroth before ran away to Gittaim and lived there as foreigners right up to the present.
But the people of Beeroth had gone in flight to Gittaim, where they have been living to this day.)
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in their wording, with the Septuagint providing a direct correspondence to the Hebrew text. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but align with the Masoretic Text in meaning, indicating a consistent understanding of the Beerothites' situation.
וַיִּבְרְח֥וּ הַבְּאֵרֹתִ֖ים גִּתָּ֑יְמָה וַֽיִּהְיוּ־ שָׁ֣ם גָּרִ֔ים עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ ס
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[ויברחו] הברתים גתים [ויהיו] שם [גרים] [עד] היום הזה
4 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 4:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בָּרַח (barach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to flee or run away. It can also imply going through or hastening, with different nuances in its forms, such as causing someone to flee in the Hiphil stem. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including sudden flight or urgency.
בָּרַח vb. go through, flee
Qal
go or pass through, of bar
flee
flee = hasten, come quickly
Hiph.
pass through
cause to flee, put to flight
base
H1272 בָּרַח go through, flee
1272 barach baw-rakh'
a primitive root; to bolt, i.e. figuratively, to flee
suddenly:--chase (away); drive away, fain, flee (away), put to
flight, make haste, reach, run away, shoot.
בָּרַח (ba.rach) — to flee.
1) to go through, flee, run away, chase, drive away, put to flight, reach, shoot (extend), hurry away
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, pass through
1a2) to flee
1a3) to hasten, come quickly
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to pass through
1b2) to cause to flee, put to flight
1b3) to drive away
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine pluralHc/Vqw3mp
בְאֵרֹתִי (Be'erothiy) refers to a Beerothite, an inhabitant of Beeroth, a location in Benjamin. This term is derived from בְּאֵרוֹת (Beeroth), which means 'wells.' The entries consistently identify this word as a gentilic adjective related to the people of Beeroth.
בְאֵרֹתִי adj.gent. always c. art.
base
H886 בְאֵרֹתִי
886 B'erothiy be-ay-ro-thee'
patrial from 881; a Beerothite or inhabitant of
Beeroth:--Beerothite.
see HEBREW for 0881
בְּאֵרֹתִי (be.e.ro.ti) — Beerothite.
Group of be.e.rot (בְּאֵרוֹת "Beeroth" H0881)
§ Beerothite = "wells"
an inhabitant of Beeroth (in Benjamin)
Art | Ngmpa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ngmpa
גִּתַּיִם (Gittayim) refers to a location in Judah, meaning 'two wine-presses.' It is derived from the dual form of another Hebrew word for a wine-press. The entries consistently identify it as a proper noun, specifically a place in Palestine.
גִּתָּ֑יִם n.pr.loc. in Judah
base
H1664 גִּתַּיִם
1664 Gittayim ghit-tah'-yim
dual of 1660; double wine-press; Gittajim, a place in
Palestine:--Gittaim.
see HEBREW for 01660
גִּתָּ֑יִם (git.ta.yim) — Gittaim.
§ Gittaim = "two winepresses"
a place in Judah
N-proper | Suff — Noun proper · suffixHNpl/Sd
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine pluralHc/Vqw3mp
שָׁם (sham) is a Hebrew adverb meaning 'there' or 'thither,' indicating a location or direction. It can also refer to a point in time, translating to 'then.' The word is derived from a relative pronoun and is used in various contexts, including movement and temporal references.
שָׁם adv. there, thither
base
H8033 שָׁם there, thither
8033 sham shawm
a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, 834);
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or
thence:--in it, + thence, there (-in, + of, + out), +
thither, + whither.
see HEBREW for 0834
שָׁם (sham) — there.
1) there, thither
1a) there
1b) thither (after verbs of motion)
1c) from there, thence
1d) then (as an adverb of time)
Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)
שָׁם (sham) — (Jerusalem) Is There.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
This name means there, thither
Adv — AdverbHD
גּוּר (gur) is a Hebrew verb with a range of meanings including to sojourn, abide, and seek hospitality, as well as to stir up strife or quarrel, and to dread or fear. It is built from a primitive root that conveys the idea of turning aside from a path, often for lodging. The lexicons indicate that it can imply both positive and negative interactions, such as hospitality and conflict.
גּוּר vb. sojourn
Qal
sojourn
abide
Hithpol. seek hospitality with
base
[גּוּר] vb. stir up strife, quarrel
Qal.
stir up strife
quarrel
Hithpol. they excite themselves, but unlikely
base
[גּוּר] vb. dread
Qal
be afraid of
stand in awe of
base
H1481a גּוּר sojourn .. sojourn
. abide
. seek hospitality with
H1481b גּוּר stir up strife, quarrel H1481c גּוּר dread
1481 guwr goor
a primitive root; properly, to turn aside from the road (for
a lodging or any other purpose), i.e. sojourn (as a guest);
also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place); also to gather
for hostility (as afraid):--abide, assemble, be afraid, dwell,
fear, gather (together), inhabitant, remain, sojourn, stand in
awe, (be) stranger, X surely.
גּוּר (gur) — to sojourn.
1) to sojourn, abide, dwell in, dwell with, remain, inhabit, be a stranger, be continuing, surely
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sojourn, dwell for a time
1a2) to abide, stay, temporarily dwell
1b) (Hithpolel)
1b1) to seek hospitality with
1b2) to assemble oneself
גּוּר (gur) — to quarrel.
1) to stir up trouble, strife, quarrel, gather together
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stir up strife
1a2) to quarrel
1b) (Hithpolel) to excite oneself
גּוּר (gur) — to dread.
1) to dread, fear, stand in awe, be afraid
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fear, be afraid
1a2) to be in awe, stand in awe
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Prep — PrepositionHR
יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a division of time, contrasting with night. It can denote a literal 24-hour period, a general time span, or even a year. The term is used in various contexts, including the 'day of Yahweh,' which signifies a time of divine judgment. It also appears in phrases indicating temporal references like today, yesterday, and tomorrow.
יוֹם 2285 n.m. day
day, opp. night
Day as division of time
יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
Pl. days of anyone
Days
יוֹם = time
Phrases
base
H3117 יוֹם day . day, opp. night
. Day as division of time
. יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
. Pl. days of anyone
. Days
. יוֹם = time
. Phrases
3117 yowm yome
from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm
hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one
sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by
an associated term), (often used adverb):--age, + always, +
chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to)
day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, +
(for) ever(-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as
(... live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually,
presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space,
then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble,
weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole
(+ age), (full) year(-ly), + younger.
יוֹם (yom) — day.
: day/when/time/period
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: old.
: old/(full/many)[days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: year.
: year[of_days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
da (yom; hemera): This common word has caused some trouble to plain readers, because they have not noticed that the word is used in several different senses in the English Bible. When the different uses of the word are understood the difficulty of interpretation vanishes. We note several different uses of the word:
(1) It sometimes means the time from daylight till dark. This popular meaning is easily discovered by the context, e. g. Ge 1:5; 8:22, etc. The marked periods of this daytime were morning, noon and night, as with us. See Ps 55:17. The early hours were sometimes called "the cool of the day" (Ge 3:8). After the exile the day. or daytime was divided into twelve hours and the night into twelve (see
Day
The Jews reckoned the day from sunset to sunset (Lev. 23:32). It was originally divided into three parts (Ps. 55:17). “The heat of the day” (1 Sam. 11:11; Neh. 7:3) was at our nine o’clock, and “the cool of the day” just before sunset (Gen. 3:8). Before the Captivity the Jews divided the night into three watches, (1) from sunset to midnight (Lam. 2:19); (2) from midnight till the cock-crowing (Judg. 7:19); and (3) from the cock-crowing till sunrise (Ex.…
The variable length of the natural day at different seasons led in the very earliest times to the adoption of the civil day (or one revolution of the sun) as a standard of time. The Hebrews reckoned the day from evening to evening, (Leviticus 23:32) deriving it from (Genesis 1:5) "the evening and the morning were the first day." The Jews are supposed, like the modern Arabs, to have adopted from an early period minute specifications of the parts of the natural day. Roughly, indeed, they were content to divide it into "morning, evening and noonday," (Psalms 55:17) but when they wished for greater accuracy they pointed to six unequal parts, each of which was again subdivided. These are held to have been -- "the dawn." "Sunrise."…
The day is distinguished into natural, civil, and artificial. The natural day is one revolution of the earth on its axis. The civil day is that, the beginning and the end of which are determined by the custom of any nation. The Hebrews began their day in the evening, Le 23:32; the Babylonians at sunrise; and we begin at midnight. The artificial day is the time of the sun’s continuance above the horizon, which is unequal according to different seasons, on account of the obliquity of the equator. The sacred writers generally divide the day into twelve hours. The sixth hour always ends at noon throughout the year; and the twelfth hour is the last hour before sunset. But in summer, all the hours of the day were longer than in winter, while those of night were shorter. See HOURS, and THREE.
זֶה (zeh) is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'here.' It can stand alone, be used appositively, or function as a predicate. The word can also attach enclitically to interrogative pronouns, adding emphasis and directness. In poetry, it may serve as a relative pronoun, though this usage is rare.
זֶה demonstr.pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here
standing alone
In appos. to subst.
More oft. as pred.
It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.
In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)
With prefixes (in special senses)
base
H2088 זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here . standing alone
. In appos. to subst.
. More oft. as pred.
. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.
. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)
. With prefixes (in special senses)
2088 zeh zeh
a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this
or that:--he, X hence, X here, it(-self), X now, X of him, the
one...the other, X than the other, (X out of) the (self) same,
such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on
that side, X thus, very, which. Compare 2063, 2090, 2097,
2098.
see HEBREW for 02063
see HEBREW for 02090
see HEBREW for 02097
see HEBREW for 02098
זֶה (zeh) — this.
1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, another, such
1a) (alone)
1a1) this one
1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another
1b) (appos to subst)
1b1) this
1c) (as predicate)
1c1) this, such
1d) (enclitically)
1d1) then
1d2) who, whom
1d3) how now, what now
1d4) what now
1d5) wherefore now
1d6) behold here
1d7) just now
1d8) now, now already
1e) (poetry)
1e1) wherein, which, those who
1f) (with prefixes)
1f1) in this (place) here, then
1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter
1f3) thus and thus
1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus
1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side
1f6) on this account
1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how
Art | Pron — Particle · particleHTd/Tm