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Deuteronomy 28:22 — Word Study

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WLCיַכְּכָ֣ה יְ֠הוָה בַּשַּׁחֶ֨פֶת וּבַקַּדַּ֜חַת וּבַדַּלֶּ֗קֶת וּבַֽחַרְחֻר֙ וּבַחֶ֔רֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפ֖וֹן וּבַיֵּרָק֑וֹן וּרְדָפ֖וּךָ עַ֥ד אָבְדֶֽךָ׃

BSAThe LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, The covenant Name of God] will strike younâkâh with wasting diseaseshachepheth [consumption, a serious illness] with feverqaddachath [inflammation, a burning condition] and inflammationdalleqeth [a burning fever] with scorching heatcharchur [extreme burning, fiery heat] and droughtchereb [a lack of rain] and with blightshᵉdêphâh [a destructive crop disease] and mildewyêrâqôwn [a type of fungal disease] these will pursuerâdaph [chase after, follow with hostile intent] you untilʻad [as far as, to the point of] you perishʼâbad [be destroyed, lost]

Word
Listen & take awayDeuteronomy 28
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 22 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('a.ve.De.kha) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
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Deuteronomy 28:22quick helps
In a sentenceThe LORD will bring various afflictions upon you as a consequence of disobedience.
Who is speakingThe LORD, addressing the Israelites through Moses.
Where we areIn a section detailing the curses for disobedience in the covenant.
The hard wordיַכְּכָ֣ה
Take awayThe consequences of turning away from God are severe and multifaceted.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectיהוה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

2 of 12 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Deuteronomy 28:22

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Curses for Disobediencegenerated

21The LORD will make the plague cling to you until He has exterminated you from the land that you are entering to possess.
22The LORD will strike you with wasting disease, with fever and inflammation, with scorching heat and drought, and with blight and mildew; these will pursue you until you perish.
23The sky over your head will be bronze, and the earth beneath you iron.
24The LORD will turn the rain of your land into dust and powder; it will descend on you from the sky until you are destroyed.

Deuteronomy 28:22 is part of a larger passage where God outlines the consequences for Israel's disobedience to His commands. This verse lists specific afflictions that will come upon the people if they turn away from God, emphasizing the seriousness of their covenant relationship with Him. The surrounding verses also describe the severity of these curses, which serve as a warning to the Israelites.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Leviticus 26:16then this is what I will do to you: I will bring upon you sudden terror, wasting disease, and fever that will destroy your sight and drain your life. You will sow your seed in vain, because your enemies will eat it.
22 Chronicles 6:28When famine or plague comes upon the land, or blight or mildew or locusts or grasshoppers, or when their enemies besiege them in their cities, whatever plague or sickness may come,
3Jeremiah 14:12Although they may fast, I will not listen to their cry; although they may offer burnt offerings and grain offerings, I will not accept them. Instead, I will finish them off by sword and famine and plague.”
41 Kings 8:37When famine or plague comes upon the land, or blight or mildew or locusts or grasshoppers, or when their enemy besieges them in their cities, whatever plague or sickness may come,
5Amos 4:9“I struck you with blight and mildew in your growing gardens and vineyards; the locust devoured your fig and olive trees, yet you did not return to Me,” declares the LORD.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יַכְּכָ֣ה, ya.ke.Khahgenerated

The verb יַכְּכָ֣ה (ya.ke.Khah) is a hiphil imperfect form meaning 'he will strike.' This indicates an action that is caused by the subject, in this case, the LORD, who is the agent of the action. The root נָכָה (nakah) encompasses a range of meanings from striking to punishing, often in the context of divine judgment.

In this verse, it signifies the LORD's active role in bringing judgment upon the people through various afflictions, illustrating the consequences of their actions in a direct and impactful manner.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb יַכְּכָ֣ה governs the entire verse, indicating the action of the LORD. The structure lists a series of afflictions that follow, each introduced by a conjunction, creating a cumulative effect of the consequences that will befall the people.

The sentence builds upon the main action of striking, detailing the specific forms of affliction in a series of prepositional phrases, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of the judgment.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יַכְּכָ֣ה as σε (se), which means 'you.' This choice reflects a direct address to the people, maintaining the emphasis on the personal consequences of their actions.

The use of κύριος (kurios) for יְ֠הוָה highlights the authority of the LORD as the one executing these judgments.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Deuteronomy 28:22 warns that if the Israelites disobey God, He will send various afflictions upon them, including serious diseases and environmental troubles. This verse is part of a larger section that outlines the consequences of turning away from God, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that the LORD will strike with consumption?

Consumption refers to a serious wasting disease, emphasizing the physical toll of disobedience as a form of divine punishment.

Why are there so many different afflictions listed?

The variety of afflictions illustrates the comprehensive nature of God's judgment, affecting both health and the environment.

What is the significance of the word 'perish'?

To perish indicates total destruction, highlighting the severity of the consequences for turning away from God's commands.

How does this verse relate to the covenant between God and Israel?

This verse serves as a warning within the covenant context, reminding Israel of the blessings for obedience and the curses for disobedience.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some ways that I might be turning away from God's commands in my life?
  2. How can I better understand the consequences of my actions in relation to my faith?
  3. In what areas do I need to seek God's guidance to avoid the pitfalls described in this verse?
  4. How can I encourage others to remain faithful to God's commands?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Deuteronomy 28:22 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

The Lord shall smite thee with a consumption,.... An emaciation of their bodies, either through famine or wasting diseases, whereby the fluids are washed off, and men are reduced to skin and bones:

Read John Gill on Deuteronomy 28 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.

Read Robert Jamieson on Deuteronomy 28 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

With blasting, and with mildew; two plagues or evil affections of corn. See .

Read Matthew Poole on Deuteronomy 28 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Deuteronomy 28:22 The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.Ver. 22. The Lord shall smite thee, &c.]

Read John Trapp on Deuteronomy 28 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(22) Consumption.—Only here and in Leviticus 26:16. “With which the flesh is consumed and puffed out” (Rashi). Fever.—Only here and in Leviticus 26:16, where it is rendered “burning ague.” ( Comp. Deuteronomy 32:22 : “A fire is kindled in mine anger.”) Inflammation.—Here only. The word is derived from a verb signifying to burn, or pursue hotly, like a fire that hastens on its way. “A heat greater than the fever” (Rashi). Extreme burning.—Here only. “A disease which heats the body inwardly” (Rashi). Blasting and mildew.—“I have smitten you with blasting and with mildew” (Amos 4:9, same words). (See also 1 Kings 8:37, where “pestilence, blasting, and mildew” are contemplated as possibilities…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Deuteronomy 28 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 22. Consumption] שחפת shachepheth, atrophy through lack of food; from שחף shacaph, to be in want. Fever] קדחת kaddachath, from קדח kadach, to be kindled, burn, sparkle; a burning inflammatory fever. Inflammation] דלקת dalleketh, from דלק dalak, to pursue eagerly, to burn after; probably a rapidly consuming cancer. Extreme burning] חרחר charchur, burning upon burning, scald upon scald; from חר char, to be heated, enraged, &c. This probably refers, not only to excruciating inflammations on the body, but also to the irritation and agony of a mind utterly abandoned by God, and lost to hope. What an accumulation of misery! how formidable! and especially in a land where great heat was…

Read AdamClarke on Deuteronomy 28 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

22. Seven Plagues, four on men, and three on their crops. On the former see Leviticus 26:16, and consult A. Macalister, art. ‘Medicine’ in Hastings’ D.B. consumption] Heb. shaḥ ?epheth; from the meaning of the corr. Ar. saḥ ?af, ‘to affect with consumption of the lungs,’ this is usually conceived as phthisis, but Macalister, from the connection here, thinks more likely a wasting fever of the Mediterranean or Malta type. LXX ἀπορία. fever] Heb. ḳ ?addaḥ ?ath, lit. kindling, LXX πυρετὸς; cp. Luke 4:38, John 4:52. ‘May be malarial fever’ (Macalister). inflammation] Heb. dallιḳ ?eth, lit. burning, LXX ῥῖγος. ‘Possibly … some form of ague,’ but ‘perhaps indeed typhoid’ (Macalister). fiery heat]…

Read Cambridge on Deuteronomy 28 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

22. Smite thee… with the sword — The Hebrew word here translated sword, with different pointing, would be rendered heat, or drought; and so some of the versions have it.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Deuteronomy 28 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

The LORD will strike you with wasting disease, with fever and inflammation, with scorching heat and drought, and with blight and mildew; these will pursue you until you perish.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Yahweh will strike you with consumption, with fever, with inflammation, with fiery heat, with the sword, with blight, and with mildew. They will pursue you until you perish.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

The LORD will strike you with wasting disease, with fever and inflammation, with scorching heat and drought, and with blight and mildew; these will pursue you until you perish.

NETBNew English Translation2006

He will afflict you with weakness, fever, inflammation, infection, sword, blight, and mildew; these will attack you until you perish.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Jehovah will smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with fiery heat, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.

RVARevised Version, American1894

The LORD shall smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with fiery heat, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew: and they shall pursue thee until thou dost perish.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

The Lord shall smite thee with a consumption, and with the feuer, and with a burning ague, and with feruent heate, and with the sworde, and with blasting, and with the mildew, and they shall pursue thee vntill thou perish.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Jehovah will smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with burning ague, and with drought, and with blight, and with mildew, and they shall pursue thee until thou perish.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

'Jehovah doth smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with extreme burning, and with sword, and with blasting, and with mildew, and they have pursued thee till thou perish

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

YHWH strikes you with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with extreme burning, and with sword, and with blasting, and with mildew, and they have pursued you until you perish

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

The Lord will smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with extreme burning, and with drought, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou be lost.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Yahweh will attack you with infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation, and with drought and blistering heat, and with scorching winds and mildew. These will pursue you until you perish.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

May the Lord afflict thee with miserable want, with the fever and with cold, with burning and with heat, and with corrupted air and with blasting, and pursue thee till thou perish.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Then the Lord will hit you with sickness that makes you waste away, with a severe fever and swelling like you're burning up, while your crops are damaged by drought and blight and mildew. These will attack you until you die.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

The Lord will send wasting disease, and burning pain, and flaming heat against you, keeping back the rain till your land is waste and dead; so will it be till your destruction is complete.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbיַכְּheobjectכָ֣הwill.strike.yousubjectיְ֠הוָהYahwehprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseבַּwithnoun phrase(the)שַּׁחֶ֨פֶתconsumptionוּandprepositional phraseבַwithnoun phrase(the)קַּדַּ֜חַתfeverוּandprepositional phraseבַwithnoun phrase(the)דַּלֶּ֗קֶתinflammationוּandprepositional phraseבַֽwith.(the)noun phrasefeverishחַרְחֻר֙heatוּandprepositional phraseבַwithnoun phrasetheחֶ֔רֶבswordוּandprepositional phraseבַwithnoun phrase(the)שִּׁדָּפ֖וֹןblightוּandprepositional phraseבַwithnoun phrase(the)יֵּרָק֑וֹןmildewוּandclauseverbרְדָפ֖וּtheyobjectךָwill.pursue.youprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַ֥דuntilclauseverbאָבְדֶֽperishsubjectךָyou

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches the Hebrew closely. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs in three words, indicating variations in the translation of 'strike,' 'pursue,' and 'perish.' The Dead Sea Scrolls contain partial restorations but largely align with the Masoretic Text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יַכְּכָ֣ה יְ֠הוָה בַּשַּׁחֶ֨פֶת וּבַקַּדַּ֜חַת וּבַדַּלֶּ֗קֶת וּבַֽחַרְחֻר֙ וּבַחֶ֔רֶב וּבַשִּׁדָּפ֖וֹן וּבַיֵּרָק֑וֹן וּרְדָפ֖וּךָ עַ֥ד אָבְדֶֽךָ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יַכְּכָ֣הσεיְ֠הוָהκύριοςבַּשַּׁחֶ֨פֶתἀπορίᾳוּבַקַּדַּ֜חַתπυρετῷוּבַדַּלֶּ֗קֶתῥίγειוּבַֽחַרְחֻר֙ἐρεθισμῷוּבַחֶ֔רֶבφόνῳוּבַשִּׁדָּפ֖וֹןἀνεμοφθορίᾳוּבַיֵּרָק֑וֹןὤξρᾳוּרְדָפ֖וּךָσεעַ֥דἕωςאָבְדֶֽךָ׃σε

12 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

יכך יהוה בשׁחפת ובקדחת ובדלקת ובחרחר ובחרב ובשׁדפון ובירקון ירדפוך עד אבידוך

3 words differ from the Masoretic Text: יכך (strike), ירדפוך (pursue), אבידוך (perish)

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q34a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[יכ׳כה] [יהוה] [בשחפת] [ובקדחת] [ובדלקת] [ובחרחר] [ובחרב] [ובשדפון] ובירקון ורדפו׳ך [עד] [אבד׳ך]

1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 10 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q30a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

בשחפת ובקדחת [ובדלקת] [ובחרחר] [ובחרב] [ובשדפון] [ובירקון] ירדפו׳ך עד [אבד׳ך]

10 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Deuteronomy 28:22נָכָהhe will strhe will strike נָכָהיהוהYahwehYahwehיהוהשַׁחֶ֫פֶתwith consumwith consumptioשַׁחֶ֫פֶתקַדַּ֫חַתand with feand with feverקַדַּ֫חַתדַּלֶּ֫קֶתand with inand with inflamדַּלֶּ֫קֶתחַרְחֻרand with feand with feveriחַרְחֻרחֶ֫רֶבand with thand with the swחֶ֫רֶבשְׁדֵפָהand with bland with blightשְׁדֵפָהיֵרָקוֹןand with miand with mildewיֵרָקוֹןרָדַףand they wiand they will pרָדַףעַדuntiluntilעַדאָבַדperishing yperishing youאָבַדהָיָהto beto beהָיָהקָדַחto kindleto kindleקָדַחדָּלַקto burn/puto burn/pursueדָּלַקחָרַרto scorchto scorchחָרַרחָרֵבto dryto dryחָרֵבשָׁדַףto scorchto scorchשָׁדַףיֶ֫רֶקgreengreenיֶ֫רֶקשַׁ֫חַףgullgullשַׁ֫חַףעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדחָסִילlocustlocustחָסִילמַכָּהwoundwoundמַכָּהפְּלִשְׁתִּי(Sea of th(Sea of the) Phפְּלִשְׁתִּינְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻםצָבָאarmyarmyצָבָארָעָבfaminefamineרָעָבחָלָלslain: kilslain: killedחָלָליֵרָקוֹןmildewmildewיֵרָקוֹןשְׁדֵפָהblightblightשְׁדֵפָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Deuteronomy 28:22

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
יַכְּכָ֣הya.ke.Khah he will strike you H5221 Verb hiphil imperfect third person masculine singular · suffix
500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to strike or hit something, and it's used in many different ways, like in Exodus when God strikes down the Egyptians. It can also mean to punish or destroy, as seen in Isaiah. The word is used to describe God's judgment.
Tyndale gloss
to smite
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָכָה (nakah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to strike or smite, encompassing a range of actions from lightly hitting to fatal blows. It appears in various forms, indicating actions like attacking, punishing, or causing disease. The entries suggest its use in both literal and figurative contexts, including divine judgment and applause. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָכָה] 501 vb. smite (not in Qal)

Niph. and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die

Pu. both be smitten down by the hail

Hiph.

lit., smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike

smite repeatedly, beat a man

and they clapped hands (in applause)

give a thrust (with fork) into pot; strike roots

rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound

smite, of sun

Smite fatally

Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company

Of God

smite with a plague, disease, etc.

smite = chastise, or send judgment upon

of God’s destroying palaces

Hoph. be smitten

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5221 נָכָה smite (not in Qal) . and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die

. both be smitten down by the hail

. . . lit., smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike

. smite repeatedly, beat a man

. and they clapped hands (in applause)

. give a thrust (with fork) into pot; strike roots

. rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound

. smite, of sun

. Smite fatally

. Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company

. Of God . smite with a plague, disease, etc.

. smite = chastise, or send judgment upon

. of God’s destroying palaces

. be smitten

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5221 nakah naw-kaw'

a primitive root; to strike (lightly or severely, literally

or figuratively):--beat, cast forth, clap, give (wounds), X

go forward, X indeed, kill, make (slaughter), murderer,

punish, slaughter, slay(-er, -ing), smite(-r, -ing), strike,

be stricken, (give) stripes, X surely, wound.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָכָה (na.khah) — to smite.

1) to strike, smite, hit, beat, slay, kill

1a)(Niphal) to be stricken or smitten

1b) (Pual) to be stricken or smitten

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to smite, strike, beat, scourge, clap, applaud, give a thrust

1c2) to smite, kill, slay (man or beast)

1c3) to smite, attack, attack and destroy, conquer, subjugate, ravage

1c4) to smite, chastise, send judgment upon, punish, destroy

1d) (Hophal) to be smitten

1d1) to receive a blow

1d2) to be wounded

1d3) to be beaten

1d4) to be (fatally) smitten, be killed, be slain

1d5) to be attacked and captured

1d6) to be smitten (with disease)

1d7) to be blighted (of plants)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms | Suff — Verb hiphil imperfect third person masculine singular · suffix
HVhi3ms/Sp2ms
he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
יְ֠הוָהYah.weh Yahweh H3068 Noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
Yehovah, The covenant Name of God
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
בַּשַּׁחֶ֨פֶתba.sha.Che.fet with consumption H7829 Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a serious illness, like tuberculosis, that causes the body to waste away. It is mentioned in Deuteronomy 28:22 as a curse for disobedience.
Amplified meaning
consumption, a serious illness
Tyndale gloss
illness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁחֶ֫פֶת (shachepheth) refers to a wasting disease or consumption, particularly affecting the lungs. It is derived from a related term indicating emaciation. The entries consistently describe it as an illness characterized by significant weight loss.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׁחֶ֫פֶת n.f. wasting disease, consumption

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7829 שַׁחֶ֫פֶת wasting disease, consumption

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7829 shachepheth shakh-eh'-feth

from the same as 7828; emaciation:--consumption.

see HEBREW for 07828

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁחֶ֫פֶת (sha.che.phet) — illness.

1) consumption, wasting disease

1a) a wasting disease of the lungs

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HRd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kon-sump'-shun (shachepheth, "wasting away"): One of the punishments which was to follow neglect or breach of the law. It may mean pulmonary consumption, which occurs frequently in Palestine; but from its association with fever in the texts, Le 26:16; De 28:22, it is more likely to be the much more common condition of wasting and emaciation from prolonged or often recurring attacks of malarial fever.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Le 26:16; De 28:22

he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
וּבַקַּדַּ֜חַתu.vak.ka.Da.chat and with fever H6920 Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a fever or inflammation, describing a burning or sickly condition, often used to convey physical suffering or illness.
Amplified meaning
inflammation, a burning condition
Tyndale gloss
fever
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קַדַּ֫חַת (qaddachath) refers to fever or febrile disease, indicating a state of inflammation. It is derived from the root word for burning, and is mentioned in contexts such as Deuteronomy 28:22 and Leviticus 26:16.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קַדַּ֫חַת n.f. fever;—Dt 28:22 Lv 26:16.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6920 קַדַּ֫חַת fever

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6920 qaddachath kad-dakh'-ath

from 6919; inflammation, i.e. febrile disease:--burning

ague, fever.

see HEBREW for 06919

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קַדַּ֫חַת (qad.da.chat) — fever.

fever

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Rd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

fe'-ver (qaddachath, dalleqeth; puretos, derived from a root signifying "to burn"):

A generic term, applied to all diseases characterized by high temperature of body. Several forms of febrile disease are among the commonest of all maladies in Palestine today, as they were also in the period covered by the Bible history. Of these the most prevalent is ague or intermittent malarial fever, which is common in all parts but especially in low-lying districts or places where there are pools or marshes in which mosquitoes breed, these insects being the commonest carriers of the malaria bacillus. These fevers are generally more severe in late summer and autumn, when the mosquitoes are most numerous, and when there is a liability to chill, owing to the sudden drop of temperature at sunset. During the day one uses as light clothing as possible, but immediately after sunset the air becomes chilly…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Fever

(Deut. 28:22; Matt. 8:14; Mark 1:30; John 4:52; Acts 28:8), a burning heat, as the word so rendered denotes, which attends all febrile attacks. In all Eastern countries such diseases are very common. Peter’s wife’s mother is said to have suffered from a “great fever” (Luke 4:38), an instance of Luke’s professional exactitude in describing disease. He adopts here the technical medical distinction, as in those times fevers were divided into the “great” and the “less.”

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Le 26:16; De 28:22; Job 30:30; Ps 22:15; Mt 8:14; Ac 28:8

he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
וּבַדַּלֶּ֗קֶתu.vad.da.Le.ket and with inflammation H1816 Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Inflammation refers to a burning fever or intense heat. This word is used to describe a strong physical reaction, often caused by illness or injury. It is found in the Bible as a description of suffering.
Amplified meaning
a burning fever
Tyndale gloss
inflammation
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דַּלֶּ֫קֶת (dalleqeth) refers to inflammation or a burning fever. It is derived from the root word for burning, and it appears in Deuteronomy 28:22. The lexicons consistently define it as inflammation without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דַּלֶּ֫קֶת n.f. inflammation, Dt 28:22.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1816 דַּלֶּ֫קֶת inflammation

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1816 dalleqeth dal-lek'-keth

: from 1814; a burning fever:--inflammation.

see HEBREW for 01814

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דַּלֶּ֫קֶת (dal.le.qet) — inflammation.

inflammation

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Rd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

in-fla-ma'-shun (dalleqeth; rhigos): Only in De 28:22, was considered by Jewish writers as "burning fever," by Septuagint as a form of ague. Both this and typhoid fever are now, and probably were, among the commonest of the diseases of Palestine. See FEVER. In Le 13:28 the King James Version has "inflammation" as the rendering of tsarebheth, which Septuagint reads charakter, and for which the proper English equivalent is "scar," as in the Revised Version (British and American).

he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
וּבַֽחַרְחֻר֙u.va.char.Chur and with feverish heat H2746 Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word describes extreme heat or fever, like a violent burning. It is used to convey intense inflammation or heat in the Bible, often in poetic or descriptive passages.
Amplified meaning
extreme burning, fiery heat
Tyndale gloss
heat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חַרְחֻר (charchur) refers to violent heat or fever, indicating extreme burning or inflammation. It is derived from a root associated with intense heat. The term appears in Deuteronomy 28:22, where it is used in the context of afflictions.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַרְחֻר n.m. violent heat, fever—Dt 28:22.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2746 חַרְחֻר violent heat, fever

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2746 charchur khar-khoor'

from 2787; fever (as hot); -extreme burning.

see HEBREW for 02787

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַרְחֻר (char.chur) — heat.

extreme heat, inflammation, violent heat, fever

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Rd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

het (chom, horebh, "drought," Job 30:30; Isa 4:6; 25:4; Jer 36:30; sharabh, Isa 49:10, translated in the Revised Version margin "mirage"; zestos, "fervent," Re 3:15, therme, Ac 28:3, kauma, Re 7:16, kauson, Mt 20:12; see MIRAGE):

1. Dreaded in Palestine:

The heat of the summer is greatly dreaded in Palestine, and as a rule the people rest under cover during the middle of the day, when the sun is hottest. There is no rain from May to October, and scarcely a cloud…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Jonah overcome with Jon 4:8

→ See SUNSTROKE

he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
וּבַחֶ֔רֶבu.va.Che.rev and with the sword H2719 Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
413× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A sword or cutting instrument is what this Hebrew word refers to, including knives and tools for cutting stone. It is used in the Bible to describe weapons and sharp objects.
Amplified meaning
a lack of rain
Tyndale gloss
sword
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֶ֫רֶב (chereb) means 'sword' and can also refer to other cutting instruments like knives and tools. It is derived from a root meaning 'drought,' highlighting its destructive nature. The term is used in various contexts in the Old Testament, primarily to denote weapons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֶ֫רֶב 411 n.f. sword (as weapon)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2719 חֶ֫רֶב sword (as weapon)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2719 chereb kheh'-reb

from 2717; drought; also a cutting instrument (from its

destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp

implement:--axe, dagger, knife, mattock, sword, tool.

see HEBREW for 02717

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֶ֫רֶב (che.rev) — sword.

1) sword, knife

1a) sword

1b) knife

1c) tools for cutting stone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Rd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sord.

See ARMOR, III, 5.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Sword

Of the Hebrew was pointed, sometimes two-edged, was worn in a sheath, and suspended from the girdle (Ex. 32:27; 1 Sam. 31:4; 1 Chr. 21:27; Ps. 149:6: Prov. 5:4; Ezek. 16:40; 21:3-5).

It is a symbol of divine chastisement (Deut. 32:25; Ps. 7:12; 78:62), and of a slanderous tongue (Ps. 57:4; 64:3; Prov. 12:18). The word of God is likened also to a…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[ARMS, ARMOR]

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Used by

Gideon Jud 7:20

Goliath 1Sa 21:9

Peter Mt 26:51; Joh 18:10

→ David' s army equipped with 1Ch 21:5

→ To be beaten into plowshares Isa 2:4; Mic 4:3

→ Made of plowshares Joe 3:10

→ Two-edged Heb 4:12; Re 1:16; 2:12

→ FIGURATIVE

Of war Ge 27:40

he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
וּבַשִּׁדָּפ֖וֹןu.vash.shi.da.Fon and with blight H7711 Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a blight that destroys crops, causing them to wither and die. It is often used to describe the consequences of disobeying God's commands.
Amplified meaning
a destructive crop disease
Tyndale gloss
blight
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁדֵפָה (*shdephah*) refers to a blighted or blasted thing, while שִׁדָּפוֹן (*shiddaphown*) specifically denotes blight in crops. Both terms are derived from the root word for blight, and they are used interchangeably in some contexts. The entries indicate a close relationship between the two forms, emphasizing their agricultural implications.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁדֵפָה n.f. blighted or blasted thing

base

שִׁדָּפוֹן n.m. blight, of crops

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7711a שְׁדֵפָה blighted or blasted thing H7711b שִׁדָּפוֹן blight, of crops

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7711 shdephah shed-ay-faw'

or shiddaphown {shid-daw-fone'}; from 7710;

blight:--blasted(-ing).

see HEBREW for 07710

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁדֵפָה (she.de.phah) — blight.

blighted or blasted thing, blighted, blasted

Another spelling of shid.da.phon (שִׁדָּפוֹן "blight" H7711B)

שִׁדָּפוֹן (shid.da.phon) — blight.

blight (of crops)

Also means: she.de.phah (שְׁדֵפָה "blight" H7711A)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Rd/Ncmsa
he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
וּבַיֵּרָק֑וֹןu.vai.ye.ra.Kon and with mildew H3420 Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a type of mildew or paleness that affects plants, like a disease that harms crops. It is mentioned in Deuteronomy, warning the Israelites about the consequences of disobedience.
Amplified meaning
a type of fungal disease
Tyndale gloss
mildew
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יֵרָקוֹן (yeraqown) refers to mildew, paleness, or lividness, indicating a change in color due to various conditions, such as fright in people or drought in plants. The term is derived from another Hebrew word related to color. The entries consistently highlight its association with mildew and paleness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יֵרָקוֹן n.m. mildew, paleness, lividness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3420 יֵרָקוֹן mildew, paleness, lividness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3420 yeraqown yay-raw-kone'

from 3418; paleness, whether of persons (from fright), or of

plants (from drought):--greenish, yellow.

see HEBREW for 03418

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יֵרָקוֹן (ye.ra.qon) — mildew.

1) mildew, paleness, lividness

1a) mildew, rust

1b) paleness

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Rd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

mil'-du (yeraqon; Septuagint usually ikteros, literally, "jaundice"): In the 5 passages where it occurs it is associated with shiddaphon, "blasting" (De 28:22; 1Ki 8:37; 2Ch 6:28; Am 4:9; Hag 2:17). In Jer 30:6, the same word is translated "paleness," the yellow color of one with abdominal disease. The root-meaning is "greenish yellow"; compare the Arabic yarqan, meaning both "jaundice" and "blight." Mildrew or "rust" in grain is due to a special fungus, Puccinia graminis, whose life is divided between the barberry and cereals. Many other varieties of fungi which…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Mildew

(the rendering of a Hebrew word meaning “to be yellow,” yellowness), the result of cutting east winds blighting and thus rendering the grain unproductive (Deut. 28:22; 1 Kings 8:37; 2 Chr. 6:28).

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning De 28:22; Am 4:9; Hag 2:17

Thompson Chain Reference topics
he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
וּרְדָפ֖וּךָu.re.da.Fu.kha and they will pursue you H7291 Verb qal sequential perfect third person common plural · suffix
143× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To pursue or chase after someone means to follow them with hostile intent. This can be a physical pursuit or a pursuit of someone's life or well-being, as seen in many biblical stories.
Amplified meaning
chase after, follow with hostile intent
Tyndale gloss
to pursue
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָדַף (radaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to pursue, chase, or persecute. It conveys the idea of running after something, often with hostile intent, and can also figuratively refer to following time or securing something. The word has various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, and Hiphil, each indicating different nuances of pursuit or being pursued.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָדַף 141 vb. pursue, chase, persecute

Qal 128

pursue

lit. put to flight, chase

lit., the pursuers

chase, hunt

pursue

fig. persecute, harass

pursue, dog

fig. follow after, aim to secure

Niph. upon the neck (i.e. closely) we are pursued

Pi. pursue ardently

Pu. it shall be chased away like chaff of the mountains

Hiph. usu. they chased him

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7291 רָדַף pursue, chase, persecute

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7291 radaph raw-daf'

a primitive root; to run after (usually with hostile intent;

figuratively (of time) gone by):--chase, put to flight,

follow (after, on), hunt, (be under) persecute(-ion, -or),

pursue(-r).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָדַף (ra.daph) — to pursue.

1) to be behind, follow after, pursue, persecute, run after

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to pursue, put to flight, chase, dog, attend closely upon

1a2) to persecute, harass (fig)

1a3) to follow after, aim to secure (fig)

1a4) to run after (a bribe) (fig)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be pursued

1b2) one pursued (participle)

1c) (Piel) to pursue ardently, aim eagerly to secure, pursue

1d) (Pual) to be pursued, be chased away

1e) (Hiphil) to pursue, chase

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-3cp | Suff — Verb qal sequential perfect third person common plural · suffix
Hc/Vqq3cp/Sp2ms
he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
עַ֥ד'ad until H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Amplified meaning
as far as, to the point of
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
he will strike you Yahweh with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with feverish heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew and they will pursue you until perishing you
אָבְדֶֽךָ׃'a.ve.De.kha perishing you H6 Verb qal infinitive construct common · suffix
184× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To perish means to be destroyed or lost, whether it's a person, animal, or thing, like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis 19.
Amplified meaning
be destroyed, lost
Tyndale gloss
to perish
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָבַד (abad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to perish or be lost. It encompasses a range of meanings, including dying, vanishing, and destruction, often in a moral or judgment context. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, with uses related to individuals, nations, and inanimate objects. The lexicons indicate that it can also imply causing something to perish or stray.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָבַד vb. perish (M I אבד, As. abâtu Dl W 184 Aram אֲבַד, Syriac).—

Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵ֑ד Jb 20:7 + 2t.; 3fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4t.; תֹּאבֵ֑ד Jb 8:13 + 3t.; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3t.; יֹאבֵ֑דוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה֙ I S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵ֑ד Jon 1:6

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Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6 אָבַד perish .. perish, die, of individuals

. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory

. be lost, strayed

. . cause to perish, destroy, kill

. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with

. cause to stray, lose

. . destroy, put to death, in judgment

. fig. obj. name of kings; hope; voice of mirth etc.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6 'abad aw-bad'

a primitive root; properly, to wander away, i.e. lose

oneself; by implication to perish (causative,

destroy):--break, destroy(- uction), + not escape, fail,

lose, (cause to, make) perish, spend, X and surely, take, be

undone, X utterly, be void of, have no way to flee.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָבַד (a.vad) — to perish.

1) perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) perish, die, be exterminated

1a2) perish, vanish (fig.)

1a3) be lost, strayed

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate

1b2) to blot out, do away with, cause to vanish, (fig.)

1b3) cause to stray, lose

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to destroy, put to death

1c1a) of divine judgment

1c2) object name of kings (fig.)

Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (אֲבַד "to destroy" H0007)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Inf-a | Suff — Verb qal infinitive construct common · suffix
HVqcc/Sp2ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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