Psalms 22:15 — Word Study
WLCיָ֘בֵ֤שׁ כַּחֶ֨רֶשׂ׀ כֹּחִ֗י וּ֭לְשׁוֹנִי מֻדְבָּ֣ק מַלְקוֹחָ֑י וְֽלַעֲפַר־ מָ֥וֶת תִּשְׁפְּתֵֽנִי׃
BSAWater (Gate)mayim to pourshâphak to separatepârad allkôl boneʻetsem to behâyâh heartlêb waxdôwnag to meltmâçaç midsttâvek bellymêʻeh
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יָ֘בֵ֤שׁ | it has dried up | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| כַּחֶ֨רֶשׂ׀ | like earthenware | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| כֹּחִ֗י | strength my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וּ֭לְשׁוֹנִי | and tongue my | Conjunction, noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| מֻדְבָּ֣ק | [has been] made to cling to | Verb, Hophal, participle (passive) masculine singular |
| מַלְקוֹחָ֑י | jaws my | Noun common masculine dual construct, suffix |
| וְֽלַעֲפַר־ | and to [the] dust of | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| מָ֥וֶת | death | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| תִּשְׁפְּתֵֽנִי׃ | you put me | Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You lay me in the dust of death. |
| KJV | My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death. |
| ASV | My strength is dried up like a potsherd; And my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; And thou hast brought me into the dust of death. |
| YLT | Dried up as an earthen vessel is my power, And my tongue is cleaving to my jaws. |
| WEB | My strength is dried up like a potsherd. My tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You have brought me into the dust of death. |
| BBE | My throat is dry like a broken vessel; my tongue is fixed to the roof of my mouth, and the dust of death is on my lips. |
The translations agree on the rendering of יָבֵשׁ as dried up.
The verse consists of a main clause followed by a conjunction phrase and another main clause, showing a progression of thought from personal suffering to a state of mortality.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbכְּ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 22:15
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament of Sufferinggenerated
Psalm 22:15 is part of a lament where the psalmist expresses feelings of abandonment and physical suffering. The imagery of strength drying up and the tongue sticking to the roof of the mouth illustrates the intensity of despair. This psalm is often linked to themes of suffering and divine silence, resonating with experiences of deep anguish, similar to other lamentations found in the Psalms.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 32:3–4 | When I kept silent, my bones became brittle from my groaning all day long. |
| 2 | Proverbs 17:22 | A joyful heart is good medicine, but a broken spirit dries up the bones. |
| 3 | Psalm 69:3–21 | I am weary from my crying; my throat is parched. My eyes fail, looking for my God. |
| 4 | Job 29:10 | The voices of the nobles were hushed, and their tongues stuck to the roofs of their mouths. |
| 5 | Lamentations 4:4 | The nursing infant’s tongue clings in thirst to the roof of his mouth. Little children beg for bread, but no one gives them any. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 17 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יָבֵשׁ, ya.Veshgenerated
The Hebrew word יָבֵשׁ (yabesh) means to dry up or wither, often used to describe plants or things that have lost vitality. In this context, it emphasizes the psalmist's loss of strength and energy, akin to a plant withering without water.
The parsing as a perfect verb indicates a completed action, suggesting that the drying up of strength is not just a temporary state but a profound and lasting condition, reflecting the depth of the speaker's suffering.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, the verse is read in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses dried up for יָבֵשׁ.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse centers around three main clauses, with the first clause describing the speaker's strength, the second detailing the condition of the tongue, and the third expressing the action of being laid in dust. The arrangement emphasizes a progression from personal suffering to a state of mortality.
The finite verbs יָבֵשׁ and מֻדְבָּק govern the clauses, indicating the speaker's condition and the action taken by the subject.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יָבֵשׁ as ἐχεξύθην, which suggests a more passive sense of being dried up, possibly indicating a divine action in the speaker's condition. This choice may reflect an interpretation that emphasizes the role of God in the psalmist's suffering.
The use of μου for the possessive form of 'my' in the Septuagint aligns with the Hebrew, maintaining the personal nature of the lament.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 22:15 describes a deep sense of weakness and despair. The speaker feels their strength has dried up like a piece of broken pottery, and their tongue sticks to the roof of their mouth, indicating extreme thirst or distress. The verse concludes with the speaker being laid in the dust of death, highlighting the finality of their suffering.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies a complete loss of vitality and energy, reflecting the speaker's deep emotional and physical distress.
The tongue represents the ability to speak and express oneself, and its sticking to the roof of the mouth indicates an inability to communicate due to suffering.
It suggests a state of mortality and despair, emphasizing the finality of death and the speaker's feeling of abandonment.
This verse shares themes of suffering and divine silence common in other psalms, expressing a deep yearning for relief and connection with God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I experience feelings of weakness or despair in my own life?
- How can I find strength in moments when I feel like my vitality is drying up?
- What does it mean for me to express my suffering and struggles, like the psalmist does?
- How can I support others who are feeling laid low or abandoned in their struggles?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, interpreting it in the context of suffering and divine strength, drawing parallels to Christ's passion.
"My strength dried up as a potsherd" [Psalms 22:15]. My strength dried up by My Passion; not as hay, but a potsherd, which is made stronger by fire.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 22 →
And so fire cooked the meats of our Lamb, because the very power of His passion rendered Him stronger for resurrection and strengthened Him for incorruption. For He who recovered from death—clearly His flesh was hardened by fire.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 22 →
Concerning which earthen vessel of His body, Wisdom Himself says: "My strength is dried up like a potsherd." For because a potsherd is hardened in fire, His strength dried up like a potsherd,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 22 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 22:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMy strength is dried up like a potsherd,.... The radical moisture of his body was dried up through his loss of blood and spirits, and through the violent fever upon him, brought on him by his being
Read John Gill on Psalms 22 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMy strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 22 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleI have in a manner no more radical moisture left in me than is in a dry potsherd. My tongue eleaveth to my jaws, through that excessive thirst and drought. See . Thou hast brought me into the dust of death; partly by thy providence delivering me into the power of mine enemies, and partly by thy terrors in my mind and soul.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 22 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 22:15 My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death.Ver. 15. My strength is dried up like a potsherd] My spirits are utterly spent, my natural moisture quite wasted and dried up, Viror meus. Humidum radicale membra in unum conglutinans (Aben Ezra); so that I am even like a skin bottle in the smoke, &c. For "my strength" some read my palate. And my tongue cleaveth to my jaws] That which feedeth and facilitateth the motion of the tongue in speech is exhausted. Consider here the greatness of the divine displeasure poured upon Christ, our surety. Words are too weak to utter it. And thou hast brought me into the…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 22 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(15) My strength.—The conjecture, “my palate,” instead of “my strength,” improves the parallelism. Others, but not so happily, “my moisture.” The dust of death.—Comp. Shakespeare’s “Macbeth:” “The way to dusty death.”
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 22 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 15. My strength is dried up] All these expressions mark a most distressed and hopeless case. Into the dust of death.] This means only that he was apparently brought nigh to the grave, and consequent corruption; this latter David saw; but Jesus Christ never saw corruption.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 22 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges15. The vital sap and moisture of the body are dried up. Cp. Psalms 32:4. Possibly for my strength we should read my palate. Cp. Psalms 69:3. thou hast brought me] Thou art laying me. Even in this persecution he can recognise the hand of God. His tormentors are Jehovah’s instruments. Cp. Acts 2:23.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 22 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleMy strength is dried up like a potsherd, - A “potsherd” is a fragment of a broken pot, or a piece of earthenware. See Isaiah 45:9, note; and Job 2:8, note.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 22 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You lay me in the dust of death.
My strength is dried up like a potsherd. My tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You have brought me into the dust of death.
My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You lay me in the dust of death.
The roof of my mouth is as dry as a piece of pottery; my tongue sticks to my gums. You set me in the dust of death.
Tyndale line
My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death.
My strength is dried up like a potsherd; And my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; And thou hast brought me into the dust of death.
My Strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death.
My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death.
My strength is dryed vp like a potsheard, and my tongue cleaueth to my iawes, and thou hast brought me into the dust of death.
Strictly literal
My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue cleaveth to my palate; and thou hast laid me in the dust of death.
Dried up as an earthen vessel is my power, And my tongue is cleaving to my jaws.
My power is dried up as an earthen vessel, || And My tongue is cleaving to My jaws.
(22:16) Like a potsherd is my strength dried up; and my tongue cleaveth to my palate; and into the dust of death hast thou laid me down.
My strength has dried up like a piece of pottery; my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You have laid me in the dust of death.
Simplified
My strength has dried up like a piece of broken pottery. My tongue is stuck to the roof of my mouth. You're burying me as if I'm already dead.
My throat is dry like a broken vessel; my tongue is fixed to the roof of my mouth, and the dust of death is on my lips.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in wording, with the Septuagint providing a direct correspondence for most words. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some variations with partial restorations but align with the overall message of the verse.
יָ֘בֵ֤שׁ כַּחֶ֨רֶשׂ׀ כֹּחִ֗י וּ֭לְשׁוֹנִי מֻדְבָּ֣ק מַלְקוֹחָ֑י וְֽלַעֲפַר־ מָ֥וֶת תִּשְׁפְּתֵֽנִי׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[כמים] נשפכתי [והתפרדו] [כל] עצמת׳י היה [לב׳י] [כדונג] נמש בתוך מע׳י
3 words on the leather — 3 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
[כמים] [נשפכתי] [והתפרדו] [כל] עצמות׳י היה [לב׳י] [כדונג] [נמס] [בתוך] [מע׳י]
2 words on the leather — 9 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 22:15
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יָבֵשׁ (yabesh) primarily means to be dry or to wither. It can refer to something that is dried up or lacking moisture, as well as the act of drying something out. The word has different forms, including Qal (to be dry), Piel (to make dry), and Hiphil (to dry up). It conveys a sense of desiccation or loss of vitality.
יָבֵשׁ vb. be dry, dried up, withered
Qal
be dry, dried up without moisture
be dried up
Pi. make dry, dry up
Hiph. dry up, make dry
dry up water
make dry, wither
exhibit dryness
base
H3001 יָבֵשׁ be dry, dried up, withered
3001 yabesh yaw-bashe'
a primitive root; to be ashamed, confused or disappointed;
also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as
herbage):--be ashamed, clean, be confounded, (make) dry (up),
(do) shame(-fully), X utterly, wither (away).
יָבֵשׁ (ya.vesh) — to wither.
1) to make dry, wither, be dry, become dry, be dried up, be withered
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be dry, be dried up, be without moisture
1a2) to be dried up
1b) (Piel) to make dry, dry up
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to dry up, make dry
1c1a) to dry up (water)
1c1b) to make dry, wither
1c1c) to exhibit dryness
HVqp3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
חֶ֫רֶשׂ (cheres) refers to earthenware or pottery, including terms like sherd and potsherd. It is derived from a form that connects to other Hebrew words related to pottery. The entries consistently emphasize its use in describing clay vessels and fragments.
חֶ֫רֶשׂ n.[m.] earthenware, earthen vessel, sherd potsherd
base
H2789 חֶ֫רֶשׂ earthenware, earthen vessel, sherd potsherd
2789 cheres kheh'-res
a collateral form mediating between 2775 and 2791; a piece of
pottery:--earth(-en), (pot-)sherd, + stone.
see HEBREW for 02775
see HEBREW for 02791
חֶ֫רֶשׂ (che.re.s) — earthenware.
earthenware, clay pottery, shard, potsherd, earthen vessel
HRd/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
[POTTERY]
→ See POTTERY
כֹּחַ (koach) refers to both a small reptile, likely a type of lizard, and the concepts of strength and power. The entries highlight its use in contexts of human and divine strength, as well as its association with wealth and capacity. Notably, it appears in Leviticus 11:30 regarding unclean animals.
כֹּחַ n.[m.] a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Lv 11:30; chameleon
ref
כֹּחַ and כּוֹחַ n.m. strength, power
base
H3581a כֹּחַ a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things; chameleon H3581b כֹּחַ and כּוֹחַ strength, power
3581 koach ko'-akh
or (Dan. 11:6) kowach {ko'-akh}; from an unused root meaning
to be firm; vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense)
or figuratively (capacity, means, produce); also (from its
hardiness) a large lizard: -ability, able, chameleon, force,
fruits, might, power(-ful), strength, substance, wealth.
כֹּחַ (ko.ach) — reptile.
1) a small reptile, probably a kind of lizard, which is unclean
1a) perhaps an extinct animal, exact meaning is unknown
כֹּחַ (ko.ach) — strength.
1) strength, power, might
1a) human strength
1b) strength (of angels)
1c) power (of God)
1d) strength (of animals)
1e) strength, produce, wealth (of soil)
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word לָשׁוֹן (*lashon*) primarily means 'tongue,' referring to both the organ of speech in humans and animals. It can also denote 'language' and has figurative uses, such as a 'tongue-shaped' wedge or bay. The entries highlight its literal and metaphorical applications, but do not present any significant disagreements among the lexicons.
לָשׁוֹן n.m. and (more oft.) f. tongue
tongue of men
= language
tongue of animals
tongue of fire
= (tongue-shaped) wedge of gold
= (tongue-shaped) bay of sea
base
H3956 לָשׁוֹן tongue . tongue of men
. = language
. tongue of animals
. tongue of fire
. = (tongue-shaped) wedge of gold
. = (tongue-shaped) bay of sea
3956 lashown law-shone'
or lashon {law-shone'}; also (in plural) feminine lshonah
{lesh-o-naw'}; from 3960; the tongue (of man or animals), used
literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech),
and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of
water):--+ babbler,bay, + evil speaker, language, talker,
tongue, wedge.
see HEBREW for 03960
לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue.
: tongue/words
1) tongue
1a) tongue (of men)
1a1) tongue (literal)
1a2) tongue (organ of speech)
1b) language
1c) tongue (of animals)
1d) tongue (of fire)
1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)
לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue: language.
: language
1) tongue
1a) tongue (of men)
1a1) tongue (literal)
1a2) tongue (organ of speech)
1b) language
1c) tongue (of animals)
1d) tongue (of fire)
1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)
לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue: bar.
: bar/projection/bay
1) tongue
1a) tongue (of men)
1a1) tongue (literal)
1a2) tongue (organ of speech)
1b) language
1c) tongue (of animals)
1d) tongue (of fire)
1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)
HC/Ncbsc/Sp1bs — Conjunction · noun common both singular construct · suffixHC/Ncbsc/Sp1bs
דָּבַק, transliterated as dabaq, is a Hebrew verb meaning to cling or cleave. It encompasses a range of actions such as adhering closely, pursuing, and being joined together. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, Pual, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating different nuances of the action. Notably, it can describe both physical and metaphorical closeness.
דָּבַק, דָּבֵק vb. cling, cleave, keep close
Qal
cling, cleave to
cling, cleave to
Pu. of crocodile’s scales, they are joined together
Hiph.
cause to cling or cleave to
pursue closely
overtake
Hoph. and my tongue is made to cleave (to) my gums
base
H1692 דָּבַק, דָּבֵק cling, cleave, keep close
1692 dabaq daw-bak'
a primitive root; properly, to impinge, i.e. cling or adhere;
figuratively, to catch by pursuit:--abide fast, cleave (fast
together), follow close (hard after), be joined (together),
keep (fast), overtake, pursue hard, stick, take.
דָּבַק (da.vaq) — to cleave.
1) to cling, stick, stay close, cleave, keep close, stick to, stick with, follow closely, join to, overtake, catch
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cling, cleave to
1a2) to stay with
1b) (Pual) to be joined together
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to cleave to
1c2) to pursue closely
1c3) to overtake
1d) (Hophal) to be made to cleave
Aramaic equivalent: de.vaq (דְּבֵק "to cleave" H1693)
HVHsmsa — Verb · Hophal · participle (passive) masculine singularHVHsmsa
מַלְקוֹחַ (malqowach) refers to both 'booty' or 'prey' and 'jaw.' The word is derived from a root meaning to take or seize, indicating its connection to capturing food or spoils. It appears in contexts related to both physical consumption and the spoils of war, with a specific mention in Psalm 22:16.
מַלְקוֹחַ n.m. booty, prey
base
[מַלְקוֹחַ] n.[m.] jaw (as taking, seizing food);—ψ 22:16
ref
H4455a מַלְקוֹחַ booty, prey H4455b מַלְקוֹחַ jaw
4455 malqowach mal-ko'-akh
from 3947; transitively (in dual) the jaws (as taking food);
intransitively, spoil (and captives) (as taken):--booty,
jaws, prey.
see HEBREW for 03947
מַלְקוֹחַ (mal.qo.ach) — prey.
booty, prey
מַלְקוֹחַ (mal.qo.ach) — jaw.
jaw
HNcmdc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine dual construct · suffixHNcmdc/Sp1bs
עָפָר (aphar) refers to dry earth or dust, encompassing meanings such as powder, ashes, and rubbish. It is derived from a root meaning to be dry and is used in various contexts, including clay and mortar. The entries consistently highlight its association with loose earth and debris.
עָפָר n.m. dry earth, dust
base
H6083 עָפָר dry earth, dust
6083 `aphar aw-fawr'
from 6080; dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth,
mud:--ashes, dust, earth, ground, morter, powder, rubbish.
see HEBREW for 06080
עָפָר (a.phar) — dust.
1) dry earth, dust, powder, ashes, earth, ground, mortar, rubbish
1a) dry or loose earth
1b) debris
1c) mortar
1d) ore
HC/R/Ncmsc — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHC/R/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מָ֫וֶת (maveth) means 'death' and encompasses various aspects such as natural or violent death, the state of being dead, and the realm of the dead (hades). It can also refer to pestilence or ruin. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to die' and has an Aramaic equivalent, מוֹת (mot).
מָ֫וֶת 161 n.m. death
death, opp. life
death by violence
state of death or place of death
base
H4194 מָ֫וֶת death
4194 maveth maw'-veth
from 4191; death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead,
their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence,
ruin:--(be) dead((-ly)), death, die(-d).
see HEBREW for 04191
מָ֫וֶת (ma.vet) — death.
1) death, dying, Death (personified), realm of the dead
1a) death
1b) death by violence (as a penalty)
1c) state of death, place of death
Aramaic equivalent: mot (מוֹת "death" H4193)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
(maweth; thanatos):
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND FIGURATIVE VIEW
The word "Death" is used in the sense of
(1) the process of dying (Ge 21:16);
(2) the period of decease (Ge 27:7);
(3) as a possible synonym for poison (2Ki 4:40);
(4) as descriptive of person in danger of perishing (Jud 15:18; "in deaths oft" 2Co 11:23). In this sense the shadow of death is a familiar expression in Job, the Psalms and the Prophets;
Death
May be simply defined as the termination of life. It is represented under a variety of aspects in Scripture: (1.) “The dust shall return to the earth as it was” (Eccl. 12:7).
(2.) “Thou takest away their breath, they die” (Ps. 104:29).
(3.) It is the dissolution of “our earthly house of this tabernacle” (2 Cor. 5:1); the “putting off this tabernacle” (2 Pet. 1:13, 14).
(4.) Being “unclothed” (2 Cor. 5:3, 4).
(5.) “Falling on sleep” (Ps. 76:5; Jer. 51:39;
Is taken in Scripture, first, for the separation of body and soul, the first death, Ge 25:11; secondly, for alienation from God, and exposure to his wrath, 1Jo 3:14, etc.; thirdly, for the second death, that of eternal damnation. Death was the penalty affixed to Adam’s transgression, Ge 2:17 3:19; and all his posterity are transgressors, and share the curse inflicted upon him. CHRIST is "our life." All believers share his life, spiritually and eternally; and though sin and bodily is taken away, and in the resurrection the last enemy shall be trampled under foot, Ro 5:12-21 1Co 15:1-58.
The Hebrew word שָׁפַת (*shaphath*) is a verb meaning to set, place, or ordain. It is derived from a primitive root and generally conveys the idea of establishing or reducing something. The entries suggest a range of meanings related to placement and establishment, but do not provide specific verse references.
[שָׁפַת] vb. denom. set (on the fire)
base
H8239 שָׁפַת vb. denom. set (on the fire)
8239 shaphath shaw-fath'
a primitive root; to locate, i.e. (generally) hang on or
(figuratively) establish, reduce:--bring, ordain, set on.
שָׁפַת (sha.phat) — to set.
1) to set, place, put, ordain
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to set
1a2) to ordain, establish
HVqi2ms/Sp1bs — Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular · suffixHVqi2ms/Sp1bs