Ezekiel 4:12 — Word Study
WLCוְעֻגַ֥ת שְׂעֹרִ֖ים תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נָּה וְהִ֗יא בְּגֶֽלְלֵי֙ צֵאַ֣ת הָֽאָדָ֔ם תְּעֻגֶ֖נָה לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ ס
BSAAnd you shall eatʼâkal▸ [the food]hûwʼ [as a barley loaf] as you would a barleysᵉʻôrâh cakeʻuggâh [of barley bread] after you bakeʻûwg△▸ [cook on a hearth] it over dried humanʼâdâm excrementgêlel [dung, filth of man] in the sight [of the people]ʻayin [before the eyes, those watching]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְעֻגַ֥ת | and a bread cake of | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct |
| שְׂעֹרִ֖ים | barley | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נָּה | you will eat it | Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular, suffix |
| וְהִ֗יא | and it | Conjunction, pronoun |
| בְּגֶֽלְלֵי֙ | in [the] dung of | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| צֵאַ֣ת | [the] excrement of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| הָֽאָדָ֔ם | humankind | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| תְּעֻגֶ֖נָה | you will bake it | Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular, suffix |
| לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ ס | to eyes their | Preposition, noun common feminine dual construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | And you shall eat the food as you would a barley cake, after you bake it over dried human excrement in the sight of the people.” |
| KJV | And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it with dung that cometh out of man, in their sight. |
| ASV | And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it in their sight with dung that cometh out of man. |
| YLT | A barley-cake thou dost eat it, and it with dung — the filth of man — thou dost bake before their eyes. |
| WEB | You shall eat it as barley cakes, and you shall bake it in their sight with dung that comes out of man.” |
| BBE | And let your food be barley cakes, cooking it before their eyes with the waste which comes out of a man. |
Where they part company is in the details of the preparation method — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main verb, with several phrases detailing the action and its context.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 9 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 4:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Ezekiel's Symbolic Actsgenerated
Ezekiel 4:12 is part of a series of symbolic acts performed by the prophet Ezekiel to illustrate the impending judgment on Israel. In this act, Ezekiel is instructed to eat bread baked in an unclean manner, symbolizing the defiled food the Israelites would eat in exile. This imagery serves to communicate the severity of their situation and the consequences of their disobedience to God.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 18:6 | So Abraham hurried into the tent and said to Sarah, “Quick! Prepare three seahs of fine flour, knead it, and bake some bread.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֻגָה, ve.'u.Gatgenerated
The word עֻגָה (uggah) refers to a round bread cake, often baked on hot stones, and is derived from a root meaning to bake. It describes a common food item in ancient Israel, similar to a flatbread or pancake. In this context, it emphasizes the nature of the food Ezekiel is to consume, highlighting both its simplicity and the unclean method of preparation.
This word appears in the construct form, indicating it is describing a specific type of bread made from barley, which is a staple grain in the region. The use of עֻגָה here serves to underscore the stark reality of the Israelites' situation, as they would be forced to eat such bread in a state of defilement.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'And you shall eat the food as a barley cake.' This is consistent across the KJV, ASV, and WEB, all using similar language to convey the imagery of the bread.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main finite verb is תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נָּה, you will eat it, which governs the sentence. It is followed by a noun phrase describing what is to be eaten and several clauses detailing how it is to be prepared and the context in which it is consumed.
The structure emphasizes the actions and the conditions surrounding the eating of the bread, with the verb leading the sentence and the details following in a series of phrases that build upon the main action.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֻגָה as ἐγκρυφίαν (a type of bread), which aligns with the Hebrew meaning but may carry a slightly different connotation in the Greek context. This choice reflects the translators' understanding of the food's significance and preparation.
The term for excrement is rendered as κόπρου, indicating a direct translation that maintains the original's emphasis on the unclean nature of the preparation.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 4:12 instructs the prophet to eat bread as a barley cake, prepared in an unclean way, before the eyes of the people. This act symbolizes the defiled food that the Israelites would consume during their exile, highlighting their dire situation due to disobedience.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Ezekiel's act symbolizes the defiled food that the Israelites would eat in exile, illustrating their loss of purity and the severity of their punishment.
Barley was a common staple in ancient Israel, representing basic sustenance. Its mention emphasizes the simplicity and humility of the food during a time of judgment.
The act is performed in the sight of the people to demonstrate the seriousness of God's message and to visually communicate the consequences of their actions.
This verse is part of a series of symbolic acts that Ezekiel performs to convey God's judgment on Israel, emphasizing themes of defilement, exile, and the need for repentance.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does this verse reveal about the consequences of disobedience to God?
- How can we understand the symbolism of food in our own lives today?
- In what ways can we be reminded of our spiritual purity in our daily actions?
- How does the public nature of Ezekiel's actions challenge us to consider our witness before others?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 4:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd thou shalt eat it [as] barley cakes,.... That is, the bread made of wheat, barley, beans, lentiles, millet, and fitches, was to be made in the form of barley cakes, and to be baked as they; not
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it with dung that cometh out of man, in their sight. Thou shalt bake it with dung - as fuel; so the Arabs use beasts' dung, wood-fuel being scarce.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAs barley cakes: these were delicacies with them when they could temper and make them right, but now these pitiful things should be to these half-starved bodies as delicates, Or rather, because they were greedy, and could not stay till they were baked. Or, lest any should take it from them. Or, because they never had enough to make a loaf with, they eat them as barley cakes. With dung; there would be no wood left for such necessary uses, nor yet dung of other creatures, they would be all consumed by the length of the siege too. What loathsome food was this! yet in this straitness of the siege they are brought to it. In their sight; openly, that any might see it. From this passage some…
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 4:12 And thou shalt eat it [as] barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it with dung that cometh out of man, in their sight.Ver. 12. And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes.] Baked on coals made of homely fuel, man’ s dung burnt. And thou shalt bake it with dung.] For want of wood. To the hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet. In their sight.] This, then, was more than a vision. Panem exhibuit Papa non ad purum ignem, sed ad oleta Quaestionariorum, Sorbonistarum, et Canonicorum coctum. - Pol.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) As barley cakes.—These were commonly cooked in the hot ashes, hence the especial defilement caused by the fuel required to be used. Against this the prophet pleads, not merely as revolting in itself, but as ceremonially polluting (Ezekiel 4:14; see Leviticus 5:3; Leviticus 7:21), and a mitigation of the requirement is granted to him (Ezekiel 4:15). In their sight—This is still a part of the vision. The words have been thought to determine that the whole transaction was an actual symbolic act and not a vision; but this does not follow. It need only have been a part of the vision that what was done was done publicly.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 4 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 12. Thou shalt bake it with dung] Dried ox and cow dung is a common fuel in the east; and with this, for want of wood and coals, they are obliged to prepare their food. Indeed, dried excrement of every kind is gathered. Here, the prophet is to prepare his bread with dry human excrement. And when we know that this did not come in contact with the bread, and was only used to warm the plate, (see Ezekiel 4:3,) on which the bread was laid over the fire, it removes all the horror and much of the disgust. This was required to show the extreme degree of wretchedness to which they should be exposed; for, not being able to leave the city to collect the dried excrements of beasts, the…
Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. It was customary in the East to use the dung of animals when perfectly dried as fuel. The hot ashes remaining from it are perfectly clean, and retaining their glow for a considerable time were used for firing cakes upon or under. See Wetzstein in Del. Job, p. 261 (Trans. i. p. 377). Whether the Hebrews would have considered such fuel unclean is not certain (cf. Leviticus 5:3; Leviticus 7:21; Deuteronomy 23:13); the material for firing which the prophet is commanded to use would certainly be unclean (Deuteronomy 23:13) as well as loathsome. The command is explained in Ezekiel 4:13.
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleIn eastern countries where fuel is scarce the want is supplied by dried cow-dung laid up for the winter. Barley cakes were (and are) baked under hot ashes without an oven.
Read Albert Barnes on Ezekiel 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
And you shall eat the food as you would a barley cake, after you bake it over dried human excrement in the sight of the people.”
You shall eat it as barley cakes, and you shall bake it in their sight with dung that comes out of man.”
And you shall eat the food as you would a barley cake, after you bake it over dried human excrement in the sight of the people.”
And you must eat the food like you would a barley cake. You must bake it in front of them over a fire made with dried human excrement.”
Tyndale line
And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it with dung that cometh out of man, in their sight.
And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it in their sight with dung that cometh out of man.
And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it in their sight with dung that cometh out of man.
And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it with human excrement in their sight.
And thou shalt eate it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it in the dongue that commeth out of man, in their sight.
Strictly literal
And thou shalt eat it [as] barley-cake, and thou shalt bake it in their sight with dung that cometh out of man.
A barley-cake thou dost eat it, and it with dung — the filth of man — thou dost bake before their eyes.
And you eat it [as] barley-cake, and it with dung—the filth of man—you bake before their eyes.”
And in form of a barley-cake shalt thou eat it, and this shalt thou bake with balls of human excrement before their eyes.
You will eat it as barley cakes, but you will bake it on excrement of human dung within their sight!”
From the Latin
And thou shalt eat it as barley bread baked under the ashes: and thou shalt cover it, in their sight, with the dung that cometh out of a man.
Simplified
You are to eat the bread as you would a barley loaf. You are to bake it over a fire burning dried human excrement as everyone watches.”
And let your food be barley cakes, cooking it before their eyes with the waste which comes out of a man.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text (MT) of Ezekiel 4:12 states, "And you shall eat the food as you would a barley cake, after you bake it over dried human excrement in the sight of the people." The Septuagint (LXX) aligns closely with the MT, matching 8 of the 9 words, although it presents the text with its own word order and articles, which may affect the overall phrasing. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional variants for this verse, so the MT and LXX can be considered in substantial agreement regarding the content of this passage.
וְעֻגַ֥ת שְׂעֹרִ֖ים תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נָּה וְהִ֗יא בְּגֶֽלְלֵי֙ צֵאַ֣ת הָֽאָדָ֔ם תְּעֻגֶ֖נָה לְעֵינֵיהֶֽם׃ ס
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 4:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עֻגָה (uggah) refers to a disc or cake of bread, specifically a type of cake baked on hot stones. It is derived from the root word meaning to bake, and the entries consistently describe it as a round ash-cake or bun.
עֻגָה n.f. disc or cake of bread
base
H5692 עֻגָה disc or cake of bread
5692 `uggah oog-gaw'
from 5746; an ash-cake (as round):--cake (upon the hearth).
see HEBREW for 05746
עֻגָה (ug.gah) — bun.
1) disc or cake (of bread)
1a) cake of hot stones (cake baked on hot stones)
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular constructHC/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שְׂעֹרָה (se'orah) refers to barley, specifically the bearded grain. It can denote both the plant and the grain itself. The word is derived from a root meaning 'roughness,' which relates to the texture of barley. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
שְׂעֹרָה n.f. barley (bearded grain)
base
H8184 שְׂעֹרָה barley (bearded grain)
8184 s`orah seh-o-raw'
or snowrah {seh-o-raw'} (feminine meaning the plant); and
(masculine meaning the grain); also s or {seh-ore'}; or s-owr
{seh-ore'}; from 8175 in the sense of roughness; barley (as
villose):--barley.
see HEBREW for 08175
שְׂעֹרָה (se.o.rah) — barley.
1) barley
1a) barley (of the plant)
1b) barley (of the meal or grain)
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
bar'-li (se`orah):
(1) In the Bible, as in modern times, barley was a characteristic product of Palestine--"a land of wheat and barley, and vines and fig-trees," etc. (De 8:8), the failure of whose crop was a national disaster (Joe 1:11). It was, and is, grown chiefly as provender for horses and asses (1Ki 4:28), oats being practically unknown, but it was, as it now is, to some extent, the food of the poor in country districts (Ru 2:17; 2Ki 4:42; Joh 6:9,13). Probably this is the meaning of the dream of the Midianite concerning Gideon: "Behold, I dreamed a dream; and, lo…
Barley
A grain much cultivated in Egypt (Ex. 9:31) and in Palestine (Lev. 27:16; Deut. 8:8). It was usually the food of horses (1 Kings 4:28). Barley bread was used by the poorer people (Judg. 7:13; 2 Kings 4:42). Barley of the first crop was ready for the harvest by the time of the Passover, in the middle of April (Ruth 1:22; 2 Sam. 21:9). Mention is made of barley-meal (Num. 5:15). Our Lord fed five thousand…
is one of the most important of the cereal grains, and the most hardy of them all. It was grown by the Hebrews, (Leviticus 27:16; 8:8; Ruth 2:17) etc., who used it for baking into bread chiefly among the poor, (Judges 7:13; 2 Kings 4:42; John 6:9,13) and as fodder for horses. (1 Kings 4:28) The barley harvest, (Ruth 1:22; 2:23; 2 Samuel 21:9;10) takes place in Palestine in March and April, and in the hilly district as late as May. It always precedes the wheat…
אָכַל (akal) means 'to eat' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including literal consumption by humans and animals, as well as figurative uses like devouring by fire or destruction. It can describe actions such as feeding or causing to eat, and it also appears in contexts of oppression and destruction. The verb has various forms, indicating different subjects and nuances.
אָכַל 806 vb. eat
Qal
eat, human subject
of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
fig. of fire, devour, consume
of sword, devour, slay
in genl., devour, consume, destroy
fig. of oppression, devour the poor
Niph.
be eaten by man
be devoured by fire, consumed
be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
Pu. be consumed
Hiph.
cause to eat, feed with
cause to devoure, obj. sword
base
H398 אָכַל eat .. eat, human subject
. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour
. fig. of fire, devour, consume
. of sword, devour, slay
. in genl., devour, consume, destroy
. fig. of oppression, devour the poor
. . be eaten by man
. be devoured by fire, consumed
. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh
. be consumed
. . cause to eat, feed with
. cause to devoure, obj. sword
398 'akal aw-kal'
a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at
all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up),
feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay)
meat, X quite.
אָכַל (a.khal) — to eat.
1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to eat (human subject)
1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)
1a3) to devour, consume (of fire)
1a4) to devour, slay (of sword)
1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought)
1a6) to devour (of oppression)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be eaten (by men)
1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire)
1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to cause to eat, feed with
1c2) to cause to devour
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to feed
1d2) to cause to eat
1e) (Piel)
1e1) consume
Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms | Suff — Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular · suffixHVqi2ms/Sp3fs
הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.
הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it
an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
It resumes the subj. with emph.
Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
As an emph. predicate, of God
In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
base
H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
. It resumes the subj. with emph.
. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
. As an emph. predicate, of God
. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
1931 huw' hoo
of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a
primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or
it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also
(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;
sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally
(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),
it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,
this, those, which (is), who.
הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.
pron 3p s
1) he, she, it
1a) himself (with emphasis)
1b) resuming subj with emphasis
1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)
1d) (anticipating subj)
1e) (emphasising predicate)
1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron
2) that (with article)
Conj | Pron — Conjunction · pronounHC/Pp3fs
גֵּל (gelel) refers to dung, specifically in the form of balls of dung. It is a variation of another Hebrew word related to dung and is classified as a masculine noun. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning without significant disagreement.
[גֵּל] n.[m.] dung (ball of dung)
base
H1561 גֵּל, גֵּלֶל
1561 gelel gay'-lel
a variation of 1557; dung (plural balls of dung):--dung.
see HEBREW for 01557
גֵּל (ge.lel) — dung.
dung, ball of dung
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural constructHR/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
[צֵאָה] n.f. filth, specif. human excrement
base
H6627 [צֵאָה] filth, specif. human excrement
6627 tsa'ah tsaw-aw'
from 3318; issue, i.e. (human) excrement:--that (which)
cometh from (out).
see HEBREW for 03318
צֵאָה (tsa.ah) — excrement.
filth, human excrement, excrement, faeces
HNcfsc — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אָדָם (adam) refers to 'man' or 'mankind,' encompassing both individual humans and the species as a whole. It is also the name of the first man in the Bible, Adam, who is mentioned in various verses, including Genesis 2:19. The term can denote a city in the Jordan valley as well. The entries indicate a range of meanings, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
אָדָם 560 n.m. Gn 1:27 man, mankind
a man = human being
coll. man, mankind
n.pr.m. Adam, first man (without art.)
n.pr.loc. city in Jordan valley (as built?)
base
H120 אָדָם man, mankind . a man = human being
. coll. man, mankind
120 'adam aw-dawm'
from 119; ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the
species, mankind, etc.):--X another, + hypocrite, + common
sort, X low, man (mean, of low degree), person.
see HEBREW for 0119
אָדָם (a.dam) — man.
1) man, mankind
1a) man, human being
1b) man, mankind (much more frequently intended sense in OT)
1c) Adam, first man
1d) city in Jordan valley
אָדָם (a.dam) — the man (Adam).
The first named man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.2.19;
married to Eve (H2332);
father of: Cain (H7014B), Abel (H1893) and Seth (H8352); also translated "man" at Gen.2.19,21,23; 3.8,9,20; 5.2; "mankind" at Deu.32.8; "others" at Job.31.33;
Another spelling of a.dam (אָדָם "Adam" H0121)
man, human being
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
עוּג (ug) is a verb meaning 'to bake,' specifically referring to the action of baking round cakes. It is derived from the root meaning to gyrate, but is used only in the context of baking, as noted in Ezekiel 4:12. The entries consistently focus on this baking aspect without significant disagreement.
[עוּג] vb. denom. bake;—Qal Ez 4:12.
ref
H5746 עוּג vb. denom. bake
5746 `uwg oog
a primitive root; properly, to gyrate; but used only as a
denominative from 5692, to bake (round cakes on the
hearth):--bake.
see HEBREW for 05692
עוּג (ug) — to bake.
(Qal) to bake, bake a cake
V-Qal-Imperf-2ms | Suff — Verb qal imperfect second person masculine singular · suffixHVqi2ms/Sp3fs
The Hebrew word עַ֫יִן (*'ayin*) means 'eye' and can refer to both the physical organ and its figurative uses, such as mental qualities and desires. It also denotes a 'spring' or 'fountain' of water. The entries highlight various phrases and contexts, including appearances and expressions of emotion, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עַ֫יִן 859 n.f. eye
lit. as physical organ
eyes as showing mental qualities
desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
Transferred mngs.:
visible surface of earth
appearance
gleam, sparkle
Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
base
עַ֫יִן n.f. spring (of water). Particular springs are:
ע׳ חֲרֹר Ju 7:1
ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Ju 15:19
ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus.
ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragon-spring)
base
H5869a עַ֫יִן eye . lit. as physical organ
. . eyes as showing mental qualities
. desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
. Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
. Transferred mngs.: . visible surface of earth
. appearance
. gleam, sparkle
. Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
H5869b עַ֫יִן spring (of water)
5869 `ayin ah'-yin
probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or
figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the
landscape):--affliction, outward appearance, + before, +
think best, colour, conceit, + be content, countenance, +
displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, + favour,
fountain, furrow (from the margin), X him, + humble,
knowledge, look, (+ well), X me, open(-ly), + (not) please,
presence, + regard, resemblance, sight, X thee, X them, +
think, X us, well, X you(-rselves).
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.
: eye
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain (Gate).
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain of.
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: seeing.
: seeing
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: appearance.
: appearance
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: before(the eyes).
: before(the_eyes)
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: sin.
: sin
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
Prep | N-cd | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine dual construct · suffixHR/Ncfdc/Sp3mp