Genesis 10:30 — Word Study
WLCוַֽיְהִ֥י מוֹשָׁבָ֖ם מִמֵּשָׁ֑א בֹּאֲכָ֥ה סְפָ֖רָה הַ֥ר הַקֶּֽדֶם׃
BSATheir territorymôwshâb [dwelling, country, land] extended frombôwʼ MeshaMêshâʼ△ [a place of freedom] to SepharÇᵉphâr△ [a region in southern Arabia] in the easternqedem [front, toward the rising sun] hill countryhar [mountain, high land]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַֽיְהִ֥י | and it was | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| מוֹשָׁבָ֖ם | dwelling place their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| מִמֵּשָׁ֑א | from Mesha | Preposition, noun proper |
| בֹּאֲכָ֥ה | going you | Verb qal infinitive construct common, suffix |
| סְפָ֖רָה | Sephar towards | Noun proper, suffix |
| הַ֥ר | [the] hill country of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| הַקֶּֽדֶם׃ | the east | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Their territory extended from Mesha to Sephar, in the eastern hill country. |
| KJV | And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the east. |
| ASV | And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest toward Sephar, the mountain of the east. |
| YLT | and their dwelling is from Mesha, [in] thy coming towards Sephar, a mount of the east. |
| WEB | Their dwelling extended from Mesha, as you go toward Sephar, the mountain of the east. |
| BBE | And their country was from Mesha, in the direction of Sephar, the mountain of the east. |
Where they part company is מוֹשָׁבָ֖ם — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause presents the subject and verb, with two prepositional phrases indicating the extent of the territory, followed by an adverbial phrase describing its location.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 7 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 10:30
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Noahgenerated
Genesis 10:30 details the territory of the sons of Joktan, highlighting their geographical boundaries from Mesha to Sephar, located in the eastern hill country. This passage emphasizes the spread of nations after the flood, as seen in the genealogical structure of the chapter, which connects to the broader narrative of humanity's divisions and settlements.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Numbers 23:7 | And Balaam lifted up an oracle, saying: “Balak brought me from Aram, the king of Moab from the mountains of the east. ‘Come,’ he said, ‘put a curse on Jacob for me; come and denounce Israel!’ |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מוֹשָׁבָ֖ם, mo.sha.Vamgenerated
The word מוֹשָׁב (mowshab) is a noun that refers to a dwelling place or seat. It encompasses meanings such as assembly, location, and the act of dwelling. In this verse, it indicates the territory or the place where the Joktanites settled, emphasizing their community and geographical identity.
The construct form with the suffix indicates possession, showing that this is 'their dwelling place.' The word suggests not just a physical location but also a sense of communal identity among the Joktanites.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is וַֽיְהִ֥י, and it was, which governs the entire clause. The structure emphasizes the geographical boundaries of the Joktanites' territory, with prepositional phrases elaborating on the locations involved.
The noun phrases following the verb provide clarity on the extent of their territory, with מִמֵּשָׁ֑א and סְפָ֖רָה identifying the starting and ending points, respectively. The arrangement reflects the Hebrew narrative style, presenting information in a flowing manner.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מוֹשָׁבָ֖ם with κατοικία — dwelling — which aligns with the Hebrew meaning but emphasizes the idea of residence rather than mere territory. This choice reflects a broader understanding of the Joktanites' settlement.
The Greek rendering of the other terms maintains the geographical context, showing consistency with the Hebrew text while adapting to the Greek-speaking audience's understanding.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 10:30 tells us about the territory of the Joktanites, which extended from Mesha to Sephar, located in the eastern hill country. This verse highlights the geographical boundaries of their settlement after the flood, connecting to the larger narrative of the descendants of Noah.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies the geographical area where the descendants of Joktan settled, marking their identity and community in the post-flood world.
Mesha and Sephar are significant as they define the boundaries of the Joktanites' territory, indicating their settlement locations in Arabia.
This verse fits within the genealogical structure of Genesis, illustrating the divisions of nations and the spread of humanity after the flood.
We can learn about the historical and geographical context of the Joktanites, as well as the broader narrative of human settlement and division in the Old Testament.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the description of the Joktanites' territory teach us about community and identity?
- How do geographical boundaries influence our understanding of ancient peoples?
- In what ways do the settlements of the Joktanites reflect the aftermath of the flood?
- How can we apply the concept of territory and dwelling to our understanding of community today?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 10:30 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Zephar, a mount of the east.
Read John Gill on Genesis 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the east.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThese places were either, 1. In India, where there are places called by Ptolemy and Pliny, Maesae, and Saparum, and Sabara. Or rather, 2. In Arabia, where there was a noted port called Musa; and near it, and eastward from it, a people called Sapharitae, and a royal city called Saphar; from whence this famous and long mountain doth here receive its name. If it be said Arabia is not east but south from Judea, it may be answered, 1. That Arabia, as it is not east in respect of Egypt, where the Jews long dwelt, and part of it is so to Judea also; so it is not seldom in Scripture reckoned as a part of the east country, as appears from ,18 Jude 6:3 . And Tacitus describing Judea, saith: It is…
Read Matthew Poole on Genesis 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(26-31) Joktan.—“The little one,” as being a younger son. Of the thirteen divisions of his family, few are of any importance, though several of the names are curious from their connection with the Arabic language. The Joktanite country was Arabia Felix, or Yemen, and as the people led a pastoral life without founding cities, the traces of their tribal names are insignificant. Those worth noting are Almodad, because it has the full form of the article, retained as Al in Arabic, but shortened in Hebrew into Ha. Hazarmaveth, “the court of death,” so called because of the unhealthiness of its climate, is now Hadramaut. Abimael means “the father of Mael.” While in Hebrew and Syriac men took the…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Genesis 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges30. Mesha] Dillmann conjectures “Massa” (Genesis 25:14), a north Arabian tribe. This is not improbable, if this verse delimits the geographical borders of “the sons of Joktan.” Sephar] Probably the same as Daphar, a town on the south coast of Arabia. the mountain of the east] Better, as marg., the hill country. Probably the famous frankincense mountain in south Arabia, with Daphar as its furthest point, was reputed the southern limit of “the sons of Joktan.”
Read Cambridge on Genesis 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible30. Their dwelling was from Mesha — In this verse are given the boundaries of the Joktanite Arabs, probably as they existed in the time of Abraham. But it is now impossible to follow them with any degree of certainty.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Their territory extended from Mesha to Sephar, in the eastern hill country.
Their dwelling extended from Mesha, as you go toward Sephar, the mountain of the east.
Their territory extended from Mesha to Sephar, in the eastern hill country.
Their dwelling place was from Mesha all the way to Sephar in the eastern hills.
Tyndale line
And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the east.
And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest toward Sephar, the mountain of the east.
And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest toward Sephar, the mountain of the east.
And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest to Sephar, a mount of the east.
And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest vnto Sephar a mount of the East.
Strictly literal
And their dwelling was from Mesha, as one goes to Sephar, the eastern mountain.
and their dwelling is from Mesha, [in] thy coming towards Sephar, a mount of the east.
and their dwelling is from Mesha, [in] your coming toward Sephar, a mountain of the east.
And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar, the mount of the east.
Their territory was from Mesha, all the way to Sephar, the mountain of the east.
From the Latin
And their dwelling was from Messa as we go on as far as Sephar, a mountain in the east.
Simplified
They lived in the land lying between Mesha to Sephar, in the hill country to the east.
And their country was from Mesha, in the direction of Sephar, the mountain of the east.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states, "וַֽיְהִ֥י מוֹשָׁבָ֖ם מִמֵּשָׁ֑א בֹּאֲכָ֥ה סְפָ֖רָה הַ֥ר הַקֶּֽדֶם׃" The Samaritan Pentateuch agrees with the Masoretic Text word for word, confirming the same wording and meaning. The Septuagint, while not providing a direct translation, matches six of the seven words in the Masoretic Text, indicating a close relationship, although the specific wording and structure differ in its Greek translation. Overall, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the Masoretic Text align perfectly, while the Septuagint shows significant agreement but with some variation in expression.
וַֽיְהִ֥י מוֹשָׁבָ֖ם מִמֵּשָׁ֑א בֹּאֲכָ֥ה סְפָ֖רָה הַ֥ר הַקֶּֽדֶם׃
6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ויהי מושׁבם ממשׁא באכה ספרה הר הקדם
Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 10:30
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Hc/Vqw3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
מוֹשָׁב (mowshab) refers to a seat or dwelling-place, encompassing meanings such as assembly, location, and the act of dwelling. It can denote both a physical site and an abstract concept of a session or time of dwelling. The word suggests a community of dwellers or those who sit together.
מוֹשָׁב n.m. seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers
seat
sitting = those sitting, sitting company or assembly
dwelling-place of people, tribe, etc.
alm. = abstr. dwelling
= house
situation of city; location of image
time of dwelling
coll. = those dwelling
base
H4186 מוֹשָׁב seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers . . seat
. sitting = those sitting, sitting company or assembly
. . dwelling-place of people, tribe, etc.
. alm. = abstr. dwelling
. = house
. situation of city; location of image
. time of dwelling
. coll. = those dwelling
4186 mowshab mo-shawb'
or moshab {mo-shawb'}; from 3427; a seat; figuratively, a
site; abstractly, a session; by extension an abode (the place
or the time); by implication, population:--assembly, dwell
in, dwelling(-place), wherein (that) dwelt (in), inhabited
place, seat, sitting, situation, sojourning.
see HEBREW for 03427
מוֹשָׁב (mo.shav) — seat.
1) seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers
1a) seat, sitting, those sitting, sitting company or assembly
1b) dwelling place, dwelling
1c) situation, location
1d) time of dwelling
1e) those dwelling, dweller
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
מֵשָׁא (Mesha') refers to a location associated with the Joktanites, marking a boundary in their territory as they settled in Arabia. The term is derived from foreign origins and is noted in Genesis 10:30. Some sources suggest it means 'freedom,' but its primary identification is as a geographical region.
מֵשָׁא n.pr.loc. limiting territory of Jokṭanites, Gn 10:30
ref
H4852 מֵשָׁא limiting territory of Jokṭanites
4852 Mesha' may-shaw'
of foreign derivation; Mesha, a place in Arabia:--Mesha.
מֵשָׁא (me.sah) — Mesha.
§ Mesha = "freedom"
a region marking one of the limits of the territory of the Joktanites when they first settled in Arabia
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
me'-sha:
(1) (mesha`; Codex Vaticanus, Marisa; Codex Alexandrinus, Marisas): Caleb's firstborn son, the father of Ziph, probably the ancestor of the Ziphites (1Ch 2:42).
(2) (mesha'; Codex Vaticanus, Misa; Codex Alexandrinus, Mosa): A Benjamite, son of Shaharaim by his wife Hodesh, born in the land of Moab (1Ch 8:9).
(3) (mesha`; Mosa): A king of Moab. All the Biblical information regarding this monarch is contained in 2Ki 3. Here we gather that Mesha was contemporary with Ahab, Ahaziah and Jehoram. He was tributary to Israel, his annual contribution consisting of 100,000 lambs and 100,000 rams. after the death of Ahab he asserted his independence. Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, and the king of Edom joined forces with Jehoram in an attempt to quell the rebellion at the instance of…
Mesha
Middle district, Vulgate, Messa. (1.) A plain in that part of the boundaries of Arabia inhabited by the descendants of Joktan (Gen. 10:30).
(2.) Heb. meysh’a, “deliverance,” the eldest son of Caleb (1 Chr. 2:42), and brother of Jerahmeel.
(3.) Heb. id, a king of Moab, the son of Chemosh-Gad, a man of great wealth in flocks and herds (2 Kings 3:4). After the death of Ahab at Ramoth-Gilead, Mesha shook off the yoke of Israel; but on the ascension of Jehoram to the throne of Israel, that king sought the help of Jehoshaphat in an attempt to reduce the Moabites again to their former condition. The united armies of the two kings came unexpectedly on the army of the Moabites, and gained over them an easy victory. The whole…
(freedom). The name of one of the geographical limits of the Joktanites when they first settled in Arabia. (Genesis 10:30) The king of Moab who was tributary to Ahab, (2 Kings 3:4) but when Ahab fell at Ramoth-gilead, Mesha refused to pay tribute to his successor, Jehoram. When Jehoram succeeded to the throne of Israel, one of his first acts was to secure the assistance of Jehoshaphat, his father’s ally, in reducing the Moabites to their former condition of tributaries. The Moabites were defeated, and the king took refuge in his last stronghold, and defended himself with the energy of despair. With 700 fighting men he made a vigorous attempt to cut his way through the beleaguering army, and when beaten back, he withdrew to the wall of his city, and there, in sight of the allied…
1. A place on the eastern frontier of the territory of Joktan, Ge 10:30, supposed to have been in the region of Bassora, at the northwest end of the Persian Gulf.
2. A king of Moab, who paid an enormous tribute to Ahab king of Israel, but revolted at his death, 2Ki 1:1; 3:4-27. Joram the son of Ahab, with the aid of Judah and Edom, made war upon him, and besieged him in his capital. Unable to force his way through the besieging host, King Mesha sought the aid of his gods by sacrificing his own son on the city wall; and the besiegers, horrorstruck at this atrocious act, withdrew in terror, lest some curse should fall on them.
בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.
בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go
Qal
come in
come (approach, arrive)
go, i.e. walk, associate with
go from speaker, but with limit of motion given
Hiph.
cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)
cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)
Hoph.
be brought in (of pers. and things)
be brought
be introduced, put
base
H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in
. come (approach, arrive)
. go, i.e. walk, associate with
. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given
. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)
. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)
. . be brought in (of pers. and things)
. be brought
. be introduced, put
935 bow' bo
a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of
applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +
besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X
certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,
upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,
(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be
fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),
grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,
pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken
(in age), X surely, take (in), way.
בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.
: come/go_in
1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to enter, come in
1a2) to come
1a2a) to come with
1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)
1a2c) to come to pass
1a3) to attain to
1a4) to be enumerated
1a5) to go
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to lead in
1b2) to carry in
1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon
1b4) to bring to pass
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be brought, brought in
1c2) to be introduced, be put
לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).
This name means to go in, enter
Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)
בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.
: towards/entrance
1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to enter, come in
1a2) to come
1a2a) to come with
1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)
1a2c) to come to pass
1a3) to attain to
1a4) to be enumerated
V-Qal-Inf-a | Suff — Verb qal infinitive construct common · suffixHVqcc/Sp2ms
סְפָר (sephar) refers to a location in southern Arabia, specifically noted in Genesis 10:30. The term is associated with the idea of 'numbering' and is linked to a similar word, סָפַר (safar). The entries consistently identify it as a proper noun without significant disagreement.
[סְפָר] n.pr.loc. in S. Arabia;—only Gn 10:30
ref
H5611 סְפָר in S. Arabia
5611 Cphar sef-awr'
the same as 5610; Sephar, a place in Arabia:--Sephar.
see HEBREW for 05610
סְפָר (se.phar) — Sephar.
§ Sephar = "a numbering"
a place in southern Arabia
N-proper | Suff — Noun proper · suffixHNpl/Sd
הַר (har) means 'mountain' or 'hill,' and can refer to a range of hills or hill-country. It is derived from a root that suggests elevation and can be used figuratively. The entries consistently highlight its geographical connotations without significant disagreement.
הַר 568 n.m. mountain, hill, hill-country
mountain, hill
hill-country, mountain-region
base
H2022 הַר mountain, hill, hill-country
2022 har har
a shortened form of 2042; a mountain or range of hills
(sometimes used figuratively):--hill (country), mount(-ain), X
promotion.
see HEBREW for 02042
הַר (har) — mountain: mount.
: mount/hill
hill, mountain, hill country, mount
הַר (har) — mountain: hill country.
: hill_country
hill, mountain, hill country, mount
A sub-meaning of har (הַר ": mount" H2022)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word קֶ֫דֶם (*qedem*) means 'east' and also refers to 'front' or 'ancient time.' It is derived from another root and can indicate direction (eastward) or time (aforetime, antiquity). The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including geographical and temporal references, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.
קֶ֫דֶם n.[m.] front, east, aforetime
loc.
front
East; elsewh. מִקּ׳ = eastward
temp., ancient time, aforetime:
הַרְרֵי ק׳ Dt 33:15 ancient mts.
בִּימֵי ק׳ ψ 44:2 in ancient days
מִקּ׳ from of old
ק׳ alone, as adv. anciently, of old
beginning
base
[קֵ֫דֶם], קֵ֫דְמָה adv. eastward, to, toward the E.
base
H6924a קֶ֫דֶם front, east, aforetime . loc. . front
. East
. temp. ancient time, aforetime
H6924b קֵ֫דֶם, קֵ֫דְמָה eastward, to, toward the E.
6924 qedem keh'-dem
or qedmah {kayd'-maw}; from 6923; the front, of place
(absolutely, the fore part, relatively the East) or time
(antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently,
eastward):--aforetime, ancient (time), before, east (end,
part, side, -ward), eternal, X ever(-lasting), forward, old,
past. Compare 6926.
see HEBREW for 06923
see HEBREW for 06926
קֶ֫דֶם (qe.dem) — East.
This name means east, antiquity, front
קֵ֫דֶם (qe.dem) — east.
adv
eastward, to or toward the East
Another spelling of qe.dem (קֶ֫דֶם ": east" H6924)
קֶ֫דֶם (qe.dem) — front: east.
: east
1) east, antiquity, front, that which is before, aforetime
1a) front, from the front or east, in front, mount of the East
1b) ancient time, aforetime, ancient, from of old, earliest time
1c) anciently, of old (adverb)
1d) beginning
1e) east
קֶ֫דֶם (qe.dem) — front: old.
: old/ancient
1) east, antiquity, front, that which is before, aforetime
1a) front, from the front or east, in front, mount of the East
1b) ancient time, aforetime, ancient, from of old, earliest time
1c) anciently, of old (adverb)
1d) beginning
1e) east
קֶ֫דֶם (qe.dem) — front: forward.
: forward
1) east, antiquity, front, that which is before, aforetime
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
East
(1.) The orient (mizrah); the rising of the sun. Thus “the east country” is the country lying to the east of Syria, the Elymais (Zech. 8:7).
(2). Properly what is in front of one, or a country that is before or in front of another; the rendering of the word kedem. In pointing out the quarters, a Hebrew always looked with his face toward the east. The word kedem is used when the four quarters of the world are described (Gen. 13:14; 28:14); and mizrah when the east only is distinguished from the west (Josh. 11:3; Ps. 50:1; 103:12, etc.). In Gen. 25:6 “eastward” is literally “unto the land of kedem;” i.e., the lands…
The Hebrew term kedem properly means that which is before or in front of a person, and was applied to the east form the custom of turning in that direction when describing the points of the compass, before, behind, the right and the left representing respectively east, west, south and north. (Job 23:8,9) The term as generally used refers to the lands lying immediately eastward of Palestine, viz., Arabia, Mesopotamia and Babylonia; on the other hand mizrach is used of the far east with a less definite signification. (Isaiah 42:2,25; 43:5; 46:11)
The Hebrews, in speaking of the different quarters of the heaven, always suppose the face to be turned towards the east. Hence "before," or "forwards," means the east; "behind" is the west; the right-hand is south, and the left hand, north. Besides the ordinary meanings of the word east, Jos 4:19; Ps 103:12, the Jews often used it to designate a large region lying northeast and southeast of Palestine, including Syria and Arabia near at hand, and Babylonia, Assyria, Armenia, etc., with the whole region from the Caspian sea to the Arabian gulf, Ge 29:1; Nu 23:7; Jud 6:3; 7:12; 8:10. The wise men who visited the infant…