Isaiah 1:14 — Word Study
WLCחָדְשֵׁיכֶ֤ם וּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם֙ שָׂנְאָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֔י הָי֥וּ עָלַ֖י לָטֹ֑רַח נִלְאֵ֖יתִי נְשֹֽׂא׃
BSAInephesh hatesânêʼ■ [detest, intensely dislike] your New Moonschôdesh [lunar cycles, celebrations of each new moon] and your appointed feastsmôwʻêd [sacred seasons, festivals] They have becomehâyâh■ [been, come to be] a burdenṭôrach [trouble, weight] to Meʻal I am wearylâʼâh■ [tired, disgusted] of bearing themnâsâʼ [lifting, carrying]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֤ם | new moons your | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם֙ | and appointed feasts your | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| שָׂנְאָ֣ה | it hates | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| נַפְשִׁ֔י | self my | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| הָי֥וּ | they have become | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| עָלַ֖י | on me | Preposition, suffix |
| לָטֹ֑רַח | a burden | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| נִלְאֵ֖יתִי | I am weary | Verb, Niphal, perfect first person common singular |
| נְשֹֽׂא׃ | to bear [them] | Verb, Qal, infinitive construct common |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | I hate your New Moons and your appointed feasts. They have become a burden to Me; I am weary of bearing them. |
| KJV | Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them. |
| ASV | Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth; they are a trouble unto me; I am weary of bearing them. |
| YLT | Your new moons and your set seasons hath My soul hated, They have been upon me for a burden, I have been weary of bearing. |
| WEB | My soul hates your New Moons and your appointed feasts. They are a burden to me. I am weary of bearing them. |
| BBE | Your new moons and your regular feasts are a grief to my soul: they are a weight in my spirit; I am crushed under them. |
The translations agree on the meaning of שָׂנְאָ֣ה as 'hate'.
The main clause expresses God's hatred, followed by two subordinate clauses that explain the consequences of that hatred.






7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׂנֵא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 1:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Rejection of Empty Ritualsgenerated
Isaiah 1:14 reveals God's strong feelings against the empty rituals of the Israelites. He is not pleased with their New Moons and appointed feasts, which have turned into mere burdens rather than meaningful acts of worship. This passage is part of a larger message where God calls His people to genuine repentance and a return to authentic worship, as seen in the surrounding verses, particularly Isaiah 1:13 and Isaiah 1:15.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 61:8 | For I, the LORD, love justice; I hate robbery and iniquity; in My faithfulness I will give them their recompense and make an everlasting covenant with them. |
| 2 | Amos 5:21 | “I hate, I despise your feasts! I cannot stand the stench of your solemn assemblies. |
| 3 | Isaiah 43:24 | You have not bought Me sweet cane with your silver, nor satisfied Me with the fat of your sacrifices. But you have burdened Me with your sins; you have wearied Me with your iniquities. |
| 4 | Amos 2:13 | Behold, I am about to crush you in your place as with a cart full of grain. |
| 5 | Zechariah 11:8 | And in one month I dismissed three shepherds. My soul grew impatient with the flock, and their souls also detested me. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׂנְאָ֣ה, sa.ne.'Ahgenerated
The verb שָׂנְאָ֣ה (sane') means 'to hate' and conveys a strong sense of aversion or intense dislike. It is used here in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action of hatred. This reflects God's ongoing rejection of the rituals that do not stem from genuine devotion.
The use of this word emphasizes the severity of God's feelings towards the empty practices of His people, indicating that their actions are not merely displeasing but are fundamentally opposed to His nature and intentions.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we reference the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), which uses the word hate for שָׂנְאָ֣ה.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is שָׂנְאָ֣ה, it hates, which governs the overall sentiment expressed. The structure follows a straightforward pattern: the subject (God) expresses His feelings towards the objects (the rituals) through the verb.
The sentence is constructed with a series of noun phrases that detail what God hates, followed by a clause describing the state of those rituals, emphasizing the burdensome nature of these practices on God.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שָׂנְאָ֣ה as μισεῖ (misei), which also means 'to hate.' This choice reflects a direct alignment with the Hebrew meaning, reinforcing the intensity of God's rejection of the rituals.
The Greek term carries a similar weight of aversion, suggesting that the translators understood the depth of God's displeasure as expressed in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 1:14 shows that God hates the rituals of the New Moons and appointed feasts because they have become burdensome to Him. He expresses weariness over having to bear these empty practices, calling His people to a more genuine form of worship.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
God is expressing His rejection of rituals that are performed without true devotion and sincerity, indicating that these practices have become meaningless to Him.
The rituals have turned into a burden rather than a source of joy or worship, leading God to feel tired and disgusted by their insincerity.
This verse serves as a reminder to ensure that worship is genuine and heartfelt, rather than merely following traditions or rituals without understanding their significance.
A burden in worship refers to practices that feel heavy or obligatory rather than joyful and meaningful, indicating a disconnect between the worshiper and God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways might my own worship practices have become routine or burdensome?
- How can I ensure that my expressions of faith are sincere and not just rituals?
- What steps can I take to deepen my understanding of the significance behind my worship?
- How does this passage challenge me to reflect on my relationship with God?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers referenced this verse to discuss the nature of worship and God's expectations, highlighting the importance of sincerity in worship practices.
Fear and patience, then, are helpers of our faith; and long-suffering and continence are things which fight on our side. While these remain pure in what respects the Lord, Wisdom, Understanding, Science,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 1 →
Through this arises the question for us, what sabbath God willed us to keep? For the Scriptures point to an eternal sabbath and a temporal sabbath.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 1 →
God has here expressed an aversion to certain sabbaths. By calling them “your sabbaths” he means that the sabbaths he rejects are humanity’s, and not his.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 1 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 1:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleYour new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth,.... The Targum is, "my Word abhorreth;'' the Messiah, the essential Word. These are the same as before.
Read John Gill on Isaiah 1 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryYour new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them. Your appointed feasts - the Sabbath, Passover, Pentecost, Day of Atonement, and Feast of Tabernacles.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 1 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 1:14 Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear [them].Ver. 14. Your new moons.] These were commanded to be kept, to mind them of God’ s governing of all things, as from whom come all alterations and changes, and so to teach them to rely on his providence at all times and turns. This they thought not on, and are therefore turned off with contempt. Your appointed feasts.] Or rather your set meetings, whether for feasts or fasts. My soul hateth.] Not all his senses only were offended, but his very soul also, which is an emphatic speech, and an argument of his hearty detestation. Hypocrisy is hateful to men, much more to the…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 1 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(14) Your new moons and your appointed feasts.—The latter word included the sabbaths (Leviticus 23:3). The words add nothing to what had been said before, but they come with all the emphasis of iteration. My soul.—The words are in one sense anthropomorphic. With man the “soul” expresses the full intensity of life and consciousness, and so, in the language of the prophets, it does with God.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 1 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14. appointed feasts] the stated festivals dependent on the season of the year; see Genesis 1:14. trouble is literally burden.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 1 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleYour appointed feasts - That is, your assemblies convened on regular set times - מועד mô‛êd, from יעד yâ‛ad, to fix, to appoint. Hengstenberg (Chris. iii. p.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 1 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible14, 15. My soul hateth — The “soul” is the seat of emotions, affections, etc. God’s hatred, or anger, however, is different from men’s, in that it means an ethical intention to punish. Romans 1:18.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
I hate your New Moons and your appointed feasts. They have become a burden to Me; I am weary of bearing them.
My soul hates your New Moons and your appointed feasts. They are a burden to me. I am weary of bearing them.
I hate your New Moons and your appointed feasts. They have become a burden to Me; I am weary of bearing them.
I hate your new moon festivals and assemblies; they are a burden that I am tired of carrying.
Tyndale line
Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them.
Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth; they are a trouble unto me; I am weary of bearing them.
Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them.
Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble to me; I am weary to bear them .
My soule hateth your newe moones and your appointed feastes: they are a burden vnto me: I am weary to beare them.
Strictly literal
Your new moons and your set feasts my soul hateth: they are a burden to me; I am wearied of bearing [them].
Your new moons and your set seasons hath My soul hated, They have been upon me for a burden, I have been weary of bearing.
My soul has hated your new moons and your set seasons, || They have been on Me for a burden, || I have been weary of bearing.
Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth; they are become a burden unto me; I am weary to bear them,
I hate your new moons and your appointed feasts; they are a burden to me; I am tired of enduring them.
From the Latin
My soul hateth your new moons, and your solemnities: they are become troublesome to me, I am weary of bearing them.
Simplified
I detest your new moon and yearly festivals with my whole being! They've become just a burden to me—I can't bear them anymore!
Your new moons and your regular feasts are a grief to my soul: they are a weight in my spirit; I am crushed under them.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with all nine words matched in the Hebrew and Greek versions. The Dead Sea Scrolls also support the Masoretic Text, with minor variations in the restoration of words, but the core message remains consistent across these witnesses.
חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֤ם וּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם֙ שָׂנְאָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֔י הָי֥וּ עָלַ֖י לָטֹ֑רַח נִלְאֵ֖יתִי נְשֹֽׂא׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
חודשי׳כם ומועדי׳כם שנאה נפש׳י היו על׳י לטרח נלאיתי נשוא
9 words on the leather.
[חדשי׳כם] [ומועדי׳כם] שנאה נפש׳י [היו] [על׳י] [לטרח] [נלאיתי] [נשא]
2 words on the leather — 7 supplied entire by an editor.
[חדשי׳כם] [ומועדי׳כם] [שנאה] נפש׳י [היו] [על׳י] [לטרח] [נלאיתי] [נשא]
nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 8 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 1:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חֹ֫דֶשׁ (chodesh) refers to the concept of newness, specifically the new moon and the month. It denotes both the lunar month and the first day of that month. The entries consistently emphasize its connection to timekeeping in the Hebrew calendar.
חֹ֫דֶשׁ 282 n.m. (newness), new moon, month
base
H2320 חֹ֫דֶשׁ (newness), new moon, month
2320 chodesh kho'-desh
from 2318; the new moon; by implication, a
month:--month(-ly), new moon.
see HEBREW for 02318
חֹ֫דֶשׁ (cho.desh) — month.
: month
1) the new moon, month, monthly
1a) the first day of the month
1b) the lunar month
חֹ֫דֶשׁ (cho.desh) — month: new moon.
: new_moon
1) the new moon, month, monthly
1a) the first day of the month
1b) the lunar month
Also means: cho.desh (חֹ֫דֶשׁ ": month" H2320)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2mp
מוֹעֵד (mo'ed) refers to an appointed time, place, or meeting, often associated with festivals and sacred seasons. It can denote a specific appointment or assembly, and is linked to the concept of a tent of meeting. The word is derived from a root meaning to appoint, and encompasses a range of meanings related to scheduled gatherings and designated locations.
מוֹעֵד 223 n.m. appointed time, place, meeting
appointed time
appointed meeting
appointed place
appointed sign, signal
tent of meeting
base
H4150 מוֹעֵד appointed time, place, meeting . appointed time
. appointed meeting
. appointed place
. appointed sign, signal
. tent of meeting
4150 mow`ed mo-ade'
or moled {mo-ade'}; or (feminine) moweadah (2 Chronicles
8:13) {mo-aw-daw'}; from 3259; properly, an appointment, i.e.
a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival;
conventionally a year; by implication, an assembly (as
convened for a definite purpose); technically the
congregation; by extension, the place of meeting; also a
signal (as appointed beforehand):--appointed (sign, time),
(place of, solemn) assembly, congregation, (set, solemn)
feast, (appointed, due) season, solemn(-ity), synogogue, (set)
time (appointed).
see HEBREW for 03259
מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting: time appointed.
: time_appointed
1) appointed place, appointed time, meeting
1a) appointed time
1a1) appointed time (general)
1a2) sacred season, set feast, appointed season
1b) appointed meeting
1c) appointed place
1d) appointed sign or signal
1e) tent of meeting
מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting: festival.
: festival
1) appointed place, appointed time, meeting
1a) appointed time
1a1) appointed time (general)
1a2) sacred season, set feast, appointed season
1b) appointed meeting
1c) appointed place
1d) appointed sign or signal
1e) tent of meeting
מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting.
: meeting
1) appointed place, appointed time, meeting
1a) appointed time
1a1) appointed time (general)
1a2) sacred season, set feast, appointed season
1b) appointed meeting
1c) appointed place
1d) appointed sign or signal
1e) tent of meeting
מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting: signal appointed.
Conj | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp2mp
שָׂנֵא (sane') is a primitive root meaning 'to hate.' It covers various forms of hatred, including personal animosity and enmity, and can refer to both humans and God. The word appears in different grammatical forms, with uses in Qal, Niphal, and Piel, indicating actions of hating or being hated. Its Aramaic equivalent is שְׂנָא.
שָׂנֵא 145 vb. hate
Qal 128 hate
Niph. is hated
Pi. enemy
base
H8130 שָׂנֵא hate
8130 sane' saw-nay'
a primitive root; to hate (personally):--enemy, foe, (be)
hate(-ful, -r), odious, X utterly.
שָׂנֵא (sa.ne) — to hate.
1) to hate, be hateful
1a) (Qal) to hate
1a1) of man
1a2) of God
1a3) hater, one hating, enemy (participle) (subst)
1b) (Niphal) to be hated
1c) (Piel) hater (participle)
1c1) of persons, nations, God, wisdom
Aramaic equivalent: se.ne (שְׂנָא "to hate" H8131)
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularHVqp3fs
The Hebrew word נֶ֫פֶשׁ (*nephesh*) broadly means 'soul' or 'living being,' encompassing concepts like life, self, person, desire, and emotion. It is derived from the root meaning 'to breathe' and signifies both physical and mental aspects of existence. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, including as the seat of appetites and emotions, though its application to will and character is uncertain.
נֶ֫פֶשׁ 756 n.f. soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion
= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being
The נפשׁ becomes a living being
The נפשׁ is specif.
The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself
נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)
נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions
נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts
נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.
נפשׁ = character is still more dub.
נ׳ in D
base
H5315 נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion . = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being
. The נפשׁ becomes a living being
. The נפשׁ is specif.
. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself
. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)
. נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions
. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts
. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.
. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.
. נ׳ in D
5315 nephesh neh'-fesh
from 5314; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of
(abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal,
accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental):--any,
appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire,
X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y),
(hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me,
mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-,
thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they,
thing, (X she) will, X would have it.
see HEBREW for 05314
נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul.
1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion
1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man
1b) living being
1c) living being (with life in the blood)
1d) the man himself, self, person or individual
1e) seat of the appetites
1f) seat of emotions and passions
1g) activity of mind
1g1) uncertain
1h) activity of the will
1h1) uncertain
1i) activity of the character
1i1) uncertain
נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul: life.
1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion
1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man
1b) living being
1c) living being (with life in the blood)
1d) the man himself, self, person or individual
1e) seat of the appetites
1f) seat of emotions and passions
1g) activity of mind
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
be-kum':
(1) Greek ginomai, used in New Testament for a change of state, corresponding to Hebrew hayah of Old Testament. Compare Mt 18:3 with De 27:9.
(2) For what is fitting, suitable, proper, in New Testament: "prepei" (Mt 3:15; Eph 5:3; 1Ti 2:10); in Old Testament, na'awah, na'ah, Ps 93:5: "Holiness becometh thy house." in this sense, the adverb "becomingly" must be interpreted: "Walk becomingly toward them that are without" (1Th 4:12), i.e. in a way that is consistent with your profession.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
טֹ֫רַח (torach) means 'burden' and is derived from the root word represented by Strong's H2959. The entries consistently describe it as a burden, encumbrance, or trouble, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
טֹ֫רַח n.m. burden
base
H2960 טֹ֫רַח burden
2960 torach to'-rakh
from 2959; a burden:--cumbrance, trouble.
see HEBREW for 02959
טֹ֫רַח (to.rach) — burden.
burden
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
bur'-dn.
1. In the Old Testament:
In the Old Testament more than one word is rendered "burden."
(1) massa', from a root nasa' "he lifted up." Thus literally any load is called massa' (Ex 23:5; Nu 4:15,24,27 ff; 2Ki 5:17; 8:9). Figuratively, people are a burden (Nu 11:11,17; De 1:12; 2Sa 15:33; 19:35). A man may be a burden to himself (Job 7:20). Iniquities are a burden (Ps 38:4). Taxes may be a burden (Ho 8:10).
A weight or load, on body or soul; often used figuratively, to denote afflictions, failings, sins, Ps 38:4 55:22 Ga 6:2; services under law, Mt 23:4; official responsibilities, Ex 18:22 De 1:12; and especially prophetic messages, not always of a threatening character, Isa 19:1. In this last sense the Hebrew word may be rendered "oracle," "divine declaration," or "prophecy," as in Pr 31:31,1.
לָאָה (la'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be weary or impatient. It encompasses various forms, including being tired or grieved, and can describe both the state of weariness and the act of causing weariness in others. The word appears in different stems, such as Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, indicating nuances in its usage.
[לָאָה] vb. be weary, impatient
Qal be weary
Niph. be weary of doing a thing, make oneself weary in doing something, weary (i.e. strenuously exert) oneself
Hiph. weary, make weary, exhaust
base
H3811 לָאָה be weary, impatient
3811 la'ah law-aw'
a primitive root; to tire; (figuratively) to be (or make)
disgusted:--faint, grieve, lothe, (be, make) weary (selves).
לָאָה (la.ah) — be weary.
1) to be weary, be impatient, be grieved, be offended
1a) (Qal) to be weary, be impatient
1b) (Niphal) to be tired of something, weary oneself
1c) (Hiphil) to weary, make weary, exhaust
V-Niphal-Perf-1cs — Verb · Niphal · perfect first person common singularHVNp1cs
The Hebrew word נָשָׂא (nasa') means to lift, carry, or take, encompassing a wide range of applications both literal and figurative. It can refer to actions like bearing burdens, taking away, or being exalted. The entries indicate various forms and uses, including the ability to lift oneself up or cause others to bear iniquity. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
נָשָׂא 656 vb. lift, carry, take
Qal
lift, lift up
Bear, carry
Take, take away
Niph.
be lifted up
refl. lift oneself up = rise up, of י׳, to display power in judgment
be borne, carried
be taken away, carried off
Pi.
lift up = exalt
fig. = desire, long
carry, bear continuously
take, take away
Hithp. lift oneself up
Hiph.
cause one to bear iniquity
appar. cause to bring, have brought
base
H5375 נָשָׂא lift, carry, take .. lift, lift up
. Bear, carry
. Take, take away
. . be lifted up
. refl. lift oneself up = rise up, of י׳, to display power in judgment
. be borne, carried
. be taken away, carried off
. . lift up = exalt
. fig. = desire, long
. carry, bear continuously
. take, take away
. lift oneself up
. . cause one to bear iniquity
. appar. cause to bring, have brought
5375 nasa' naw-saw'
or nacah (Psalm 4 : 6 (7)) {naw-saw'}; a primitive root; to
lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and
figurative, absol. and rel. (as follows):--accept, advance,
arise, (able to, (armor), suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring
(forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease,
exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further,
give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable (+ man), lade,
lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, X needs, obtain,
pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare,
stir up, + swear, take (away, up), X utterly, wear, yield.
see HEBREW for 04
see HEBREW for 06
see HEBREW for 07
נָשָׂא (na.sa) — to lift: raise.
: raise/take_up
1) to lift, bear up, carry, take
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lift, lift up
1a2) to bear, carry, support, sustain, endure
1a3) to take, take away, carry off, forgive
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be lifted up, be exalted
1b2) to lift oneself up, rise up
1b3) to be borne, be carried
1b4) to be taken away, be carried off, be swept away
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to lift up, exalt, support, aid, assist
1c2) to desire, long (fig.)
1c3) to carry, bear continuously
1c4) to take, take away
1d) (Hithpael) to lift oneself up, exalt oneself
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to cause one to bear (iniquity)
1e2) to cause to bring, have brought
נָשָׂא (na.sa) — to lift: bear.
: look/lift(eyes)
1) to lift, bear up, carry, take
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lift, lift up
1a2) to bear, carry, support, sustain, endure
1a3) to take, take away, carry off, forgive
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be lifted up, be exalted
V-Qal-Inf-a — Verb · Qal · infinitive construct commonHVqcc
