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Isaiah 32:11 — Word Study

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WLCחִרְדוּ֙ שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת רְגָ֖זָה בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה וְעֹ֔רָה וַחֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־ חֲלָצָֽיִם׃

BSAShudderchârad [tremble with fear] you ladies of leisureshaʼănân [at ease, secure] tremblerâgaz [be troubled] you daughters of complacencybâṭach [careless, confident ones] Strippâshaṭ [remove, make bare] yourselves bareʻârar and putchâgar sackcloth aroundʻal [a sign of mourning, grief] your waistschâlâts [loins, seat of vigor and strength]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 32
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 11 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (cha.la.Tza.yim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 32:11quick helps
In a sentenceIsaiah calls the complacent women to wake from their security and recognize impending judgment.
Who is speakingThe prophet Isaiah, addressing the women of Jerusalem.
Where we areThis verse is part of a warning about the consequences of complacency.
The hard wordחִרְדוּ
Take awayThe call to action emphasizes the urgency of repentance.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbחָרַד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 32:11

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Call to Repentancegenerated

10In a little more than a year you will tremble, O secure ones. For the grape harvest will fail and the fruit harvest will not arrive.
11Shudder, you ladies of leisure; tremble, you daughters of complacency. Strip yourselves bare and put sackcloth around your waists.
12Beat your breasts for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vines,
13and for the land of my people, overgrown with thorns and briers— even for every house of merriment in this city of revelry.

Isaiah 32:11 warns the complacent women of Jerusalem to recognize their false security and prepare for the coming judgment. The surrounding verses describe the consequences of their carelessness, emphasizing a need for mourning and repentance as the land faces devastation. This passage reflects a broader theme in Isaiah of calling people to accountability and awareness of their spiritual state.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 2:19–21Men will flee to caves in the rocks and holes in the ground, away from the terror of the LORD and from the splendor of His majesty, when He rises to shake the earth.
2Isaiah 22:4–5Therefore I said, “Turn away from me, let me weep bitterly! Do not try to console me over the destruction of the daughter of my people.”
3Isaiah 33:14The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling grips the ungodly: “Who of us can dwell with a consuming fire? Who of us can dwell with everlasting flames?”
4Luke 23:27–30A great number of people followed Him, including women who kept mourning and wailing for Him.
5James 5:5You have lived on earth in luxury and self-indulgence. You have fattened your hearts in the day of slaughter.

The Key Word חִרְדוּ, chir.Dugenerated

The verb חָרַד (charad) means to tremble or be terrified. It conveys a sense of fear or anxiety, often in response to impending danger. The parsing as an imperative second person masculine plural indicates a direct call to the women to act urgently in light of their situation.

This word appears frequently in contexts where fear is warranted, such as at Mount Sinai, underscoring the seriousness of Isaiah's message. The emphasis on trembling suggests a need for a profound emotional response to the threat they face.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has shudder, which is echoed in the KJV and ASV, maintaining the urgency of the command.

Where translations differ, they do so primarily in the rendering of שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת. The KJV and ASV use at ease, while the ILT opts for secure, reflecting different nuances of complacency.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse consists of a series of imperatives, with the finite verbs חִרְדוּ (tremble), רְגָזָה (be agitated), פְּשֹׁטָה (strip off), עֹרָה (strip yourself), and חֲגֹרָה (gird) driving the action. Each command builds upon the previous one, creating a sense of escalating urgency.

The structure emphasizes the need for immediate action in response to the impending judgment, with the commands directed specifically at the women, highlighting their role in the societal complacency.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates חִרְדוּ as ἔκστητε, which means 'to be astonished' or 'to be in a state of shock.' This choice suggests a broader emotional response than mere trembling, indicating a deeper realization of their peril.

For שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת, the LXX uses a term that conveys a sense of being disturbed, reinforcing the urgency of Isaiah's warning about complacency.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 32:11 warns the women of Jerusalem to wake from their complacency and recognize the coming judgment. They are called to tremble, strip off their fine clothing, and put on sackcloth as a sign of mourning. This reflects a need for repentance and awareness of their spiritual state.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Isaiah mean by 'ladies of leisure'?

Isaiah refers to women who are comfortable and secure in their lives, but their complacency blinds them to the impending judgment.

Why does Isaiah call for them to tremble?

The call to tremble signifies an urgent need to recognize the seriousness of their situation and to respond with fear and repentance.

What is the significance of putting on sackcloth?

Sackcloth is a traditional sign of mourning and repentance, indicating a shift from complacency to a recognition of their need for change.

How does this verse relate to the surrounding context?

The surrounding verses emphasize the consequences of complacency and the need for genuine repentance in light of impending judgment.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life might I be complacent or secure, and how can I recognize the need for change?
  2. How can I respond to God's call for repentance in my own life?
  3. What actions can I take to encourage others to wake from their spiritual complacency?
  4. How does the imagery of mourning in this verse resonate with my understanding of sin and repentance?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 32:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Tremble, ye women that are at ease,.... Which may be considered either as an exhortation to repentance for their sins, of which, if a due sense was impressed on their hearts, would cause a trembling

Read John Gill on Isaiah 32 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones: strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins. Strip you - of your happy clothing (note, Isaiah 20:2).

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 32 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Strip you, and make you bare; put off your ornaments, as God commanded upon a like occasion, , that you may put on sackcloth instead of them, as mourners and penitents used to do.

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 32 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 32:11 Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones: strip you, and make you bare, and gird [sackcloth] upon [your] loins.Ver. 11. Tremble, ye women.] Adhortatio ad poenitentiam, saith Hyperius; an exhortation to repentance, not unlike that of St James, "Afflict yourselves, and weep and mourn; let your laughter be turned into mourning, your joy into heaviness." Trepidate, O tranquillae. - Tremel.

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 32 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(11) Tremble, ye women that are at ease . . .—The words find at once a parallel and a contrast in those spoken to the daughters of Jerusalem in Luke (Luke 23:28-30). The call to repentance includes their stripping themselves of their costly finery, and putting on the “sackcloth” (the word is implied, though not expressed in the Hebrew), which was the outward symbol of repentance (Jonah 3:5-8). The words, it may be noted, are masculine, the call not being limited to the women.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 32 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 11. Gird sackcloth] שק sak, sackcloth, a word necessary to the sense, is here lost, but preserved by the Septuagint, MSS. Alex. and Pachom., and I. D. II., and edit. Ald. and Comp., and the Arabic and Syriac. Tremble - be troubled - strip you] פשטה peshotah, רגזה regazah, &c. These are infinitives, with a paragogic ה he, according to Schultens, Institut. Ling. Hebr. p. 453, and are to be taken in an imperative sense.

Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 32 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

11. The speaker calls on his female auditors at once to assume the garb of mourners; so certain is the calamity. The word for “tremble” is in the masc. gender in the original, a not uncommon irregularity (Amos 4:1; Micah 1:13, &c.). Indeed the next verse presents an example. strip ye, and make ye bare]—as Arabian women occasionally do in a paroxysm of grief or terror. gird (sc. sackcloth) upon your loins] Cf. ch. Isaiah 3:24; 1 Kings 21:27; 2 Kings 6:30; Job 16:15. The words “be troubled,” “strip,” “make bare” and “gird” represent anomalous forms in the Hebrew, which are the despair of grammarians. The imperative no doubt gives the right sense.

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 32 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Strip ye, and make ye bare - That is, take off your joyful and splendid apparel, and put on the habiliments of mourning, indicative of a great calamity. And gird sackcloth - (See the note at Isaiah 3:24).

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 32 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Shudder, you ladies of leisure; tremble, you daughters of complacency. Strip yourselves bare and put sackcloth around your waists.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Tremble, you women who are at ease! Be troubled, you careless ones! Strip yourselves, make yourselves naked, and put sackcloth on your waist.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Shudder, you ladies of leisure; tremble, you daughters of complacency. Strip yourselves bare and put sackcloth around your waists.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Tremble, you complacent ones! Shake with fear, you carefree ones! Strip off your clothes and expose yourselves – put sackcloth on your waist!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones: strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones; strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones: strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones: strip ye, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Yee women, that are at ease, be astonied: feare, O yee carelesse women: put off the clothes: make bare, and girde sackcloth vpon the loynes.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones; strip you, and make you bare, and gird [sackcloth] on your loins!

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Tremble ye women, ye easy ones, Be troubled, ye confident ones, Strip and make bare, with a girdle on the loins,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Tremble, you women, you easy ones, || Be troubled, you confident ones, || Strip and make bare, with a girdle on the loins,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Tremble, ye careless women; shudder, ye that are secure, strip off your garments and make yourselves bare, and gird [sackcloth] upon the loins.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Tremble, you women who are at ease; be troubled, you confident ones; take off your fine clothes and make yourselves bare; put on sackcloth around your waists.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Be astonished, ye rich women, be troubled, ye confident ones: strip yen, and be confounded, gird your loins.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Shudder, you women relaxing! Tremble, you ladies who feel so safe! Strip off your clothes, bare yourselves and put on sackcloth around your waists.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Be shaking with fear, you women who are living in comfort; be troubled, you who have no fear of danger: take off your robes and put on clothing of grief.

Word by word, the decisions they made

שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹתsha.'a.na.Not O carefree [women] H7600 2 different renderings
at easeASV DBY GNV KJV NWB RVA ULB WEB
secureILT

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseverbחִרְדוּ֙trembleclauseשַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹתO.carefree.[women]clauseclauseverbרְגָ֖זָהbe.agitatedclauseבֹּֽטְח֑וֹתO.confident.[women]clauseverbפְּשֹׁ֣טָֽהstrip.offוְandclauseverbעֹ֔רָהlay.yourself.bareוַandclauseverbחֲג֖וֹרָהgirdprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַלonחֲלָצָֽיִםloins

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text is consistent with the Septuagint in most of the wording, but the Dead Sea Scrolls provide a variant spelling for some words. The scrolls show a similar structure and meaning, affirming the core message of the verse.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

חִרְדוּ֙ שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת רְגָ֖זָה בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה וְעֹ֔רָה וַחֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־ חֲלָצָֽיִם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
חִרְדוּ֙ἔκστητεרְגָ֖זָהλυπήθητεפְּשֹׁ֣טָֽהἐκδύσασθεוְעֹ֔רָהγένεσθεוַחֲג֖וֹרָהπεριζώσασθεעַל־τὰςחֲלָצָֽיִם׃ὀσφύας

7 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

חרדו שאננות רגז׳ה בוטחות פשט׳ה יערו חגרנה וספדנה על החלצים

10 words on the leather.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 32:11חָרַדtrembletrembleחָרַדשַׁאֲנָןO carefree O carefree [womשַׁאֲנָןרָגַזbe agitatedbe agitatedרָגַזבָּטַחO confidentO confident [woבָּטַחפָּשַׁטstrip offstrip offפָּשַׁטעָרַרand strip yand strip yoursעָרַרחָגַרand girdand girdחָגַרעַלononעַלחָלָץloinsloinsחָלָץחָלַץto rescueto rescueחָלַץחָסָהto seek reto seek refugeחָסָהעַלheightheightעַלשָׁאַןto restto restשָׁאַןרָבַץto stretchto stretchרָבַץבּוּזcontemptcontemptבּוּזרָגַזto trembleto trembleרָגַזשַׁאֲנָןsecuresecureשַׁאֲנָןרָעַשׁto shaketo shakeרָעַשׁמָגֵןshieldshieldמָגֵןשֶׁ֫קֶרdeceptiondeceptionשֶׁ֫קֶרבֶּ֫גֶדtreacherytreacheryבֶּ֫גֶדנֶ֫גֶבNegebNegebנֶ֫גֶברָחָבbroad: widbroad: wideרָחָבאַבְנֵטgirdlegirdleאַבְנֵטשַׂקsackclothsackclothשַׂקכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּא
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 32:11

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

tremble O carefree [women] be agitated O confident [women] strip off and strip yourself and gird on loins
חִרְדוּ֙chir.Du tremble H2729 Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
39× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to tremble with fear or anxiety, like when the Israelites trembled at Mount Sinai. It can also mean to hasten or be careful. In the Bible, it appears in Exodus and other books.
Amplified meaning
tremble with fear
Tyndale gloss
to tremble
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָרַד (charad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to tremble or be terrified. It encompasses a range of meanings, including trembling of both people and mountains, being anxiously careful, and causing others to tremble, particularly in the context of driving an army in terror. The entries suggest a strong emphasis on fear and anxiety.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָרַד vb. tremble, be terrified

Qal

tremble, quake

tremble, of persons

be anxiously careful

with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling

Hiph. drive in terror, rout as army

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2729 חָרַד tremble, be terrified .. tremble, quake

. tremble, of persons

. be anxiously careful

. with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling

. drive in terror, rout as army

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2729 charad khaw-rad'

a primitive root; to shudder with terror; hence, to fear;

also to hasten (with anxiety):--be (make) afraid, be careful,

discomfit, fray (away), quake, tremble.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָרַד (cha.rad) — to tremble.

1) to tremble, quake, move about, be afraid, be startled, be terrified

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to tremble, quake (of a mountain)

1a2) to tremble (of people)

1a3) to be anxiously careful

1a4) to go or come trembling (with prep)

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to tremble

1b2) to drive in terror, rout (an army)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine plural
HVqv2mp
tremble O carefree [women] be agitated O confident [women] strip off and strip yourself and gird on loins
שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹתsha.'a.na.Not O carefree [women] H7600 Adj
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word can mean feeling secure or carefree, but also describes being arrogant or haughty, like the proud people in the book of Proverbs. It is about being at ease or secure. However, it can also describe a negative attitude.
Amplified meaning
at ease, secure
Tyndale gloss
secure
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁאֲנָן (sha'anan) means 'at ease' or 'secure,' often with a connotation of carelessness or arrogance. It can refer to a person who is free from misfortune or embody a sense of pride. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to be secure,' and it encompasses both positive and negative aspects of being at ease.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׁאֲנָן adj. at ease, secure

at ease, secure

as subst., one at ease, free from misfortune

at ease, with collat. idea of careless, wanton, arrogant

as subst. abstr. = arrogance

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7600 שַׁאֲנָן at ease, secure . at ease, secure

. as subst., one at ease, free from misfortune

. at ease, with collat. idea of careless, wanton, arrogant

. as subst. abstr. = arrogance

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7600 sha'anan shah-an-awn'

from 7599; secure; in a bad sense, haughty:--that is at

ease, quiet, tumult. Compare 7946.

see HEBREW for 07599

see HEBREW for 07946

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁאֲנָן (sha.a.nan) — secure.

adj

1) at ease, quiet, secure

1a) at ease, secure

1b) at ease, careless, wanton, arrogant

subst

2) security, pride, arrogance

2a) one at ease

2b) arrogance

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAafpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Smith's Bible Dictionary

The position of women in the Hebrew commonwealth contrasts favorably with that which in the present day is assigned to them generally in eastern countries. The most salient point of contrast in the usages of ancient as compared with modern Oriental society was the large amount of liberty enjoyed by women. Instead of being immured in a harem, or appearing in public with the face covered. The wives and maidens of ancient times mingled freely and openly with the other sex in the duties and amenities of ordinary life. Rebekah travelled on a camel with her face unveiled until she came into the presence of her affianced. (Genesis 24:64,65) Jacob saluted Rachel with a kiss in the presence of the shepherds. (Genesis 29:11) Women played no inconsiderable part in public celebrations (

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Creation of Ge 1:27; 2:21,22

→ Named Ge 2:23

→ Fall of, and curse upon Ge 3:1-16; 2Co 11:3; 1Ti 2:14

→ Promise to Ge 3:15

→ Had separate apartments in dwellings Ge 24:67; 31:33; Es 2:9,11

→ Veiled the face Ge 24:65

→ See VAIL

→ Vows of Nu 30:3-16

Thompson Chain Reference topics

(A) MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS relating to (Select Reading Prov. 31)

Pr 31:1-31

(1) Creation and Temptation of

Ge 1:27; 2:22; 3:1,6,13; 2Co 11:3; 1Ti 2:14

(2) Rights of

Nu 27:1-8

(3) The Subjection of

Ge 3:16; 1Co 11:3; 14:34; Eph 5:22; 1Ti 2:11; 1Pe 3:1,5

(4) As Wives

tremble O carefree [women] be agitated O confident [women] strip off and strip yourself and gird on loins
רְגָ֖זָהre.Ga.zah be agitated H7264 Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singular
41× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means to shake or tremble with strong emotions like fear, anger, or excitement. It can also mean to provoke or disturb someone, causing them to become agitated. The KJV Bible translates it in various ways, including 'tremble', 'quake', and 'rage'.
Amplified meaning
be troubled
Tyndale gloss
to tremble
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָגַז (ragaz) is a Hebrew verb meaning to tremble or quake, often in response to strong emotions like anger or fear. It can describe both a state of agitation and the act of causing agitation in others. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal, Hiphil, and Hithpael, covering a range of emotional responses.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָגַז vb. be agitated, quiver, quake, be excited, perturbed

Qal quake

Hiph. cause to quake, disquiet, enrage

Hithp. excite oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7264 רָגַז be agitated, quiver, quake, be excited, perturbed .quake

. cause to quake, disquiet, enrage

. excite oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7264 ragaz raw-gaz'

a primitive root; to quiver (with any violent emotion,

especially anger or fear):--be afraid, stand in awe,

disquiet, fall out, fret, move, provoke, quake, rage, shake,

tremble, trouble, be wroth.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָגַז (ra.gaz) — to tremble.

1) tremble, quake, rage, quiver, be agitated, be excited, be perturbed

1a)(Qal) to quake, be disquieted, be excited, be perturbed

1b) (Hiphil) to cause to quake, disquiet, enrage, disturb

1c) (Hithpael) to excite oneself

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2fp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singular
HVqv2ms
tremble O carefree [women] be agitated O confident [women] strip off and strip yourself and gird on loins
בֹּֽטְח֑וֹתbo.te.Chot O confident [women] H982 Verb · Qal · participle (active) feminine plural
120× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To trust means to have confidence or faith in something or someone, like the Israelites trusting in God to lead them through the desert, as seen in Psalm 23.
Amplified meaning
careless, confident ones
Tyndale gloss
to trust
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּטַח (batach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to trust or have confidence. It conveys a sense of security and boldness, both in a personal sense and when causing others to feel secure. The entries indicate its use in different forms, such as Qal and Hiphil, covering aspects of trust and confidence.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּטַח vb. trust

Qal

trust

be confident

Hiph. cause to trust, make secure

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H982 בָּטַח trust . trust

. be confident

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

982 batach baw-takh'

a primitive root; properly, to hie for refuge (but not so

precipitately as 2620); figuratively, to trust, be confident

or sure:--be bold (confident, secure, sure), careless (one,

woman), put confidence, (make to) hope, (put, make to) trust.

see HEBREW for 02620

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּטַח (ba.tach) — to trust.

1) to trust

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to trust, trust in

1a2) to have confidence, be confident

1a3) to be bold

1a4) to be secure

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to trust, make secure

2) (TWOT) to feel safe, be careless

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) feminine plural
HVqrfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Smith's Bible Dictionary

The position of women in the Hebrew commonwealth contrasts favorably with that which in the present day is assigned to them generally in eastern countries. The most salient point of contrast in the usages of ancient as compared with modern Oriental society was the large amount of liberty enjoyed by women. Instead of being immured in a harem, or appearing in public with the face covered. The wives and maidens of ancient times mingled freely and openly with the other sex in the duties and amenities of ordinary life. Rebekah travelled on a camel with her face unveiled until she came into the presence of her affianced. (Genesis 24:64,65) Jacob saluted Rachel with a kiss in the presence of the shepherds. (Genesis 29:11) Women played no inconsiderable part in public celebrations (

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Creation of Ge 1:27; 2:21,22

→ Named Ge 2:23

→ Fall of, and curse upon Ge 3:1-16; 2Co 11:3; 1Ti 2:14

→ Promise to Ge 3:15

→ Had separate apartments in dwellings Ge 24:67; 31:33; Es 2:9,11

→ Veiled the face Ge 24:65

→ See VAIL

→ Vows of Nu 30:3-16

Thompson Chain Reference topics

(A) MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS relating to (Select Reading Prov. 31)

Pr 31:1-31

(1) Creation and Temptation of

Ge 1:27; 2:22; 3:1,6,13; 2Co 11:3; 1Ti 2:14

(2) Rights of

Nu 27:1-8

(3) The Subjection of

Ge 3:16; 1Co 11:3; 14:34; Eph 5:22; 1Ti 2:11; 1Pe 3:1,5

(4) As Wives

tremble O carefree [women] be agitated O confident [women] strip off and strip yourself and gird on loins
פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽהpe.Sho.tah strip off H6584 Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singular
43× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to strip or remove something, like taking off clothes or plundering a place. It is used in Exodus 22:26 to describe taking a pledge from someone. The word implies a sense of removal or deprivation.
Amplified meaning
remove, make bare
Tyndale gloss
to strip
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּשַׁט (pashat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to strip off or to invade. It encompasses actions like unclothing, plundering, and making a dash, with various forms indicating different nuances such as flaying or putting off garments. The term appears in different contexts, including military actions and personal disrobing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פָּשַׁט vb. strip off, make a dash, raid

Qal

strip off, put off, one’s garment

put off (one’s shelter), i.e. make a dash (from a sheltered place)

Pi. to strip the slain

Hiph.

strip one of garment

strip off

flay

Hithp. he stripped himself of his garment

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6584 פָּשַׁט strip off, make a dash, raid

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6584 pashat paw-shat'

a primitive root; to spread out (i.e. deploy in hostile

array); by analogy, to strip (i.e. unclothe, plunder, flay,

etc.):--fall upon, flay, invade, make an invasion, pull off,

put off, make a road, run upon, rush, set, spoil, spread

selves (abroad), strip (off, self).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּשַׁט (pa.shat) — to strip.

1) to strip, invade, strip off, make a dash, raid, spread out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to strip off, put off

1a2) to put off (one's shelter), make a dash

1b) (Piel) to strip

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to strip of

1c2) to strip off

1c3) to flay

1d) (Hithpael) to strip oneself of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2fp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singular
HVqv2ms
tremble O carefree [women] be agitated O confident [women] strip off and strip yourself and gird on loins
וְעֹ֔רָהve.'O.rah and strip yourself H6209 Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singular
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to strip or make bare, and can also mean to demolish or break something. It is used in various forms throughout the Bible to convey a sense of removal or destruction.
Tyndale gloss
to strip
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָרַר (arar) means to strip or make bare, with various nuances including to demolish or lay bare. It appears in the context of destruction, such as in Isaiah 32:11, where it refers to laying bare the foundations of palaces. The entries indicate that it can be used in different forms, including Qal, Poel, and Hithpalpel.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עָרַר] vb. strip oneself

Qal Is 32:11

Pō‛. they have laid bare (the foundations of) her palaces, i.e. destroyed them

Pilp. + Hithpalp. be laid utterly bare

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6209 [עָרַר] strip oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6209 `arar aw-rar'

a primitive root; to bare; figuratively, to demolish:--make

bare, break, raise up (perhaps by clerical error for raze), X

utterly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָרַר (a.rar) — to strip.

1) to strip, make bare, strip oneself

1a) (Qal) to strip, strip oneself

1b) (Poel) to lay bare

1c) (Hithpalpel) to be utterly stripped, be utterly laid bare

1d) (Pilpel) break

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2fp — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singular
HC/Vqv2ms
tremble O carefree [women] be agitated O confident [women] strip off and strip yourself and gird on loins
וַחֲג֖וֹרָהva.cha.Go.rah and gird H2296 Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singular
44× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word chagar means to gird or put on a belt, and is used to describe preparing for battle or work, as seen in various KJV translations.
Tyndale gloss
to gird
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָגַר (chagar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to gird or to put on a belt. It is a primitive root that conveys the action of binding or restraining oneself, often in preparation for action. The entries consistently emphasize its use in the context of girding on clothing or armor.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[חָגַר] vb. gird, gird on, gird oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2296 [חָגַר] gird, gird on, gird oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2296 chagar khaw-gar'

a primitive root; to gird on (as a belt, armor, etc.):--be

able to put on, be afraid, appointed, gird, restrain, X on

every side.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָגַר (cha.gar) — to gird.

1) to gird, gird on, gird oneself, put on a belt

1a)(Qal)

1a1) to gird

1a2) to gird on, bind on

1a3) to gird oneself

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2fp — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singular
HC/Vqv2ms
tremble O carefree [women] be agitated O confident [women] strip off and strip yourself and gird on loins
עַל־'al- on H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Amplified meaning
a sign of mourning, grief
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
tremble O carefree [women] be agitated O confident [women] strip off and strip yourself and gird on loins
חֲלָצָֽיִם׃cha.la.Tza.yim loins H2504 Noun common · feminine dual absolute
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, 'loins' refers to the seat of vigor and strength, like in Genesis where it describes a woman's travail. It represents the source of power and energy.
Amplified meaning
loins, seat of vigor and strength
Tyndale gloss
loin
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָלָץ (chalats) refers to the loins, specifically in the dual form, indicating a focus on this area as the seat of strength, virility, and pain, particularly in the context of childbirth. The term is associated with physical vigor and is noted for its use in describing the loins as girded.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[חָלָץ] n.[f.] only dual, loins

as seat of virility

as girded

as seat of pains, like a woman in travail

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2504 [חָלָץ] only dual, loins

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2504 chalats khaw-lawts'

from 2502 (in the sense of strength); only in the dual; the

loins (as the seat of vigor):--loins, reins.

see HEBREW for 02502

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָלָץ (cha.lats) — loin.

1) loins

1a) as seat of virility

1b) as girded

1c) as seat of pain (woman's travail)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cd — Noun common · feminine dual absolute
HNcfda
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

loinz (chalats, Aramaic charats, mothen, kecel, yarekh; osphus): This variety of Hebrew synonyms seems to be used rather promiscuously for the loins, though there is no little difference in the secondary meanings of these words. They represent various modes of expressing the loins as the seat of strength and vigor (Job 40:16, Hebrew mothen, here used of Behemoth), the center of procreative power, the portion of the body which is girded about, and is considered as specially needful of covering, even under primitive conditions of life (Job 31:20), and where painful disease most effectually unfits a man for work and warfare.

Jacob receives the Divine promise that "kings shall come out of (his) loins" (chalats, Ge 35:11), and we…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See GIRDLE.

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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