Isaiah 5:15 — Word Study
WLCוַיִּשַּׁ֥ח אָדָ֖ם וַיִּשְׁפַּל־ אִ֑ישׁ וְעֵינֵ֥י גְבֹהִ֖ים תִּשְׁפַּֽלְנָה׃
BSASo mankindʼâdâm [the human race, including all people] will be brought lowshâchach▸ [humbled, to a state of humility] and each manʼîysh [every individual, the mean man] humbledshâphêl▸ [abased, lowered in pride] the arrogantgâbôahh [the proud, lofty] will lowershâphêl▸ [bring down, abase] their eyesʻayin [the eyes of the haughty, the gaze of the proud]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח | and he has been humbled | Verb, Niphal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אָדָ֖ם | everyone | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וַיִּשְׁפַּל־ | and he has become low | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אִ֑ישׁ | everyone | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְעֵינֵ֥י | and [the] eyes of | Conjunction, noun common feminine dual construct |
| גְבֹהִ֖ים | proud [people] | Adj |
| תִּשְׁפַּֽלְנָה׃ | they will become low | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | So mankind will be brought low, and each man humbled; the arrogant will lower their eyes. |
| KJV | And the mean man shall be brought down, and the mighty man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled: |
| ASV | And the mean man is bowed down, and the great man is humbled, and the eyes of the lofty are humbled: |
| YLT | And bowed down is the low, and humbled the high, And the eyes of the haughty become low, |
| WEB | So man is brought low, mankind is humbled, and the eyes of the arrogant ones are humbled; |
| BBE | And the poor man's head is bent, and the great man goes down on his face, and the eyes of pride are put to shame: |
Where they part company is גְבֹהִ֖ים — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured with a main clause followed by two subordinate clauses, emphasizing the collective humbling of mankind.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאָדָם
verbשָׁחַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 5:15
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Consequences of Pridegenerated
Isaiah 5:15 speaks about the humbling of mankind, emphasizing that both individuals and the proud will be brought low. This passage highlights the inevitability of humility in the face of divine judgment, similar to themes found in Isaiah 2:9-11 and Jeremiah 5:4-5. The message serves as a reminder of the transient nature of human pride and the ultimate authority of God.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 2:9–11 | So mankind is brought low, and man is humbled— do not forgive them! |
| 2 | Isaiah 9:14–17 | So the LORD will cut off Israel’s head and tail, both palm branch and reed in a single day. |
| 3 | Isaiah 24:2–4 | people and priest alike, servant and master, maid and mistress, buyer and seller, lender and borrower, creditor and debtor. |
| 4 | Psalm 62:9 | Lowborn men are but a vapor, the exalted but a lie. Weighed on the scale, they go up; together they are but a vapor. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 5:4–5 | Then I said, “They are only the poor; they have played the fool, for they do not know the way of the LORD, the justice of their God. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׁחַח, shachachgenerated
The verb שָׁחַח (shachach) is a Niphal form meaning 'to be humbled' or 'to bow down'. It conveys the action of lowering oneself, often in a context of humility or submission. The parsing indicates it is a sequential imperfect third person masculine singular verb, suggesting an ongoing or future action of being humbled.
This word emphasizes the act of bowing or prostrating oneself, which can reflect emotional states like despair or reverence. In this verse, it underscores the humbling of all humanity, indicating that no one will remain proud when faced with divine judgment.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB uses brought low for שָׁחַח, which aligns with the KJV and ASV.
Where others part company with the BSB is in the rendering of גְבֹהִ֖ים. The ASV, KJV, and others choose lofty, while the FBV and NETB opt for the proud.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of three main clauses, with verbs governing the actions of the subjects. The first verb שָׁחַח governs the subject אָדָם, while the second verb שָׁפֵל governs אִישׁ. The final clause describes the action of the proud, indicating a clear structure that highlights the humbling of mankind.
The order of the verbs emphasizes the sequential nature of the humbling process, showing that both mankind and the proud will face the same fate of being brought low.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שָׁחַח as ταπεινωθήσεται, which means 'to be humbled'. This choice indicates a direct correlation between the Hebrew and Greek terms, emphasizing the theme of humility.
The translation of גְבֹהִ֖ים is not explicitly stated, but the overall context in the LXX maintains the focus on the proud being brought low, aligning with the Hebrew message.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 5:15 tells us that all of humanity will be humbled, and the proud will lower their eyes. This verse emphasizes that no one can stand in pride before God, as everyone will ultimately be brought low.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies that all people will be humbled and recognize their limitations before God, losing their arrogance.
Humility is a central theme in the Bible, reflecting the need for humans to acknowledge their dependence on God and the futility of pride.
This verse echoes the themes found in other parts of Isaiah, where pride is condemned and humility is presented as a virtue.
The fate of the proud serves as a warning that arrogance leads to downfall, and it encourages us to practice humility.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to practice humility?
- How can I remind myself of the importance of being humble before God?
- What examples of pride do I see in society today, and how can I respond to them?
- How can I encourage others to embrace humility in their lives?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 5:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the mean man shall be brought down,.... To hell, or the grave, as well as the rich and noble: and the mighty man shall be humbled; laid low in the dust, and be equal to the poor; for, in the
Read John Gill on Isaiah 5 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the mean man shall be brought down, and the mighty man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled: And the mean man (Hebrew, 'aadaam (H120)) shall be brought down and the mighty
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 5 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAll of them, both high and low, shall be brought to destruction.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 5 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 5:15 And the mean man shall be brought down, and the mighty man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled:Ver. 15. And the mean man shall be brought down, &c.] Here the prophet, before he comes to the third denunciation (for this part of the chapter, like Ezekiel’ s roll, is full of lamentation, and mourning, and woe, Ezekiel 2:10), inserteth three good effects of the fore-threatened punishments: - 1. That the wicked shall be thereby tamed (in this verse); 2. That God’ s glory shall be asserted; and 3. That God’ s poor people shall be graciously provided for; see for this verse, Isaiah 2:9. And the eyes of the haughty.] See on Isaiah 2:11. Piscat.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 5 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(15) The mean man shall be brought.—The recurrence of the burden of Isa 2:9; Isaiah 2:11-12; Isaiah 2:17, connects Isaiah 5 with the earlier portion of the introduction.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 5 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8–24. Denunciation of the Social Evils which call down God’s Judgment on the NationThe indictment contains six counts, each introduced by the word “Woe,” and is addressed exclusively to the upper classes, although the punishment of their sin falls on the nation as a whole. The prophet sets before us a vivid picture of a debased aristocracy, in whom public virtue has been eaten out by avarice and sensuality; and he traces with remarkable insight the effect of these sins in the religious insensibility and perversion of the moral sentiments which characterised the nobles of Judah at this time.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 5 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd the mean man ... the mighty man - The expressions here mean that “all” ranks would be subdued and punished; see the note at Isaiah 2:9. The eyes of the lofty ... - see Isaiah 2:11, note; Isaiah 2:17, note.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 5 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible14, 15. Hell — In the Hebrew, sheol, to which, in the New Testament, the corresponding term is hades.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 5 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
So mankind will be brought low, and each man humbled; the arrogant will lower their eyes.
So man is brought low, mankind is humbled, and the eyes of the arrogant ones are humbled;
So mankind will be brought low, and each man humbled; the arrogant will lower their eyes.
Men will be humiliated, they will be brought low; the proud will be brought low.
Tyndale line
And the mean man shall be brought down, and the mighty man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled:
And the mean man is bowed down, and the great man is humbled, and the eyes of the lofty are humbled:
And the mean man is bowed down, and the great man is humbled, and the eyes of the lofty are humbled:
And the mean man shall be brought down, and the mighty man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be abased.
And man shalbe brought downe, and man shalbe humbled, euen the eyes of the proude shalbe humbled.
Strictly literal
And the mean man shall be bowed down, and the great man brought low, and the eyes of the lofty shall be brought low;
And bowed down is the low, and humbled the high, And the eyes of the haughty become low,
And the low is bowed down, and the high humbled, || And the eyes of the haughty become low,
And bent down shall be the son of earth, and humbled shall be the man, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled;
Man will be forced to bend down, and mankind will be humbled; the eyes of the lofty will be cast down.
From the Latin
And man shall be brought down, and man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be brought low.
Simplified
Everyone will be brought down, everyone will be humbled; the proud will lower their eyes in humiliation.
And the poor man's head is bent, and the great man goes down on his face, and the eyes of pride are put to shame:
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is consistent across its witnesses, including the Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls, which confirm the wording and structure of the verse. The scrolls show some restored words, but the essential message remains unchanged.
וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח אָדָ֖ם וַיִּשְׁפַּל־ אִ֑ישׁ וְעֵינֵ֥י גְבֹהִ֖ים תִּשְׁפַּֽלְנָה׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[וישח] [אדם] [וישפל] [איש] [ועיני] גבהים [תשפלנה]
nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
ישח אדם וישפל איש ועיני גבהים תשפלנה
7 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 5:15
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁחַח (shachach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to bow or be bowed down. It encompasses actions such as prostrating oneself in homage, crouching like a wild beast, or experiencing despair. The word can be used reflexively or causatively, indicating both the act of bowing and the state of being humbled or cast down.
[שָׁחַח] vb. bow, be bowed down, crouch
Qal
be bowed down, prostrated, humbled
bow in homage
bow, of mourner
crouch, of wild beast in lair
Niph. be prostrated, humbled
Hiph. prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.
Hithpō‛. be cast down, despairing
base
H7817 שָׁחַח bow, be bowed down, crouch .. be bowed down, prostrated, humbled
. bow in homage
. bow, of mourner
. crouch, of wild beast in lair
. be prostrated, humbled
. prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.
. be cast down, despairing
7817 shachach shaw-khakh'
a primitive root; to sink or depress (reflexive or
causative):--bend, bow (down), bring (cast) down, couch,
humble self, be (bring) low, stoop.
שָׁחַח (sha.chach) — to bow.
1) to bow, crouch, bow down, be bowed down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be bowed down, be prostrated, be humbled
1a2) to bow (in homage)
1a3) to bow (of mourner)
1a4) to crouch (of wild beast in lair)
1b) (Niphal) to be prostrated, be humbled, be reduced, be weakened, proceed humbly, be bowed down
1c) (Hiphil) to prostrate, lay low, bow down
1d) (Hithpolel) to be cast down, be despairing
Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Niphal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/VNw3ms
אָדָם (adam) refers to 'man' or 'mankind,' encompassing both individual humans and the species as a whole. It is also the name of the first man in the Bible, Adam, who is mentioned in various verses, including Genesis 2:19. The term can denote a city in the Jordan valley as well. The entries indicate a range of meanings, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
אָדָם 560 n.m. Gn 1:27 man, mankind
a man = human being
coll. man, mankind
n.pr.m. Adam, first man (without art.)
n.pr.loc. city in Jordan valley (as built?)
base
H120 אָדָם man, mankind . a man = human being
. coll. man, mankind
120 'adam aw-dawm'
from 119; ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the
species, mankind, etc.):--X another, + hypocrite, + common
sort, X low, man (mean, of low degree), person.
see HEBREW for 0119
אָדָם (a.dam) — man.
1) man, mankind
1a) man, human being
1b) man, mankind (much more frequently intended sense in OT)
1c) Adam, first man
1d) city in Jordan valley
אָדָם (a.dam) — the man (Adam).
The first named man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.2.19;
married to Eve (H2332);
father of: Cain (H7014B), Abel (H1893) and Seth (H8352); also translated "man" at Gen.2.19,21,23; 3.8,9,20; 5.2; "mankind" at Deu.32.8; "others" at Job.31.33;
Another spelling of a.dam (אָדָם "Adam" H0121)
man, human being
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
שָׁפֵל (shaphel) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be or become low or abased. It can refer to both a physical lowering and a figurative humbling, with usages in different forms indicating actions like laying low or humbling oneself. The entries emphasize its application in contexts of humiliation and lowering one's status.
שָׁפֵל vb. be or become low, be abased
Qal
all Is: become (be brought, laid) low
to be lowly of spirit
of sound
Hiph.
usu. fig., lay low
hum. subj. set one in a lower place
as helping vb.: make low, sit down = take low seat
base
H8213 שָׁפֵל be or become low, be abased
8213 shaphel shaw-fale'
a primitive root; to depress or sink (expec. figuratively, to
humiliate, intransitive or transitive):--abase, bring (cast,
put) down, debase, humble (self), be (bring, lay, make, put)
low(-er).
שָׁפֵל (sha.phel) — to abase.
1) to be or become low, sink, be humbled, be abased
1a) (Qal) to be or become low
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to lay or bring low, humiliate
1b2) to set in a lower place, show abasement
1b3) to make low, sit down
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
The Hebrew word אִישׁ (iysh) means 'man' and can refer to an individual male, a husband, or a human being in general. It encompasses various meanings, including champion and great man, and can also imply 'whosoever' or 'each.' The word is built from a root suggesting existence and is used throughout the Old Testament.
אִישׁ 2166 n.m. man (= vir)
base
H376 אִישׁ man (= vir)
376 'iysh eesh
contracted for 582 (or perhaps rather from an unused root
meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male
person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and
in such cases frequently not expressed in
translation):--also, another, any (man), a certain, +
champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-,
husband-)man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree),
him (that is), husband, man(-kind), + none, one, people,
person, + steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy.
Compare 802.
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0802
אִישׁ (ish) — man.
: man
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
אִישׁ (ish) — man: husband.
: husband
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
אִישׁ (ish) — man: anyone.
: anyone/someone
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
The Hebrew word עַ֫יִן (*'ayin*) means 'eye' and can refer to both the physical organ and its figurative uses, such as mental qualities and desires. It also denotes a 'spring' or 'fountain' of water. The entries highlight various phrases and contexts, including appearances and expressions of emotion, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עַ֫יִן 859 n.f. eye
lit. as physical organ
eyes as showing mental qualities
desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
Transferred mngs.:
visible surface of earth
appearance
gleam, sparkle
Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
base
עַ֫יִן n.f. spring (of water). Particular springs are:
ע׳ חֲרֹר Ju 7:1
ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Ju 15:19
ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus.
ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragon-spring)
base
H5869a עַ֫יִן eye . lit. as physical organ
. . eyes as showing mental qualities
. desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
. Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
. Transferred mngs.: . visible surface of earth
. appearance
. gleam, sparkle
. Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
H5869b עַ֫יִן spring (of water)
5869 `ayin ah'-yin
probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or
figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the
landscape):--affliction, outward appearance, + before, +
think best, colour, conceit, + be content, countenance, +
displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, + favour,
fountain, furrow (from the margin), X him, + humble,
knowledge, look, (+ well), X me, open(-ly), + (not) please,
presence, + regard, resemblance, sight, X thee, X them, +
think, X us, well, X you(-rselves).
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.
: eye
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain (Gate).
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain of.
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: seeing.
: seeing
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: appearance.
: appearance
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: before(the eyes).
: before(the_eyes)
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: sin.
: sin
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
Conj | N-cd — Conjunction · noun common feminine dual constructHC/Ncfdc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word גָּבֹהַּ (*gaboah*) means high or exalted, covering meanings such as tall, lofty, and haughty. It can also refer to loftiness as a noun. The word is derived from a root meaning to elevate or be elevated, and it appears in contexts that emphasize height or pride.
גָּבֹהַּ adj. high, exalted
high, lofty, tall
exalted in station
haughty
n.[m.] loftiness
base
H1364 גָּבֹהַּ high, exalted . high, lofty, tall
. exalted in station
. haughty
. n. [m.] loftiness
1364 gaboahh gaw-bo'-ah
or (fully) gabowahh {gaw-bo'-ah}; from 1361; elevated (or
elated), powerful, arrogant:--haughty, height, high(-er),
lofty, proud, X exceeding proudly.
see HEBREW for 01361
גָּבֹהַּ (ga.vo.ah) — high.
adj
1) high, exalted
1a) high, tall
1b) high (in position)
1c) proud, haughty
n m
2) loftiness
Also means: ga.vah (גָּבֹהַּ "high" H1362)
Adj — AdjHAampa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…
שָׁפֵל (shaphel) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be or become low or abased. It can refer to both a physical lowering and a figurative humbling, with usages in different forms indicating actions like laying low or humbling oneself. The entries emphasize its application in contexts of humiliation and lowering one's status.
שָׁפֵל vb. be or become low, be abased
Qal
all Is: become (be brought, laid) low
to be lowly of spirit
of sound
Hiph.
usu. fig., lay low
hum. subj. set one in a lower place
as helping vb.: make low, sit down = take low seat
base
H8213 שָׁפֵל be or become low, be abased
8213 shaphel shaw-fale'
a primitive root; to depress or sink (expec. figuratively, to
humiliate, intransitive or transitive):--abase, bring (cast,
put) down, debase, humble (self), be (bring, lay, make, put)
low(-er).
שָׁפֵל (sha.phel) — to abase.
1) to be or become low, sink, be humbled, be abased
1a) (Qal) to be or become low
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to lay or bring low, humiliate
1b2) to set in a lower place, show abasement
1b3) to make low, sit down
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralHVqi3fp