Isaiah 63:19 — Word Study
WLCהָיִ֗ינוּ מֵֽעוֹלָם֙ לֹֽא־ מָשַׁ֣לְתָּ בָּ֔ם לֹֽא־ נִקְרָ֥א שִׁמְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם
BSAWe have becomehâyâh■ [as in the beginning, from ancient times] like those You neverʻôwlâm [as our sovereign Lord] ruledmâshal■ [exercised dominion over] like those notlôʼ calledqârâʼ■ [identified, named] by Your nameshêm [Your character, reputation]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| הָיִ֗ינוּ | we have been | Verb, Qal, perfect first person common plural |
| מֵֽעוֹלָם֙ | from long ago | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| לֹֽא־ | not | Particle |
| מָשַׁ֣לְתָּ | you ruled | Verb, Qal, perfect second person masculine singular |
| בָּ֔ם | over them | Preposition, suffix |
| לֹֽא־ | not | Particle |
| נִקְרָ֥א | it was called | Verb, Niphal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| שִׁמְךָ֖ | name your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם | on them | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | We have become like those You never ruled, like those not called by Your name. |
| KJV | We are thine: thou never barest rule over them; they were not called by thy name. |
| ASV | We are become as they over whom thou never barest rule, as they that were not called by thy name. |
| YLT | We have been from of old, Thou hast not ruled over them, Not called is Thy name upon them! |
| WEB | We have become like those over whom you never ruled, like those who were not called by your name. |
| BBE | We have become as those who were never ruled by you, on whom your name was not named. |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse.
The structure consists of a main clause with two comparative phrases that illustrate the lament of the people.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 63:19
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament for God's Abandonmentgenerated
Isaiah 63:19 is part of a larger lament where the people of Israel express their feelings of abandonment by God. They reflect on their past relationship with Him, feeling as though they are now like those who have never been ruled by Him or called by His name. This passage captures their deep sense of loss and longing for God's presence and guidance.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 79:6 | Pour out Your wrath on the nations that do not acknowledge You, on the kingdoms that refuse to call on Your name, |
| 2 | Psalm 135:4 | For the LORD has chosen Jacob as His own, Israel as His treasured possession. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 10:25 | Pour out Your wrath on the nations that do not acknowledge You, and on the families that do not call on Your name. For they have devoured Jacob; they have consumed him and finished him off; they have devastated his homeland. |
| 4 | Acts 14:16 | In past generations, He let all nations go their own way. |
| 5 | Romans 9:4 | the people of Israel. Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs the divine glory and the covenants; theirs the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הָיִ֗ינוּ, ha.Yi.nugenerated
The word הָיָה (hayah) means to exist or come into being. It is often used in narrative contexts to describe events that happen or come to pass. Here, it indicates the state of the people, emphasizing their current condition of estrangement from God.
The perfect tense indicates a completed action, suggesting that the people have fully transitioned into this state of being, highlighting their feelings of abandonment and loss of identity.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we refer to the Berean Standard Bible (BSB) for our comparisons.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb הָיִ֗ינוּ, we have become, governs the entire verse, with several phrases elaborating on the state of the people. The structure emphasizes their lamentation and the comparison to those who are not ruled by God.
The sentence structure is straightforward, with the main clause followed by two comparative phrases that illustrate their feelings of abandonment.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates הָיִ֗ינוּ as ἐγενόμεθα (egenometha), meaning 'we have become.' This choice reflects a similar sense of transformation or change in state, aligning with the Hebrew's connotation of becoming something different.
The use of ἦρχας for מָשַׁלְתָּ indicates a direct translation that maintains the theme of ruling, but it may suggest a more authoritative tone in the Greek context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 63:19 expresses the feelings of the people of Israel who feel abandoned by God. They compare themselves to those who have never been ruled by Him or called by His name, reflecting their deep sense of loss and longing for His presence.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This phrase expresses the feeling of abandonment and a loss of identity, as the people feel disconnected from God's sovereignty and guidance.
They feel this way because they believe they have strayed from God and His promises, leading them to feel unrecognized and unacknowledged by Him.
This phrase emphasizes the historical relationship the people had with God, contrasting their current state of estrangement with their past closeness.
The verse highlights the deep connection between identity and divine relationship, showing how the people’s sense of self is tied to their recognition and acceptance by God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I feel disconnected from God, and how can I seek to restore that relationship?
- How can I remind myself of my identity as a child of God, especially during difficult times?
- What steps can I take to ensure I am living in a way that reflects God's character and name?
- How can I support others who may feel abandoned or disconnected from their faith?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers commented on this verse, reflecting on the themes of abandonment and the relationship between God and His people.
And you did this on account of our turning away from you. For we are now a desert untended by your careful attention. We are now like we were in the beginning.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 63 →
The church is often called “the holy mountain” in the sacred Scriptures, and those from Israel are only a small part of it.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 63 →
The holy of holies of the sanctuary, which it was forbidden to touch and to which access was reserved for priests alone, has been despoiled and trampled by impious enemies.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 63 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 63:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWe are thine,.... Thy children, thy people, thy subjects. Some read it, taking a word from the next clause, "we are thine of old", or "from everlasting" (h); as the Lord's special people are, being
Read John Gill on Isaiah 63 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWe are thine: thou never barest rule over them; they were not called by thy name.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 63 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWe are thine; we continue so; we are in covenant which they never were; and thus it is an argument they use with God to look upon them. Or, the word thine, being not in the text, some do otherwise interpret it; We are even in the same condition we were in at first, either in Egypt, or Ur of the Chaldees, before thou broughtest us into covenant, and are accordingly dealt with; we are become even as they, whom thou didst not bear rule over. Or, we are as, if thou hadst never ruled over us of old. Thou never barest rule over them; not in that manner, or in that relation to them, that thou didst over us. They were not called by thy name; neither owned thee, nor owned by thee: this phrase…
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 63 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 63:19 We are [thine]: thou never barest rule over them; they were not called by thy name.Ver. 19. We are thine.] And shouldst thou then deal with us as some profane, idolatrous nation? See here the holy boldness of faith standing upon interrogatories, and filling her mouth with arguments of all sorts. Thou never barest rule over them.] No such reason or relation is there of children, servants, subjects, wherefore they should thus be favoured and we disowned.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 63 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(19) We are thine . . .—Thine, as the italics show, is not in the Hebrew, and its insertion distorts the meaning. Better, We are become as those over whom Thou hast never ruled, upon whom Thy name hath never been called (Cheyne). What the prophet presents as a plea is not the contrast between Israel and the heathen, but the fact that Israel has been left to sink to the level of the heathen who had not known God. Would not that thought move Jehovah, as it were, to remember this covenant?
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 63 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges19. Render: We are become (as those) over whom from of old Thou hast not borne rule, over whom Thy name has not been called. The visible splendours of Jehovah’s kingship have been absent throughout the later period of the nation’s history. Comp. ch. Isaiah 26:13, and (for the second part of the verse) Deuteronomy 28:10; Jeremiah 14:9.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 63 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWe are thine - We urge it as a reason for thy interposition to restore the land and the temple, that we are thine from ancient times.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 63 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleTHE LAST WITH ISRAEL, Isaiah 63:7 to Isaiah 65:25.Israel’s former Mercies and Sins.There are various schemes of division of the matter now following.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 63 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
We have become like those You never ruled, like those not called by Your name.
We have become like those over whom you never ruled, like those who were not called by your name.
We have become like those You never ruled, like those not called by Your name.
We existed from ancient times, but you did not rule over them, they were not your subjects.
Tyndale line
We are thine: thou never barest rule over them; they were not called by thy name.
We are become as they over whom thou never barest rule, as they that were not called by thy name.
We are become as they over whom thou never barest rule; as they that were not called by thy name.
We are thine : thou never didst bear rule over them; they were not called by thy name.
We haue bene as they, ouer whome thou neuer barest rule, and vpon whom thy Name was not called.
Strictly literal
We have become [like those] over whom thou never barest rule, those not called by thy name.
We have been from of old, Thou hast not ruled over them, Not called is Thy name upon them!
We have been from of old, || You have not ruled over them, || Your Name is not called on them!
We are become as though we are those over whom thou hast never ruled, over whom thy name hath not been called.
We have become like those over whom you never ruled, like those who were never called by your name.”
From the Latin
We are become as in the beginning, when thou didst not rule over us, and when we were not called by thy name.
Simplified
We were yours from ancient times, but we've ended up like people you've never ruled, never identified as yours.
We have become as those who were never ruled by you, on whom your name was not named.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches most of the words, indicating a consistent understanding of the verse across these traditions. The Dead Sea Scrolls also align closely with the Masoretic Text, affirming the preservation of this lamentation.
הָיִ֗ינוּ מֵֽעוֹלָם֙ לֹֽא־ מָשַׁ֣לְתָּ בָּ֔ם לֹֽא־ נִקְרָ֥א שִׁמְךָ֖ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
הוינו מעולם לוא משלתה ב׳ם לוא נקרא שמ׳כה עלי׳המה לוא קרעתה שמים וירדתה מפני׳כה הרים נזלו
16 words on the leather.
היינו מעולם לא משלת [ב׳ם] לא נקרא [שמ׳ך] [עלי׳הם] [לוא] קרעת שמים ירדת [מפני׳ך] הרים נזלו
5 words on the leather — 6 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 63:19
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Perf-1cp — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common pluralHVqp1cp
עוֹלָם (owlam) refers to concepts of long duration, antiquity, and futurity, encompassing meanings like eternity and perpetual existence. It is derived from a root meaning 'concealed' or 'the vanishing point.' The term is used to describe both ancient times and an indefinite future, indicating continuity and everlastingness.
עוֹלָם 439 n.m. long duration, antiquity, futurity
base
H5769 עוֹלָם long duration, antiquity, futurity
5769 `owlam o-lawm'
or lolam {o-lawm'}; from 5956; properly, concealed, i.e. the
vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future),
i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial
(especially with prepositional prefix) always:--alway(-s),
ancient (time), any more, continuance, eternal, (for,
(n-))ever(-lasting, -more, of old), lasting, long (time), (of)
old (time), perpetual, at any time, (beginning of the) world
(+ without end). Compare 5331, 5703.
see HEBREW for 05956
see HEBREW for 05331
see HEBREW for 05703
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: enduring.
: enduring/eternal
1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world
1a) ancient time, long time (of past)
1b) (of future)
1b1) for ever, always
1b2) continuous existence, perpetual
1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — Everlasting.
This name means long duration, everlasting, perpetual
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: any time.
: any_time
1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world
1a) ancient time, long time (of past)
1b) (of future)
1b1) for ever, always
1b2) continuous existence, perpetual
1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity
עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: antiquity.
: old/ancient
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Part — ParticleHTn
מָשַׁל (mashal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rule or have dominion. It can refer to human authority, the dominion of heavenly bodies, or God's sovereignty. The word has a Qal form indicating direct rule and a Hiphil form that implies causing someone to rule or exercising dominion.
מָשַׁל vb. rule, have dominion, reign
Qal
human subj., rule, have dominion over
of heavenly bodies
of God
Hiph. cause to rule; exercise dominion
base
H4910 מָשַׁל rule, have dominion, reign .. human subj., rule, have dominion over
. of heavenly bodies
. of God
. cause to rule; exercise dominion
4910 mashal maw-shal'
a primitive root; to rule:--(have, make to have) dominion,
governor, X indeed, reign, (bear, cause to, have)
rule(-ing, -r), have power.
מָשַׁל (ma.shal) — to rule.
1) to rule, have dominion, reign
1a) (Qal) to rule, have dominion
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to rule
1b2) to exercise dominion
V-Qal-Perf-2ms — Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine singularHVqp2ms
הֶם (hem) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
HTn — ParticleHTn
The Hebrew word קָרָא (qara') is a primitive root meaning to call, proclaim, or read. It encompasses a range of actions including calling out, crying for help, reading aloud, and summoning. The word can also imply being called or named in various contexts. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
קָרָא 724 vb. call, proclaim, read
Qal
call, cry, utter a loud sound
call, cry
call unto some one
cry for help
proclaim
read aloud
read to oneself
summon
call = name
Niph.
reflex.
pass. be called
Pu. be called
base
H7121 קָרָא call, proclaim, read .. . call, cry, utter a loud sound
. call, cry
. . call unto some one
. cry for help
. proclaim
. . read aloud
. read to oneself
. summon
. call = name
. . reflex.
. pass. be called
. be called
7121 qara' kaw-raw'
a primitive root (rather identical with 7122 through the idea
of accosting a person met); to call out to (i.e. properly,
address by name, but used in a wide variety of
applications):--bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for,
forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite,
mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(- ation),
pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say.
see HEBREW for 07122
קָרָא (qa.ra) — to call: call to.
: call_to/invite/entreat
1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound
1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)
1a3) to proclaim
1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read
1a5) to summon, invite, call for, call and commission, appoint, call and endow
1a6) to call, name, give name to, call by
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to call oneself
1b2) to be called, be proclaimed, be read aloud, be summoned, be named
1c) (Pual) to be called, be named, be called out, be chosen
קָרָא (qa.ra) — to call: call by.
: call_by/name
1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound
1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)
1a3) to proclaim
1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read
V-Niphal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person masculine singularHVNp3ms
שֵׁם (shem) means 'name' and encompasses various meanings such as reputation, fame, and glory. It can refer to the designation of God and is often associated with memorials or monuments. The word is built from a primitive root and highlights individuality and honor. There is a mention of its use in relation to false gods, which is forbidden.
שֵׁם 864 n.m. name (√ unknown)
of river, beasts, city, i.e. exact designation of it
usu. of pers.
= reputation
esp. as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, esp. in his sons
name, as designation of God
of false gods, use forbidden
= memorial, monument
base
H8034 שֵׁם name (√ unknown)
8034 shem shame
a primitive word (perhaps rather from 7760 through the idea
of definite and conspicuous position; compare 8064); an
appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by
implication honor, authority, character:--+ base,
(in-)fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.
see HEBREW for 07760
see HEBREW for 08064
שֵׁם (shem) — name.
1) name
1a) name
1b) reputation, fame, glory
1c) the Name (as designation of God)
1d) memorial, monument
Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp