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Isaiah 8:13 — Word Study

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WLCאֶת־ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֹת֣וֹ תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ וְה֥וּא מוֹרַאֲכֶ֖ם וְה֥וּא מַֽעֲרִֽצְכֶֽם׃

BSAThe LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, The covenant Name of God] of Hoststsâbâʼ [army, a large group of people or things] is the Oneʼêth you shall regard as holyqâdash [consecrate, set apart as, sacred, having God's nature] Only Hehûwʼ should be fearedmôwrâʼ [inspire awe, reverence] only Hehûwʼ should be dreadedʻârats [tremble with fear, be terrified]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 8
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 13 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Ma.'a.Ritz.Khem) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 8:13quick helps
In a sentenceIsaiah instructs the people to regard the LORD of Hosts as holy and to fear Him alone.
Who is speakingThe prophet Isaiah, conveying God's message to His people.
Where we areIn a passage addressing the people's misplaced fears and calling them back to reverence for God.
The hard wordתַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ
Take awayThe fear of God is a call to recognize His holiness and authority.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectהוּא verbקָדַשׁ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 8:13

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Call to Reverencegenerated

12“Do not call conspiracy everything these people regard as conspiracy. Do not fear what they fear; do not live in dread.
13The LORD of Hosts is the One you shall regard as holy. Only He should be feared; only He should be dreaded.
14And He will be a sanctuary— but to both houses of Israel a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense, to the dwellers of Jerusalem a trap and a snare.
15Many will stumble over these; they will fall and be broken; they will be ensnared and captured.”

Isaiah 8:13 emphasizes the importance of recognizing the LORD of Hosts as holy. This call to reverence comes in a context where the people are tempted to fear conspiracies and threats around them. Isaiah reminds them that true fear and reverence should be directed towards God alone, who is their ultimate authority and protector. The surrounding verses highlight the contrast between fearing God and succumbing to the fears of the world.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 26:3–4You will keep in perfect peace the steadfast of mind, because he trusts in You.
2Leviticus 10:3Then Moses said to Aaron, “This is what the LORD meant when He said: ‘To those who come near Me I will show My holiness, and in the sight of all the people I will reveal My glory.’” But Aaron remained silent.
3Numbers 20:12–13But the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not trust Me to show My holiness in the sight of the Israelites, you will not bring this assembly into the land that I have given them.”
4Numbers 27:14for when the congregation contended in the Wilderness of Zin, both of you rebelled against My command to show My holiness in their sight regarding the waters.” Those were the waters of Meribah in Kadesh, in the Wilderness of Zin.
5Romans 4:20Yet he did not waver through disbelief in the promise of God, but was strengthened in his faith and gave glory to God,

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ, tak.Di.shugenerated

The verb קָדַשׁ (qadash), from which תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ is derived, means to consecrate or set apart as sacred. This word conveys the action of making something holy, emphasizing the need for the people to recognize and treat God as distinct and revered.

The Hiphil form indicates that the subject (the people) is causing something to be regarded as holy. This reflects a communal responsibility to honor God's holiness and to respond appropriately in reverence and awe.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'The LORD of Hosts is the One you shall regard as holy.' This is consistent across other translations like the KJV and ASV, which also emphasize the holiness of the LORD.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ (you will regard as holy) governs the sentence, with two clauses following it: one describing the subject (the LORD of Hosts) and another emphasizing the fear that should be directed towards Him. This structure highlights the imperative nature of the command.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the LORD of Hosts as the primary subject, reinforcing His authority and the call for the people to respond with reverence.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יְהוָ֥ה as κύριον (kurion), meaning 'Lord'. This choice reflects the translators' intent to convey the authority and sovereignty of God in a way that resonates with Greek-speaking audiences.

The Greek verb ἁγιάσατε (hagiásate) corresponds to the Hebrew תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ, emphasizing the act of making holy. This connection shows the continuity of the call to holiness across both Hebrew and Greek traditions.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 8:13 instructs the people to regard the LORD of Hosts as holy and to fear Him alone. This verse emphasizes the importance of recognizing God's holiness and authority over all other fears and concerns.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to regard the LORD as holy?

To regard the LORD as holy means to recognize His distinct nature, set apart from all else, and to treat Him with the reverence and respect that His holiness demands.

Why should we fear the LORD?

Fearing the LORD means to have a deep respect and awe for His power and authority. It is a recognition of His greatness and our need to submit to Him.

How does this verse relate to our fears today?

This verse encourages us to focus our fears on God rather than on worldly concerns or conspiracies, reminding us that He is our ultimate protector.

What does it mean to 'tremble with fear' before God?

To tremble with fear before God signifies a profound awareness of His holiness and power, leading to a respectful and humble response in His presence.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I need to recognize God's holiness more clearly?
  2. How can I cultivate a deeper fear of the LORD in my daily life?
  3. What distractions or fears do I need to set aside to focus on revering God?
  4. How can I encourage others to regard the LORD as holy and to fear Him alone?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 8:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Sanctify the Lord of hosts himself,.... Christ, Immanuel, God with us, the Lord of the armies above and below, of angels and of men, God over all, the true Jehovah, who is sanctified by his people,

Read John Gill on Isaiah 8 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Say ye not, A confederacy, to all them to whom this people shall say, A confederacy; neither fear ye their fear, nor be afraid. The words of Yahweh. Verse 12. Say ye not, A confederacy - rather.

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 8 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Sanctify the Lord of hosts; give him the glory of his power, and goodness, and faithfulness, by trusting to his promises for your deliverance. Let him be your fear; let God, and not the kings of Syria and Israel, be the chief object of your fear.

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 8 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 8:13 Sanctify the LORD of hosts himself; and [let] him [be] your fear, and [let] him [be] your dread.Ver. 13. Sanctify the Lord of hosts himself.] Even your sweetest Immanuel; non sanctificatur autem nisi in eam credatar; sanctify him, I say, by believing in your hearts and confessing with your mouths, and walking "as becometh the gospel, … in nothing terrified by your adversaries." And let him be your fear.] That is, the object of your fear, where God is called "Fear" by an appellative proper. So the Chaldee paraphrase frequently calleth God Dechilah. The Greeks call him Yεος, of Dεος, fear. Bernard saith well, God is to be feared as a Lord, honoured as a Father, loved as a spouse.…

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 8 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(13) Sanctify the Lord of hosts himself . . .—The words contain an implicit appeal to the revelation of the Divine Name in Isaiah 6:3. Had the prophet’s disciples entered into the meaning of that “Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord of hosts?” Had they learnt to sanctify Jehovah Sabaoth, to recognise the power of that infinite holiness?

Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 8 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

13. Render: Jehovah of Hosts, Him shall ye count holy, and let Him be (the object of) your fear and (of) your terror. “Count holy” (Isaiah 29:23); recognise as the Holy One, especially by absolute trust in His providential disposition of events; fearing only what would offend Him.

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 8 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Sanctify ... - Regard Yahweh as holy; that is, worship and honor him with pious fear and reverence. Regard him as the source of safety, and the true defense.

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 8 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

13. Sanctify, etc. — Regard Jehovah as immutably true. Let him be your fear — Literally, He is your fear and your dread; one whom alone you have true occasion to fear as your sovereign, and love as your protector.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 8 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

The LORD of Hosts is the One you shall regard as holy. Only He should be feared; only He should be dreaded.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Yahweh of Armies is who you must respect as holy. He is the one you must fear. He is the one you must dread.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

The LORD of Hosts is the One you shall regard as holy. Only He should be feared; only He should be dreaded.

NETBNew English Translation2006

You must recognize the authority of the Lord who commands armies. He is the one you must respect; he is the one you must fear.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Sanctify the LORD of hosts himself; and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Jehovah of hosts, him shall ye sanctify; and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread.

RVARevised Version, American1894

The LORD of hosts, him shall ye sanctify; and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Sanctify the LORD of hosts himself; and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Sanctifie the Lord of hostes, and let him be your feare, and let him be your dread,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Jehovah of hosts, him shall ye sanctify; and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Jehovah of Hosts — Him ye do sanctify, And He [is] your Fear, and He your Dread,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

YHWH of Hosts—Him you sanctify, || And He [is] your Fear, and He your Dread,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

The Lord of hosts, him shall ye sanctify; and let him be your fear, and let him be your terror.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

It is Yahweh of hosts whom you will honor as holy; he is the one you must fear, and he is the one you must dread.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Sanctify the Lord of hosts himself: and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The Lord Almighty is the one you should see as holy. He is the one you should fear, he is the one you should be in awe of.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

But let the Lord of armies be holy to you, and go in fear of him, giving honour to him.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclausenoun phraseאֶת(et)noun phraseיְהוָ֥הYahwehצְבָא֖וֹתof.hostsclausenoun phrase · objectאֹת֣וֹhimverbתַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּyou.will.regard.as.holyוְandclausesubjectה֥וּאhenoun phrase · predicateמוֹרַאֲbe].your.fearכֶ֖ם[willוְandclausesubjectה֥וּאhenoun phrase · predicateמַֽעֲרִֽצְ[willכֶֽםbe.the.one.whom].you.regard.with.awe

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: אֶת־ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֹת֣וֹ תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ וְה֥וּא מוֹרַאֲכֶ֖ם וְה֥וּא מַֽעֲרִֽצְכֶֽם׃. The Dead Sea Scrolls, particularly 1Qisaa, agree closely with the MT, confirming the wording and meaning.

The Septuagint matches 5 of the 9 words in the MT, indicating some alignment but also differences in structure and emphasis. The other Dead Sea Scrolls show similar agreements with the MT, though some words are restored by editors.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

אֶת־ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֹת֣וֹ תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּ וְה֥וּא מוֹרַאֲכֶ֖ם וְה֥וּא מַֽעֲרִֽצְכֶֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יְהוָ֥הκύριονאֹת֣וֹαὐτὸνתַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּἁγιάσατεוְה֥וּאαὐτὸςמוֹרַאֲכֶ֖םσου

5 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

את יהוה צבאות אות׳ו תקדישו והוא מורא׳כם והוא מערצ׳כם

9 words on the leather.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q59a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[את] [יהוה] צבאות את׳ו תקדישו [והוא] [מורא׳כם] [והוא] [מערצ׳כם]

2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q65a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[את] [יהוה] [צבאות] [את׳ו] תקדישו [והוא] מרא׳כם והוא מערצ׳כם

3 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 8:13אֵתthe object the object markאֵתיהוהYahwehYahwehיהוהצָבָאof hostsof hostsצָבָאאֵתthe object the object markאֵתקָדַשׁyou will reyou will regardקָדַשׁהוּאand heand heהוּאמוֹרָא[will be] f[will be] fear מוֹרָאהוּאand heand heהוּאעָרַץ[the] [one [the] [one whomעָרַץאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתהָיָהto beto beהָיָהצָבָאto serveto serveצָבָאיָרֵאto fearto fearיָרֵאמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁנְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻםטָמֵאuncleanuncleanטָמֵאעֵתtimetimeעֵתצָבָאarmyarmyצָבָאכֹּהthusthusכֹּהשַׁבָּתSabbathSabbathשַׁבָּתחָזָקstrongstrongחָזָקזְרוֹעַarmarmזְרוֹעַהָדָרglorygloryהָדָרגָּאוֹןprideprideגָּאוֹן
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 8:13

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

the object marker Yahweh of hosts the object marker him you will regard as holy and he [will be] fear your and he [the] [one whom] regard with awe you
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
DirObjM | Suff — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
the object marker Yahweh of hosts the object marker him you will regard as holy and he [will be] fear your and he [the] [one whom] regard with awe you
יְהוָ֥הYah.weh Yahweh H3068 Noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
Yehovah, The covenant Name of God
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
the object marker Yahweh of hosts the object marker him you will regard as holy and he [will be] fear your and he [the] [one whom] regard with awe you
צְבָא֖וֹתtze.va.'ot of hosts H6635 Noun common · feminine plural absolute
485× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a large group of people or things, often referring to an army or a campaign, and is also used to describe the Lord's hosts. It appears in the Bible as a name for God, emphasizing His power and authority. In the KJV, it's translated as 'host' or 'army'.
Amplified meaning
army, a large group of people or things
Tyndale gloss
army
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word צָבָא (*tsaba'*) primarily means 'army' or 'warfare,' encompassing organized groups for battle, divine hosts, and even celestial bodies. It can also refer to service or duty in a military context. The term appears in various forms, including צְבָאוֹת (*tsaba'ot*), which denotes the 'hosts' of the Lord, particularly in relation to God's role in warfare.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צָבָא 485 n.m. army, war, warfare

army, host

war, warfare, service

service

צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6635a צָבָא army, war, warfare . army, host

. war, warfare, service

. service

H6635b צְבָאוֹת army, war, warfare . army, host

. war, warfare, service

. service

. צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6635 tsaba' tsaw-baw'

or (feminine) tsbadah {tseb-aw-aw'}; from 6633; a mass of

persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized

for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or

figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship):--appointed

time, (+) army, (+) battle, company, host, service, soldiers,

waiting upon, war(-fare).

see HEBREW for 06633

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָבָא (tsa.va) — army.

: army

1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host

1a) army, host

1a1) host (of organised army)

1a2) host (of angels)

1a3) of sun, moon, and stars

1a4) of whole creation

1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war

1c) service

צָבָא (tsa.va) — Hosts.

The Hosts (of the Lord)

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

צָבָא (tsa.va) — army: war.

: war

1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host

1a) army, host

1a1) host (of organised army)

1a2) host (of angels)

1a3) of sun, moon, and stars

1a4) of whole creation

1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war

1c) service

צָבָא (tsa.va) — army: duty.

: duty

1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host

1a) army, host

1a1) host (of organised army)

1a2) host (of angels)

1a3) of sun, moon, and stars

1a4) of whole creation

1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war

1c) service

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cp — Noun common · feminine plural absolute
HNcfpa
the object marker Yahweh of hosts the object marker him you will regard as holy and he [will be] fear your and he [the] [one whom] regard with awe you
אֹת֣וֹ'o.To the object marker him H853 Particle · suffix
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo/Sp3ms — Particle · suffix
HTo/Sp3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
the object marker Yahweh of hosts the object marker him you will regard as holy and he [will be] fear your and he [the] [one whom] regard with awe you
תַקְדִּ֑ישׁוּtak.Di.shu you will regard as holy H6942 Verb · Hiphil · imperfect second person masculine plural
171× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To consecrate means to set something or someone apart as holy or sacred, like the priests in Exodus. This word is about making something clean or pure. It is used in the Bible to describe sacred rituals and moral purity.
Amplified meaning
consecrate, set apart as, sacred, having God's nature
Tyndale gloss
to consecrate: consecate
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word קָדַשׁ (qadash) is a verb meaning to consecrate or set apart as sacred. It encompasses various actions such as being hallowed, treated as sacred, or dedicated, and can refer to both people and things. The entries detail its use in different forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, Hiphil, and Hithpael, indicating a range of meanings from purification to separation from the unclean.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָדַשׁ vb. denom. be set apart, consecrated

Qal

be set apart, consecrated, hallowed

be hallowed, by contact with sacred things, and so tabooed from profane use, or forfeited to sancturay

consecrated, tabooed (supr.)

Niph.

shew oneself sacred, majestic

be honored or treated as sacred

be consecrated, dedicated

Pi.

set apart as sacred, consecrate, dedicate

observe as holy, keep sacred

honor as sacred, hallow

consecrate by purification

Pu. consecrated, dedicated

Hiph.

set apart, consecrate

regard or treat, as sacred, hallowed

consecrate by purification

Hithp.

keep oneself apart from unclean things

of God, cause himself to be hallowed

be observed as holy

consecrate oneself by purification, of priests and Levites

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6942 קָדַשׁ vb. denom. be set apart, consecrated .. be set apart, consecrated, hallowed

. be hallowed, by contact with sacred things, and so tabooed from profane use, or forfeited to sancturay

. consecrated, tabooed (supr.)

. . shew oneself sacred, majestic

. be honored or treated as sacred

. be consecrated, dedicated

. . set apart as sacred, consecrate, dedicate

. observe as holy, keep sacred

. honor as sacred, hallow

. consecrate by purification

. consecrated, dedicated

. . set apart, consecrate

. regard or treat, as sacred, hallowed

. consecrate by purification

. . keep oneself apart from unclean things

. of God, cause himself to be hallowed

. be observed as holy

. consecrate oneself by purification, of priests and Levites

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6942 qadash kaw-dash'

a primitive root; to be (causatively, make, pronounce or

observe as) clean (ceremonially or morally):--appoint, bid,

consecrate, dedicate, defile, hallow, (be, keep) holy(-er,

place), keep, prepare, proclaim, purify, sanctify(-ied one,

self), X wholly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָדַשׁ (qa.dash) — to consecrate: consecate.

: consecate/sanctify

1) to consecrate, sanctify, prepare, dedicate, be hallowed, be holy, be sanctified, be separate

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be set apart, be consecrated

1a2) to be hallowed

1a3) consecrated, tabooed

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to show oneself sacred or majestic

1b2) to be honoured, be treated as sacred

1b3) to be holy

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to set apart as sacred, consecrate, dedicate

1c2) to observe as holy, keep sacred

1c3) to honour as sacred, hallow

1c4) to consecrate

1d) (Pual)

1d1) to be consecrated

1d2) consecrated, dedicated

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to set apart, devote, consecrate

1e2) to regard or treat as sacred or hallow

1e3) to consecrate

1f) (Hithpael)

1f1) to keep oneself apart or separate

1f2) to cause Himself to be hallowed (of God)

1f3) to be observed as holy

1f4) to consecrate oneself

קָדַשׁ (qa.dash) — to consecrate: dedicate.

: dedicate

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect second person masculine plural
HVhi2mp
the object marker Yahweh of hosts the object marker him you will regard as holy and he [will be] fear your and he [the] [one whom] regard with awe you
וְה֥וּאve.Hu' and he H1931 Conjunction · pronoun
1,879× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Tyndale gloss
he/she/it
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

It resumes the subj. with emph.

Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

As an emph. predicate, of God

In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

. It resumes the subj. with emph.

. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

. As an emph. predicate, of God

. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1931 huw' hoo

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a

primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or

it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also

(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;

sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally

(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),

it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,

this, those, which (is), who.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.

pron 3p s

1) he, she, it

1a) himself (with emphasis)

1b) resuming subj with emphasis

1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)

1d) (anticipating subj)

1e) (emphasising predicate)

1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron

2) that (with article)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Pron — Conjunction · pronoun
HC/Pp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ha: The fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet; transliterated in this Encyclopedia as "h." It came also to be used for the number 5. For name, etc., see ALPHABET.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
the object marker Yahweh of hosts the object marker him you will regard as holy and he [will be] fear your and he [the] [one whom] regard with awe you
מוֹרַאֲכֶ֖םmo.ra.'a.Khem [will be] fear your H4172 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Fear or terror, this word is used in the Bible to describe a feeling of awe or dread, often in response to God's power or presence. It is used in the book of Isaiah to describe the fear of God.
Amplified meaning
inspire awe, reverence
Tyndale gloss
fear
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוֹרָא (mowra') refers to fear, terror, and reverence, often in relation to God or awe-inspiring events. It can denote both a feeling of dread and an object of reverence. The related form מוֹרָה (morah) likely means to appoint terror, emphasizing the exhibition of power. The entries consistently highlight these themes without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוֹרָא n.m. fear

fear, terror

reverence

object of reverence, esp. God

awe-inspiring spectacle or deed

base

מוֹרָה n.[m.] ψ 9:21, prob. appoint terror (i.e. some awe-inspiring exhibition of power) for them

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4172a מוֹרָא fear . fear, terror

. reverence

. object of reverence, esp. God

. awe-inspiring spectacle or deed

H4172b מוֹרָה prob. appoint terror (i.e. some awe-inspiring exhibition of power) for them

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4172 mowra' mo-raw'

or morat {mo-raw'}; or morah (Psa. 9:20) {mo-raw'}; from

3372; fear; by implication, a fearful thing or deed:--dread,

(that ought to be) fear(-ed), terribleness, terror.

see HEBREW for 03372

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוֹרָא (mo.ra) — fear.

1) fear, reverence, terror

1a) fear, terror

1b) reverence

1c) object of reverence

1d) awe-inspiring spectacle or deed

Also means: mo.rah (מוֹרָה "fear" H4172B)

מוֹרָה (mo.rah) — fear.

appoint terror (i.e. some awe-inspiring exhibition of power)

Another spelling of mo.ra (מוֹרָא "fear" H4172A)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp2mp
the object marker Yahweh of hosts the object marker him you will regard as holy and he [will be] fear your and he [the] [one whom] regard with awe you
וְה֥וּאve.Hu' and he H1931 Conjunction · pronoun
1,879× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Tyndale gloss
he/she/it
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

It resumes the subj. with emph.

Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

As an emph. predicate, of God

In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

. It resumes the subj. with emph.

. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

. As an emph. predicate, of God

. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1931 huw' hoo

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a

primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or

it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also

(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;

sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally

(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),

it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,

this, those, which (is), who.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.

pron 3p s

1) he, she, it

1a) himself (with emphasis)

1b) resuming subj with emphasis

1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)

1d) (anticipating subj)

1e) (emphasising predicate)

1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron

2) that (with article)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Pron — Conjunction · pronoun
HC/Pp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ha: The fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet; transliterated in this Encyclopedia as "h." It came also to be used for the number 5. For name, etc., see ALPHABET.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
the object marker Yahweh of hosts the object marker him you will regard as holy and he [will be] fear your and he [the] [one whom] regard with awe you
מַֽעֲרִֽצְכֶֽם׃Ma.'a.Ritz.Khem [the] [one whom] regard with awe you H6206 Verb hiphil participle (active) masculine singular common · suffix
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To tremble or dread means to feel fear or be terrified, like being in awe of something or someone, as described in various Bible stories.
Amplified meaning
tremble with fear, be terrified
Tyndale gloss
to tremble
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָרַץ (arats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cause to tremble or to feel dread. It encompasses a range of meanings, including inspiring awe, being terrified, and treating something with reverence. The word appears in various forms, such as intransitive and causative, indicating both the act of trembling and the ability to instill fear or awe in others.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עָרַץ] vb. cause to tremble, tremble (in terror, or awe)

Qal

cause to tremble (i.e. strike with awe)

intrans. tremble, feel dread

Niph. terrible in the company of the holy ones

Hiph.

regard, or treat, with awe, as awful

inspire with awe

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6206 עָרַץ cause to tremble, tremble (in terror, or awe) .. cause to tremble (i.e. strike with awe)

. intrans. tremble, feel dread

. terrible in the company of the holy ones

. . regard, or treat, with awe, as awful

. inspire with awe

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6206 `arats aw-rats'

a primitive root; to awe or (intransitive) to dread; hence,

to harass:--be affrighted (afraid, dread, feared, terrified),

break, dread, fear, oppress, prevail, shake terribly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָרַץ (a.rats) — to tremble.

1) to tremble, dread, fear, oppress, prevail, break, be terrified, cause to tremble

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to cause to tremble, terrify

1b2) to tremble, feel dread

1b) (Niphal) to be awesome, be terrible

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to regard or treat with awe, regard or treat as awful

1c2) to inspire with awe, terrify

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil | Suff — Verb hiphil participle (active) masculine singular common · suffix
HVhrmsc/Sp2mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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