Judges 5:10 — Word Study
WLCרֹכְבֵי֩ אֲתֹנ֨וֹת צְחֹר֜וֹת יֹשְׁבֵ֧י עַל־ מִדִּ֛ין וְהֹלְכֵ֥י עַל־ דֶּ֖רֶךְ שִֽׂיחוּ׃
BSAYou who riderâkab [on the backs of] whitetsâchôr△ [tawny, light brown] donkeysʼâthôwn who sityâshab [dwell, remain] onʻal saddle blanketsmad [rich carpets, garments] and you who travelhâlak [go, walk] the roadderek [way, path] pondersîyach [meditate, think deeply, muse]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| רֹכְבֵי֩ | O riders of | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| אֲתֹנ֨וֹת | female donkeys | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| צְחֹר֜וֹת | tawny | Adj |
| יֹשְׁבֵ֧י | O [you who] sit | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| עַל־ | on | Preposition |
| מִדִּ֛ין | cloth garments | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וְהֹלְכֵ֥י | and O walkers | Conjunction, verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common |
| עַל־ | on | Preposition |
| דֶּ֖רֶךְ | [the] road | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| שִֽׂיחוּ׃ | tell out | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | You who ride white donkeys, who sit on saddle blankets, and you who travel the road, ponder |
| KJV | Speak, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment, and walk by the way. |
| ASV | Tell of it, ye that ride on white asses, Ye that sit on rich carpets, And ye that walk by the way. |
| YLT | Riders on white asses — Sitters on a long robe — And walkers by the way — meditate! |
| WEB | “Speak, you who ride on white donkeys, you who sit on rich carpets, and you who walk by the way. |
| BBE | Let them give thought to it, who go on white asses, and those who are walking on the road. |
The translations agree on the meaning of שִֽׂיחוּ as a call to reflect.
The structure presents a series of participial phrases leading to an imperative, emphasizing the actions of the subjects before calling them to reflect.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbרָכַב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Judges 5:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Song of Deborahgenerated
Judges 5:10 is part of a poetic celebration of Israel's victory over their enemies, led by Deborah. She calls upon those who enjoy comfort and travel to reflect on their circumstances and the deeds of the Lord. This passage highlights the importance of remembering and acknowledging God's actions in Israel's history, as it sets the tone for the celebration of divine deliverance.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 105:2 | Sing to Him, sing praises to Him; tell of all His wonders. |
| 2 | Psalm 145:5–11 | the glorious splendor of Your majesty. And I will meditate on Your wondrous works. |
| 3 | Judges 10:4 | He had thirty sons who rode on thirty donkeys. And they had thirty towns in the land of Gilead, which to this day are called Havvoth-jair. |
| 4 | Judges 12:14 | He had forty sons and thirty grandsons, who rode on seventy donkeys. And he judged Israel eight years. |
| 5 | Psalm 107:32 | Let them exalt Him in the assembly of the people and praise Him in the council of the elders. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שִֽׂיחוּ, Si.chugenerated
The word שִׂיחַ (siyach) is a verb meaning to muse or think deeply. It implies a thoughtful reflection or conversation, often with oneself or aloud. The imperative form here calls the listeners to engage in deep contemplation about their lives and the recent events surrounding them.
This word carries nuances of communication, suggesting that pondering is not just a silent activity but can involve expressing thoughts and feelings, particularly in the context of reflecting on God's actions.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations of this verse agree on the meaning of שִֽׂיחוּ as ponder, meditate, or think deeply.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of three clauses, each addressing a different group: those who ride, those who sit, and those who walk. The finite verbs are רֹכְבֵי֩ (ro.khe.Vei), יֹשְׁבֵ֧י (yo.she.Vei), and הֹלְכֵ֥י (ve.ho.le.Khei), creating a parallel structure that emphasizes the roles of these individuals.
The use of participles for the verbs indicates ongoing action, suggesting that these groups are characterized by their activities, which Deborah wants them to reflect upon.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates רֹכְבֵי֩ as ἐπιβεβηκότες, which carries the meaning of those who have mounted or ridden. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but adds a sense of completion to the action.
The Greek word for שִֽׂיחוּ is not directly provided, but the overall translation reflects the Hebrew's call for contemplation.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Judges 5:10 calls out to those who ride donkeys, sit on blankets, and walk the road, urging them to think deeply about their lives and the events surrounding them. This verse is part of Deborah's song, celebrating Israel's victory and encouraging reflection on God's deeds.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To ponder means to think deeply about something, reflecting on the significance of events and actions.
Riding donkeys symbolizes a position of comfort and status, contrasting with the call to reflect on the responsibilities that come with such positions.
This verse emphasizes the need for reflection on God's deliverance and the responsibilities of the people in light of His actions.
We can learn the importance of self-reflection and considering our actions in relation to God's work in our lives.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to reflect more deeply about my actions and their consequences?
- How can I encourage others to think about their roles and responsibilities in our community?
- What does it mean for me to be a 'walker' on the road of life, and how can I navigate it wisely?
- How can I incorporate moments of reflection into my daily routine to better understand my path?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Judges 5:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleSpeak, ye that ride on white asses,.... Though in some countries, as in ours, it is reckoned disgraceful to ride on asses; so Leo Africanus (b) makes mention of a preacher in Africa, who was called
Read John Gill on Judges 5 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySpeak, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment, and walk by the way. Speak, ye that ride on white asses - i:e., join in this song of praise. [ 'ªtonowt (H860) tsªchorowt (H6715), bright shining she-asses (cf.
Read Robert Jamieson on Judges 5 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleSpeak; celebrate the praises of our mighty God, whose hand hath done this. Ye that ride on white asses, i.e. magistrates and nobles, who used to do so, 12:14; horses being in a manner forbidden there, . Ye that walk by the way, i.e. you that now can safely travel about your business in those highways, which before you durst neither ride nor walk in. So great and mean persons are jointly excited to praise God.
Read Matthew Poole on Judges 5 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJudges 5:10 Speak, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment, and walk by the way.Ver. 10. Speak, ye that ride on white asses.] Ye nobles and circuit judges; ye merchants and marketmen, that while durst not be seen abroad for Tories and cut throats, speak out God’ s worthy praises for the re-enjoyment of your pristine privileges, that your Malvoy is now become a Salvoy.
Read John Trapp on Judges 5 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) Speak.—Rather, Think of it. or, perhaps, “Meditate the song.” It is placed in the original in far more forcible position at the end of the verse. Ye that ride on white asses.—That is, nobles and wealthy (Judges 10:4; Judges 12:14). The word can hardly mean “white,” because there are no such things as white asses. It means rather “bright-coloured” (Ezekiel 27:18), “glossy-skinned,” or “dappled” (super nitentes asinos, Vulg.). These were the more valuable sort of asses, and were used by the rich and great. It is only because this was not understood among the Greeks and Romans, who despised the ass, that the LXX. and Josephus so often disguise the word in writing for Gentiles, using…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Judges 5 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. Ye that ride on white asses] Perhaps אתנות צחרות athonoth tsechoroth should be rendered sleek or well-fed asses; rendered asinos nitentes, shining asses, by the Vulgate. Ye that sit in judgment] ישבי על מדין yoshebey al middin; some have rendered this, ye who dwell in Middin. This was a place in the tribe of Judah, and is mentioned Joshua 15:61. And walk by the way.] Persons who go from place to place for the purposes of traffic.
Read AdamClarke on Judges 5 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. In this most obscure verse the poet is generally supposed to call upon various classes of Israelites to take their share in celebrating the victory. Tell of it] So LXX, Vulgate The verb means talk (against) Psalms 69:12, or speak (to) Job 12:8, but properly to meditate upon, muse Psalms 105:2; Psalms 145:5 etc.; it does not occur in early literature (Genesis 24:63 is textually doubtful). The word is corrupt. ye that ride on white asses] more exactly, as the Arabic shews, tawny, reddish-grey, asses, i.e. choice animals such as would be ridden by persons of dignity; the leading men in ancient Israel used to ride on asses, just as members of the ruling house in Zanzibar, and as the sheikhs…
Read Cambridge on Judges 5 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleYe that ride on white donkeys ... - i. e. nobles or magistrates. Deborah appeals to the classes mentioned in Judges 5:6-7, to bear witness to the happy change that had followed the overthrow of Jabin.
Read Albert Barnes on Judges 5 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
You who ride white donkeys, who sit on saddle blankets, and you who travel the road, ponder
“Speak, you who ride on white donkeys, you who sit on rich carpets, and you who walk by the way.
You who ride white donkeys, who sit on saddle blankets, and you who travel the road, ponder
You who ride on light-colored female donkeys, who sit on saddle blankets, you who walk on the road, pay attention!
Tyndale line
Speak, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment, and walk by the way.
Tell of it, ye that ride on white asses, Ye that sit on rich carpets, And ye that walk by the way.
Tell of it, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit on rich carpets, and ye that walk by the way.
Speak, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment, and walk by the way.
Speake ye that ride on white asses, yee that dwel by Middin, and that walke by the way.
Strictly literal
Ye that ride on white she-asses, ye that sit on carpets, and ye that walk by the way, consider.
Riders on white asses — Sitters on a long robe — And walkers by the way — meditate!
Riders on white donkeys—Sitters on a long robe—And walkers by the way—meditate!
Ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment, and ye who walk on the way, utter praise!
Think about this—you who ride on white donkeys sitting on rugs for saddles, and you who walk along the road.
From the Latin
Speak, you that ride upon fair asses, and you that sit in judgment, and walk in the way.
Simplified
You people riding white donkeys, sitting on comfortable blankets, traveling down the road, notice
Let them give thought to it, who go on white asses, and those who are walking on the road.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint are largely in agreement, with 9 of the 10 words matched. The Septuagint's word order and articles differ, but the essential message remains consistent.
רֹכְבֵי֩ אֲתֹנ֨וֹת צְחֹר֜וֹת יֹשְׁבֵ֧י עַל־ מִדִּ֛ין וְהֹלְכֵ֥י עַל־ דֶּ֖רֶךְ שִֽׂיחוּ׃
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Judges 5:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רָכַב (rakab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to ride, mount, or sit upon something, typically an animal or vehicle. It can also imply causing someone or something to ride or draw, as in plowing. The entries highlight its use in various forms, including a participle for 'rider' and figurative expressions.
רָכַב vb. mount and ride, ride
Qal
mount, mount and sit or ride
ride, be riding
pt., as subst., rider
Hiph.
cause to (mount and) ride
cause to draw (plough, etc.)
fig. cause hand to ride upon (grasp) bow
base
H7392 רָכַב mount and ride, ride .. mount, mount and sit or ride
. ride, be riding
. pt., as subst., rider
. . cause to (mount and) ride
. cause to draw (plough, etc.)
. fig. cause hand to ride upon (grasp) bow
7392 rakab raw-kab'
a primitive root; to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle);
causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to
despatch:--bring (on (horse-)back), carry, get (oneself) up,
on (horse-)back, put, (cause to, make to) ride (in a chariot,
on, -r), set.
רָכַב (ra.khav) — to ride.
1) to mount and ride, ride
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to mount, mount and sit or ride
1a2) to ride, be riding
1a3) rider (subst)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to ride, cause to (mount and) ride
1b2) to cause to draw (plough, etc)
1b3) to cause to ride upon (fig)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word אָתוֹן (*'athown*) means 'she-ass' or 'she-donkey.' It is derived from a root related to patience, suggesting docility. The entries consistently define it as a female donkey without significant disagreement among lexicons.
אָתוֹן n.f. she-ass
base
H860 אָתוֹן she-ass
860 'athown aw-thone'
probably from the same as 386 (in the sense of patience); a
female donkey (from its docility):--(she) ass.
see HEBREW for 0386
אָתוֹן (a.ton) — she-ass.
she-ass, she-donkey
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
צָחֹר (tsachor) is an adjective meaning 'tawny' or 'white.' It is derived from a related root and appears in the context of Judges 5:10. The entries consistently describe the color without significant disagreement.
[צָחֹר] adj. tawny;—fpl. Ju 5:10.
ref
H6715 צָחֹר
6715 tsachor tsaw-khore'
from the same as 6713; white:--white.
see HEBREW for 06713
צָחֹר (tsa.chor) — tawny.
tawny
Adj — AdjHAafpa
יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.
יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell
Qal
sit
sit, sit down
sit down
sit = be set (as a jewel)
remain, stay, tarry
with special emphasis of qualifying phr.
dwell, have one’s abode
of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited
Niph. be inhabited, of land
Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee
Hiph.
cause to sit
cause to abide
cause to dwell
cause cities to be inhabited
marry (prop. give a dwelling to)
Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land
base
H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell
3427 yashab yaw-shab'
a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as
judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to
remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)
abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease
self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)
inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),
(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),
(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),
take, tarry.
יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.
1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sit, sit down
1a2) to be set
1a3) to remain, stay
1a4) to dwell, have one's abode
1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited
1c) (Piel) to set, place
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to sit
1d2) to cause to abide, set
1d3) to cause to dwell
1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited
1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be inhabited
1e2) to make to dwell
Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
מַד (mad) refers to a measure or extent, particularly in terms of height or size. It can denote a garment, cloth, or carpet, and is associated with concepts like raiment and stature. The entries suggest it encompasses both physical measurements and clothing items.
[מַד] n.m. measure, also cloth garment (as extended, wide)
base
H4055 מַד, מֵד
4055 mad mad
or med {made}; from 4058; properly, extent, i.e. height; also
a measure; by implication, a vesture (as measured); also a
carpet:--armour, clothes, garment, judgment, measure,
raiment, stature.
see HEBREW for 04058
מַד (mad) — garment.
1) measure, cloth garment
1a) measure
1b) cloth, carpet
1c) garment (outer)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The chief garments of the Hebrews were the tunic or inner garment, and the mantle or outer garment. These seem to have constituted a "change of Rainment," Jud 14:13 19:1-30 Ac 9:39. The tunic was of linen, and was worn next to the skin, fitting close to the body; it had armholes, and sometimes wide and open sleeves, and reached below the knees; that worn by females reached to the ankles. The tunic was sometimes woven without seam, like that of Jesus, Joh 19:23. The upper garment or mantle was a piece of cloth nearly square, and two or three yards in length and breadth, which was wrapped round the body, or tied over the shoulders. A man without this robe on was sometimes said to be "naked,"
הָלַךְ (halak) means 'to go,' 'come,' or 'walk,' and covers a wide range of literal and figurative uses, including aspects of life and death. It can describe physical movement, moral conduct, and even influence on character. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances like leading or traversing.
הָלַךְ 1546 vb. go, come, walk
Qal Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך
lit.
of persons
Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations
in like manner of inanimate things
The inf. abs. is often used
as in other vbs., quite independently
to intensify meaning of finite form
most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs.
with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance
with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)
in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. adj. denoting progress, advance
twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion
quite by itself
13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.
akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.
In combination with other verbal forms
Fig.; the most common uses follow; in most the origin in a literal meaning is evident:
pass away, die
H1980 הָלַךְ go, come, walk .Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך . lit. . of persons
. Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations
. in like manner of inanimate things
. The inf. abs. is often used . as in other vbs., quite independently
. to intensify meaning of finite form
. most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs. . with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance
. with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)
. in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. + adj. denoting progress, advance
. twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion
. quite by itself
. 13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.
. akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.
. In combination with other verbal forms
1980 halak haw-lak'
akin to 3212; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety
of applications, literally and figuratively):--(all) along,
apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant,
depart, + be eased, enter, exercise (self), + follow, forth,
forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on,
out, up and down), + greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead,
march, X more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away),
be at the point, quite, run (along), + send, speedily, spread,
still, surely, + tale-bearer, + travel(-ler), walk (abroad,
on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax,
(way-)faring man, X be weak, whirl.
see HEBREW for 03212
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: went.
: went/go[away]
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
1c2) to walk about
1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: come.
: come[nearer]
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
1c2) to walk about
1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: walk.
: walk/move
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
Conj | V-Qal — Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine plural commonHC/Vqrmpc
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HR — PrepositionHR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
דֶּ֫רֶךְ (derek) means way, road, or journey, and can refer to both literal paths and figurative courses of life or actions. It encompasses various aspects such as direction, manner, and moral character, often highlighting the nature of one's conduct. The term is used in both positive and negative contexts, reflecting the moral implications of one's path.
דֶּ֫רֶךְ 715 n.m. way, road, distance, journey, manner
way, road, path
journey
of direction, almost or quite = toward
way, manner
fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings
of moral action and character
of duty
specif.: in good sense
oftener in bad sense
way of י׳
base
H1870 דֶּ֫רֶךְ way, road, distance, journey, manner . way, road, path
. journey
. of direction, almost or quite = toward
. way, manner
. fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings
. . of moral action and character
. of duty
. specif.: in good sense
. oftener in bad sense
. way of י׳
1870 derek deh'-rek
from 1869; a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of
life or mode of action, often adverb:--along, away, because
of, + by, conversation, custom, (east-)ward, journey, manner,
passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-)way(-side),
whither(-soever).
see HEBREW for 01869
דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: conduct.
: conduct/lifestyle
1) way, road, distance, journey, manner
1a) road, way, path
1b) journey
1c) direction
1d) manner, habit, way
1e) of course of life (fig.)
1f) of moral character (fig.)
דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — Way.
This name means way, road
דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — (King's) Highway.
This name means way, road
Combined with me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "King's" H4428I)
דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: direction.
: direction
1) way, road, distance, journey, manner
1a) road, way, path
1b) journey
1c) direction
1d) manner, habit, way
1e) of course of life (fig.)
1f) of moral character (fig.)
דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: road.
: road/route
1) way, road, distance, journey, manner
1a) road, way, path
1b) journey
1c) direction
1d) manner, habit, way
1e) of course of life (fig.)
1f) of moral character (fig.)
דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: journey.
: journey
N-cs — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
Road
(1 Sam. 27:10; R.V., “raid”), an inroad, an incursion. This word is never used in Scripture in the sense of a way or path.
This word occurs but once in the Authorized Version of the Bible, viz. in (1 Samuel 37:10) where it is used in the sense of "raid" or "inroad." Where a travelled road is meant "path" or "way" is used, since the eastern roads are more like our paths.
שִׂיחַ (siyach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to muse or complain, encompassing a range of actions such as talking, singing, and meditating. It can imply conversing with oneself or aloud, and includes nuances of pondering and declaring thoughts. The entries consistently highlight its use in contexts of communication and reflection.
שִׂיחַ vb. denom. muse, complain, poet. talk (of)
Qal
complain
muse
talk (about), sing (of)
talk (with)
Pôl‛el meditate, consider
base
H7878 שִׂיחַ vb. denom. muse, complain, poet. talk of
7878 siyach see'-akh
a primitive root; to ponder, i.e. (by implication) converse
(with oneself, and hence, aloud) or (transitively) utter:--
commune, complain, declare, meditate, muse, pray, speak, talk
(with).
שִׂיחַ (si.ach) — to muse.
1) to put forth, mediate, muse, commune, speak, complain, ponder, sing
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to complain
1a2) to muse, meditate upon, study, ponder
1a3) to talk, sing, speak
1b) (Polel) to meditate, consider, put forth thoughts
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine pluralHVqv2mp