Judges 5:11 — Word Study

Depth

WLCמִקּ֣וֹל מְחַֽצְצִ֗ים בֵּ֚ין מַשְׁאַבִּ֔ים שָׁ֤ם יְתַנּוּ֙ צִדְק֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה צִדְקֹ֥ת פִּרְזֹנ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אָ֛ז יָרְד֥וּ לַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים עַם־ יְהוָֽה׃

BSAthe voicesqôwl [sounds of joy, shouts of triumph] of the singerschâtsats atbêyn the watering placesmashʼâb△ [by the wells, where people gather] Thereshâm they shall recounttânâh▸ [tell again, celebrate] the righteous actstsᵉdâqâh [just deeds, virtuous works] of the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, the covenant God] the righteous deedstsᵉdâqâh [just actions, moral excellence] of His villagerspᵉrâzôwn [rural people, inhabitants of unwalled towns] in IsraelYisrâʼêl [the descendants of Jacob, God's chosen people] Thenʼâz the peopleʻam [nation, community] of the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, the sovereign God] went downyârad■ [descended, came forth] to the gatesshaʻar [city entrances, places of gathering]

Word

Listen & take awayJudges 5

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The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 11 is in this chapter.

Hebrew ↓ Download MP3

The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..

Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Yah.weh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.

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Judges 5:11quick helps

In a sentenceThe singers celebrate the righteous acts of the LORD at the watering places, where the people gather.

Who is speakingThe narrator recounts the song of Deborah and Barak.

Where we areThis verse is part of a song celebrating victory and divine intervention.

The hard wordיְתַנּוּ, ye.ta.Nu

Take awayThe recounting of God's righteousness is central to the community's identity.

Greek	English	Parsing
מִקּ֣וֹל	from [the] sound of	Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct
מְחַֽצְצִ֗ים	archers	Verb, Piel, participle (active) masculine plural
בֵּ֚ין	between	Prep
מַשְׁאַבִּ֔ים	[the] places for drawing water	Noun common, masculine plural absolute
שָׁ֤ם	there	Adverb
יְתַנּוּ֙	they will recount	Verb, Piel, imperfect third person masculine plural
צִדְק֣וֹת	[the] righteousness of	Noun common, feminine plural construct
יְהוָ֔ה	Yahweh	Noun proper
צִדְקֹ֥ת	[the] righteousness of	Noun common, feminine plural construct
פִּרְזֹנ֖וֹ	rural people his	Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	in Israel	Preposition, noun proper
אָ֛ז	then	Adverb
יָרְד֥וּ	they went down	Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural
לַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים	to the gates	Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute
עַם־	[the] people of	Noun common, masculine singular construct
יְהוָֽה׃	Yahweh	Noun proper

Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.

8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbחָצַץ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›

How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 16 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Judges 5:11

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Song of Deborahgenerated

10You who ride white donkeys, who sit on saddle blankets, and you who travel the road, ponder

11the voices of the singers at the watering places. There they shall recount the righteous acts of the LORD, the righteous deeds of His villagers in Israel. Then the people of the LORD went down to the gates:

12‘Awake, awake, O Deborah! Awake, awake, sing a song! Arise, O Barak, and take hold of your captives, O son of Abinoam!’

13Then the survivors came down to the nobles; the people of the LORD came down to me against the mighty.

Judges 5:11 is part of the song sung by Deborah and Barak after their victory over Sisera. This song reflects on the acts of the LORD and the bravery of the people of Israel. It emphasizes the importance of remembering and celebrating God's deeds, particularly in communal gatherings at places like watering holes, where stories and praises are shared.

Cross References

	Reference	Text (BSB)
1	Lamentations 5:4–9	We must buy the water we drink; our wood comes at a price.
2	Genesis 26:20–22	But the herdsmen of Gerar quarreled with Isaac’s herdsmen and said, “The water is ours!” So he named the well Esek, because they contended with him.
3	Exodus 2:17–19	And when some shepherds came along and drove them away, Moses rose up to help them and watered their flock.
4	Isaiah 12:3	With joy you will draw water from the springs of salvation,
5	1 Samuel 12:7	Now present yourselves, so that I may confront you before the LORD with all the righteous acts He has done for you and your fathers.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

the noiseLamentations 5:4–9

in the placesGenesis 26:20–22 Exodus 2:17–19 Isaiah 12:3

righteous acts1 Samuel 12:7 Psalm 145:7 Micah 6:5

go downDeuteronomy 22:24 Job 29:7 Isaiah 28:6 Jeremiah 7:2

Nave’s Topical Bible — the subjects this verse is filed under

EpicDeborah's songPraiseOf Deborah, after defeating the CanaanitesGodRighteousness OfArmiesTactics, March in ranksCountryLove OfDeborah2. The prophetess, a judge of IsraelBarakA judge in IsraelPsalmsSong of Deborah, celebrating Israel's victory over SiseraSongWarJudge4. Deborah

The Key Word — יְתַנּוּ, ye.ta.Nugenerated

The verb תָּנָה (tanah) means 'to recount' or 'to tell again,' emphasizing the act of remembering and celebrating significant events. It is a Piel form, which often indicates an intensive action, suggesting that the recounting is done with enthusiasm and purpose.

This word captures the essence of communal memory, where the people come together to honor the righteous acts of the LORD. The use of this verb in the context of a song highlights its celebratory nature, inviting the community to reflect on their shared history and divine deliverance.

How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In this study, the verse is read in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses they will recount for יְתַנּוּ.

Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse is structured around the finite verb יְתַנּוּ, they will recount, which governs the main action of the sentence. This verb is followed by a series of phrases that elaborate on where and what is being recounted.

The placement of שָׁם (sham, 'there') at the beginning of the second clause emphasizes the location of the recounting, which is at the watering places, a significant communal gathering spot.

Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יְתַנּוּ as δώσουσιν (dōsousin), meaning 'they will give.' This choice shifts the focus slightly from merely recounting to an active giving of praise, suggesting a communal offering of thanks.

This translation indicates a broader interpretation, emphasizing the act of sharing and giving voice to the community's gratitude for God's righteous acts.

In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Judges 5:11 describes how the voices of singers at the watering places celebrate the righteous acts of the LORD. It emphasizes the importance of remembering these deeds, especially by the villagers in Israel, and concludes with the people of the LORD going down to the gates.

Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to recount the righteous acts of the LORD?

To recount the righteous acts of the LORD means to remember and celebrate His deeds, acknowledging His justice and mercy in the history of Israel.

Why are the watering places significant in this context?

Watering places were communal gathering spots where people came together, making them ideal locations for sharing stories and celebrating victories.

What role do the villagers play in this verse?

The villagers are highlighted as the ones who remember and recount the acts of the LORD, emphasizing their connection to the community and God's deliverance.

How does this verse reflect the community's identity?

This verse reflects the community's identity by showing how they come together to remember and celebrate their shared history and God's faithfulness.

Reflection Questionsgenerated

How can I celebrate and recount the good things God has done in my life?
What role does community play in remembering and honoring God's deeds?
In what ways can I encourage others to share their stories of God's faithfulness?
How does reflecting on past victories strengthen our faith as a community?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Jerome references this verse to discuss the people's descent to the gates, emphasizing their leadership and gathering at significant locations.

JeromeJudges 5:11 c. 347–420

Then the people of the Lord went down to the gates and obtained the leadership. The people of the Lord went down to the gates, that is, to the gates of the house of the Lord,

Early Church Fathers on Judges 5 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Judges 5:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

They that are delivered from the noise of archers in the place of drawing water,.... Meaning either the army of the Israelites, delivered from the archers of Sisera's host at the river Kishon; or

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Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

They that are delivered from the noise of archers in the places of drawing water, there shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the LORD, even the righteous acts toward the inhabitants of his

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Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

From the noise of archers; either, 1. From the noise or sound, and consequently the force of those arrows which are shot at them; but she names the noise, because this epithet is frequently given to bows and arrows in poetical writings. Or, 2. From the triumphant noise and shout of archers rejoicing when they meet with their prey. In the places of drawing water; at those pits or springs of water, which were scarce and precious in those hot countries, to which the people’ s necessities forced them oft to resort, and nigh unto which the archers did usually lurk in woods, or thickets, or hedges, that from thence they might shoot at them, and kill and spoil them. When they come to those places…

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John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Judges 5:11 [They that are delivered] from the noise of archers in the places of drawing water, there shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the LORD, [even] the righteous acts [toward the inhabitants] of his villages in Israel: then shall the people of the LORD go down to the gates.Ver. 11. In the places of drawing water.] The water bearers that erst could not draw water, but with the hazard of their lives or liberties, are now freed of that fear. There shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord.] Not sing filthy songs and ballads, the scurf of scald heads, as one caileth them, but spiritual songs to God’ s glory, and their mutual edification. In the primitive times, happy was…

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Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(11) They that are delivered from the noise of archers in the places of drawing water.—This is usually explained to mean that in the time of oppression the shepherds and the women could not go to the wells to draw water without being disturbed by the enemy’s archers; and the construction in that case is changed in the middle of the verse, to remind them that they can now sing God’s praises by the safe well-sides. The meaning is highly uncertain. The “they that are delivered” is a conjectural addition of our version. The Hebrew only has “from the noise.” The Vulgate renders it, “where the chariots clashed together, and the army of the enemy was strangled.” The LXX. (some MSS.) connect the…

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AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 11. In the places of drawing water] As wells were very scarce in every part of the East, and travellers in such hot countries must have water, robbers and banditti generally took their stations near tanks, pools, and springs, in order that they might suddenly fall upon those who came to drink; and when the country was badly governed, annoyances of this kind were very frequent. The victory gained now by the Israelites put the whole country under their own government, and the land was cleansed from such marauders. Dr. Shaw, in his account of the sea-coast of the Mauritania Caesariensis, page 20, mentions a beautiful rill of water that runs into a basin of Roman workmanship, called shrub…

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CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

11. Another most obscure verse. Far from] The prep. (a single letter in Hebr.) is suspicious; omitting it we may render The voice of the archers …!, or Hark! the archers …, resting after battle by the cool, shaded wells which are a favourite place of resort in the East. The word for archers, however, is uncertain; Budde conjectures Hark! how merry they are …! (the word as in Exodus 32:6); places of drawing water as well as archers, only here. There shall they rehearse] i.e. where the people congregate: the verb occurs once again with a somewhat similar meaning in Judges 11:40 of celebrating the daughter of Jephthah. the righteous acts of the Lord] His justice displayed in delivering His…

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Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The sense of the King James Version is that, whereas formerly they could not go in safety to draw water from their wells, but were shot at by the archers of the enemy, now they were delivered from

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The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

the voices of the singers at the watering places. There they shall recount the righteous acts of the LORD, the righteous deeds of His villagers in Israel. Then the people of the LORD went down to the gates:

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Far from the noise of archers, in the places of drawing water, there they will rehearse Yahweh’s righteous acts, the righteous acts of his rule in Israel. “Then Yahweh’s people went down to the gates.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

NETBNew English Translation2006

Hear the sound of those who divide the sheep among the watering places; there they tell of the Lord’s victorious deeds, the victorious deeds of his warriors in Israel. Then the Lord’s people went down to the city gates –

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

They that are delivered from the noise of archers in the places of drawing water, there shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the LORD, even the righteous acts toward the inhabitants of his villages in Israel: then shall the people of the LORD go down to the gates.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Far from the noise of archers, in the places of drawing water, There shall they rehearse the righteous acts of Jehovah, Even the righteous acts of his rule in Israel. Then the people of Jehovah went down to the gates.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Far from the noise of archers, in the places of drawing water, there shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the LORD, even the righteous acts of his rule in Israel. Then the people of the LORD went down to the gates.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

They that are delivered from the noise of archers in the places of drawing water, there shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the LORD, even the righteous acts towards the inhabitants of his villages in Israel: then shall the people of the LORD go down to the gates.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

For the noyse of the archers appaised among the drawers of water: there shall they rehearse the righteousnesse of the Lord, his righteousnesse of his townes in Israel: then did the people of the Lord goe downe to the gates.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Because of the voice of those who divide [the spoil] in the midst of the places of drawing water; There they rehearse the righteous acts of Jehovah, His righteous acts toward his villages in Israel. Then the people of Jehovah went down to the gates.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

By the voice of shouters Between the places of drawing water, There they give out righteous acts of Jehovah, Righteous acts of His villages in Israel, Then ruled in the gates have the people of Jehovah.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

By the voice of shouters || Between the places of drawing water, || There they give out righteous acts of YHWH, || Righteous acts of His villages in Israel, || Then the people of YHWH have gone down to the gates.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

[Urged on] by the voice of those who divide [the flocks] between the watering wells, there shall they rehearse the benefits of the Lord, the benefits toward his open towns in Israel; [for] now go down [again] to the gates the people of the Lord.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Hear the voices of those who sing at the watering places. There they tell again of Yahweh's righteous deeds, and the righteous actions of his warriors in Israel. Then the people of Yahweh went down to the city gates.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Where the chariots were dashed together, and the army of the enemies was choked, there let the justices of the Lord be rehearsed, and his clemency towards the brave men of Israel: then the people of the Lord went down to the gates, and obtained the sovereignty.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

what people are talking about as they gather at the watering holes. They describe the Lord's just acts and those of his warriors in Israel. Then the people of the Lord went to the town gates.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Give ear to the women laughing by the water-springs; there they will give again the story of the upright acts of the Lord, all the upright acts of his arm in Israel.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.

The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִfrom.[the]noun phraseקּ֣וֹלsoundמְחַֽצְצִ֗יםof.[those.who].divideprepositional phrase · prepositionalבֵּ֚יןbetweenמַשְׁאַבִּ֔ים[the].places.for.drawing.wateradverbialשָׁ֤םthereverbיְתַנּוּ֙they.will.recountnoun phrase · objectnoun phraseצִדְק֣וֹתthe.righteousness(es)יְהוָ֔הof.Yahwehnoun phrasenoun phraseצִדְקֹ֥תthe.righteousness(es)noun phraseפִּרְזֹנ֖his.rural.peopleוֹhisprepositional phraseבְּinיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelclauseadverbialאָ֛זthenverbיָרְד֥וּthey.went.downprepositional phrase · prepositionalלַtonoun phrasetheשְּׁעָרִ֖יםgatesnoun phrase · subjectעַםthe.peopleיְהוָֽהof.Yahweh

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.

The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

Both the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with a complete correspondence of 16 words. This consistency highlights the shared understanding of the significance of recounting God's deeds in Israel.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

מִקּ֣וֹל מְחַֽצְצִ֗ים בֵּ֚ין מַשְׁאַבִּ֔ים שָׁ֤ם יְתַנּוּ֙ צִדְק֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה צִדְקֹ֥ת פִּרְזֹנ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אָ֛ז יָרְד֥וּ לַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים עַם־ יְהוָֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word

מִקּ֣וֹלφωνῆςמְחַֽצְצִ֗יםἀνακρουομένωνבֵּ֚יןμέσονמַשְׁאַבִּ֔יםὑδρευομένωνשָׁ֤םἐκεῖיְתַנּוּ֙δώσουσινצִדְק֣וֹתδικαιοσύναςיְהוָ֔הκυρίῳצִדְקֹ֥תδικαιοσύναςפִּרְזֹנ֖וֹαὔχησονבְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לισραηλאָ֛זτότεיָרְד֥וּκατέβηלַשְּׁעָרִ֖יםεἰςעַם־λαὸςיְהוָֽה׃κυρίου

16 of the 16 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.

The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Judges 5:11

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

מִקּ֣וֹל from [the] sound of מְחַֽצְצִ֗ים archers בֵּ֚ין between מַשְׁאַבִּ֔ים [the] places for drawing water שָׁ֤ם there יְתַנּוּ֙ they will recount צִדְק֣וֹת [the] righteousness of יְהוָ֔ה Yahweh צִדְקֹ֥ת [the] righteousness of פִּרְזֹנ֖וֹ rural people his בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל in Israel אָ֛ז then יָרְד֥וּ they went down לַשְּׁעָרִ֖ים to the gates עַם־ [the] people of יְהוָֽה׃ Yahweh

“from [the] sound of archers between [the] places for drawing water there they will recount [the] righteousness of Yahweh [the] righteousness of rural people his in Israel then they went down to the gates [the] people of Yahweh”

מִקּ֣וֹלmi.Kol from [the] sound of H6963 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct ¶

506× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

A voice or sound, it can refer to the sound of a person speaking, an animal, or a musical instrument. In the Bible, it is often used to describe God's voice or the sound of praise and worship.

Amplified meaning

sounds of joy, shouts of triumph

Tyndale gloss

voice: sound

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קוֹל (qol) primarily means 'voice' or 'sound,' encompassing various contexts such as music, noise, and even thunder. It can also denote lightness or frivolity. The word is built from a root meaning to call aloud and appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament, including a reference in Jeremiah 3:9.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קוֹל 506 n.m. sound, voice

base

קֹל n.[m.] lightness, frivolity;—Je 3:9

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6963a קוֹל sound, voice H6963b קֹל lightness, frivolity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6963 qowl kole

or qol {kole}; from an unused root meaning to call aloud; a

voice or sound:--+ aloud, bleating, crackling, cry (+ out),

fame, lightness, lowing, noise, + hold peace, (pro-)claim,

proclamation, + sing, sound, + spark, thunder(-ing), voice, +

yell.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קוֹל (qol) — voice.

: voice/shout/loud

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קֹל (qol) — frivolity.

lightness, frivolity

קוֹל (qol) — voice: sound.

: sound/noise

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: thunder.

: thunder

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: message.

: message/proclaim

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: [sound of].

: [sound_of](THING)

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: listen.

: listen

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc

Bible dictionarieson the English sense

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant

Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

שָׁמַעto hear: hear×קוֹלvoice: sound×גָּדוֹלGreat (Sea)×שֹׁפָרtrumpet×שִׂמְחָהjoy×בָּכָהto weep×תְּרוּעָהshout×רוּםto exalt×

מְחַֽצְצִ֗יםme.cha.Tzim archers H2686 Verb · Piel · participle (active) masculine plural ¶

3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

To shoot an arrow is the literal meaning of this word, which involves piercing or severing. In 1 Samuel 31:3, archers are mentioned as using this action. It requires skill and precision.

Tyndale gloss

to divide

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָצַץ (chatsats) means to divide or to shoot, with usages in both the Qal and Piel forms. It can refer to dividing into ranks, as seen with locusts, or to the action of archers. The word is linked to the concepts of cutting off or curtailing, and it appears in Judges 5:11.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[חָצַץ] vb. divide

Qal of locusts; i.e. dividing (themselves) into companies or swarms.

Pi. v.

Pu. the number of his months, they have been cut in two (fig. for curtailed).

base

[חצץ] vb. denom. only Pi. Pt. Ju 5:11 archers

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2686a חָצַץ divide H2686b חצץ vb. denom. only Pi. Pt. archers

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2686 chatsats khaw-tsats'

a primitive root (compare 2673); properly, to chop into,

pierce or sever; hence, to curtail, to distribute (into

ranks); as denom. from 2671, to shoot an arrow:--archer, X

bands, cut off in the midst.

see HEBREW for 02673

see HEBREW for 02671

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָצַץ (cha.tsats) — to divide.

1) to divide

1a) (Qal) to divide

1b) (Piel) to divide

1c) (Pual) to be cut off, be finished

חָצַץ (cha.tsats) — to shoot.

2) to shoot arrows

2a) (Piel) archer (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

V-Piel — Verb · Piel · participle (active) masculine plural
HVprmpa

Bible dictionarieson the English sense

Thompson Chain Reference topics

Ge 21:20; 1Sa 31:3; 1Ch 8:40; 2Ch 35:23

בֵּ֚יןbein between H996 Prep ¶

407× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

Between is the meaning of this preposition, used to show a location or a choice, like either or, as seen in Exodus where it describes the space between two objects.

Tyndale gloss

between

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּ֫יִן (beyn) is a noun meaning 'interval' or 'space between.' It primarily functions as a preposition meaning 'between' or 'among,' and can also indicate distinctions or choices. The dual form בֵּנַ֫יִם refers specifically to the space between two entities, such as armies. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּ֫יִן subst. prop. interval, space between

always (exc. dual) as prep. in the interval of, between

Dual בֵּנַ֫יִם space between two armies

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H996 בַּ֫יִן subst. prop. interval, space between . always (exc. dual) as prep. in the interval of, between

. Dual בֵּנַ֫יִם space between two armies

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

996 beyn bane

(sometimes in the plural masculine or feminine); properly,

the constructive form of an otherwise unused noun from 995; a

distinction; but used only as a prep, between (repeated before

each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction,

either...or:--among, asunder, at, between (-twixt...and), +

from (the widest), X in, out of, whether (it be...or), within.

see HEBREW for 0995

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּ֫יִן (ba.yin) — between.

: between

between, among, in the midst of (with other preps), from between

בַּ֫יִן (ba.yin) — between: among.

: among

between, among, in the midst of (with other preps), from between

A sub-meaning of ben (בַּ֫יִן ": between" H0996)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

Prep — Prep
HAcmsc

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

בַּ֫יִןbetween×בְּרִיתcovenant×שָׁפַטto judge×בָּדַלto separate×זֶ֫רַעseed×בֵּֽיתְאֵלBethel×מִלְחָמָהbattle×אוֹתsign: miraculous×

מַשְׁאַבִּ֔יםmash.'a.Bim [the] places for drawing water H4857 Noun common · masculine plural absolute ¶

1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

A mashʼâb was a watering hole or a trough where animals could drink, like a well or a cistern. It was an important source of water in ancient Israel, and is mentioned in various books of the Bible.

Amplified meaning

by the wells, where people gather

Tyndale gloss

well

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מַשְׁאָב (*mash'ab*) refers to a place for drawing water, specifically a trough for cattle. It is derived from the root meaning to draw water and appears in the plural form in Judges 5:11. The entries consistently describe it as a water source.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מַשְׁאָב] n.[m.] appar. drawing-place of water; only pl. Ju 5:11.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4857 מַשְׁאָב

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4857 mash'ab mash-awb'

from 7579; a trough for cattle to drink from:--place of

drawing water.

see HEBREW for 07579

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַשְׁאָב (mash.av) — well.

drawing place of water, place to draw water

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa

Bible dictionarieson the English sense

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wo'-ter (mayim; hudor):

(1) The Greek philosophers believed water to be the original substance and that all things were made from it. The Koran states, "From water we have made all things." In the story of the creation (Ge 1:2) water plays an elemental part.

(2) Because of the scarcity of water in Palestine it is especially appreciated by the people there. They love to go and sit by a stream of running water. Men long for a taste of the water of their native village (1Ch 11:17). A town or village is known throughout the country for the quality of its water, which is described by many adjectives, such as "light," "heavy," etc.

(3) The rainfall is the only source of supply of water for Palestine. The moisture is carried up from the sea in clouds and falls on the hills as rain or snow.…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See CISTERN and WELLS.

In Isa 35:7, the Hebrew word for "parched ground" that shall become a pool of water, is the same with the Arabic term for the mirage, a peculiar optical illusion by which travelers in hot and dry deserts think they see broad lakes and flowing waters; they seem to discern the very ripple of the waves, and the swaying of tail trees on the margin in the cool breeze; green hills and houses and city ramparts rise before the astonished sight, recede as the traveler advances, and at length melt away in the hot haze. Not so the blessings of the gospel; they are no alluring mockery, but real waters of everlasting life, Isa 55:1 Joh 4:14 Re 22:1. Compare

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Creation of Ps 148:4,5

→ Covered the whole earth Ge 1:9

→ Daily allowance of Eze 4:11

→ City waterworks 2Ki 20:20

→ Vision of, by Ezekiel Eze 47:1-5

→ Of separation Nu 19:2-22

→ Libation of 1Sa 7:6

→ Irrigation with

See IRRIGATION

→ Miraculously supplied

To the Israelites Ex 17:1,6; Nu 20:11

To Samson Jud 15:19

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- One of the elements of the world

Ge 1:2

- GOD ORIGINALLY

. Created the firmament to divide

Ge 1:6,7

. Collected into one place

Ge 1:9

. Created fowls and fishes, &c from

Ge 1:20,21

- Necessary to vegetation

Ge 2:5,6; Job 14:9; Isa 1:30

- Some plants particularly require

Job 8:11

- Necessary to the comfort and happiness of man

Isa 41:17; Zec 9:11

- COLLECTED IN

. Springs

שָׁ֤םsham there H8033 Adverb ¶

834× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

The Hebrew word sham means there or then, often used to describe a location or point in time. It can also mean thither or thence, indicating movement or direction. This word is used frequently in the Bible to provide context and clarify the setting of a story.

Tyndale gloss

there

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁם (sham) is a Hebrew adverb meaning 'there' or 'thither,' indicating a location or direction. It can also refer to a point in time, translating to 'then.' The word is derived from a relative pronoun and is used in various contexts, including movement and temporal references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁם adv. there, thither

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8033 שָׁם there, thither

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8033 sham shawm

a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, 834);

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or

thence:--in it, + thence, there (-in, + of, + out), +

thither, + whither.

see HEBREW for 0834

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁם (sham) — there.

1) there, thither

1a) there

1b) thither (after verbs of motion)

1c) from there, thence

1d) then (as an adverb of time)

Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)

שָׁם (sham) — (Jerusalem) Is There.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

This name means there, thither

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

Adv — Adverb
HD

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

שָׁםthere×מָקוֹםplace×יָרַשׁto possess: possess×גּוּרto sojourn×שָׁכַןto dwell×נָדַחto banish×נוּסto flee×קָבַרto bury×

יְתַנּוּ֙ye.ta.Nu they will recount H8567 Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine plural ¶

2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

To retell or recount a story, often to praise or celebrate. It is used to describe remembering past events.

Amplified meaning

tell again, celebrate

Tyndale gloss

to recount

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תָּנָה (tanah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to recount or rehearse. It is built from a primitive root that conveys the idea of attributing honor. The entries suggest its use in contexts of celebration or lamentation, but there is some uncertainty about its application in specific forms, such as the Piel stem.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[תָּנָה] vb. recount, rehearse (?)

Pi. let them recount

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8567 תָּנָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8567 tanah taw-naw'

a primitive root (identical with 8566 through the idea of

attributing honor); to ascribe (praise), i.e. celebrate,

commemorate:--lament, rehearse.

see HEBREW for 08566

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תָּנָה (ta.nah) — to recount.

(Piel) to recount, rehearse, tell again

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

V-Piel-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVpi3mp

צִדְק֣וֹתtzid.Kot [the] righteousness of H6666 Noun common · feminine plural construct ¶

157× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

Encompasses the idea of righteousness, including justice, virtue, and morality, often describing God's attribute or the standard for human behavior. It is used to describe the ideal for personal conduct and societal norms, emphasizing the importance of living a righteous life.

Amplified meaning

just deeds, virtuous works

Tyndale gloss

righteousness

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צְדָקָה (tsdaqah) means 'righteousness' and encompasses various aspects such as justice, truthfulness, and ethical rightness. It can refer to God's attribute of sovereignty, righteousness in governance, and even justification or salvation. The term also implies righteous acts and has an Aramaic equivalent, צִדְקָה (tsid.qah).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צְדָקָה 157 n.f. righteousness

righteousness, in government

God's attribute as sovereign

righteousness, in a case or cause

righteousness = truthfulness

righteousness, as ethically right

righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.

pl. righteous acts

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6666 צְדָקָה righteousness . righteousness, in government

. God's attribute as sovereign

. righteousness, in a case or cause

. righteousness = truthfulness

. righteousness, as ethically right

. righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.

. pl. righteous acts

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6666 tsdaqah tsed-aw-kaw'

from 6663; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude),

objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively

(prosperity):--justice, moderately, right(-eous)

(act, -ly, -ness).

see HEBREW for 06663

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צְדָקָה (tse.da.qah) — righteousness.

1) justice, righteousness

1a) righteousness (in government)

1a1) of judge, ruler, king

1a2) of law

1a3) of Davidic king Messiah

1b) righteousness (of God's attribute)

1c) righteousness (in a case or cause)

1d) righteousness, truthfulness

1e) righteousness (as ethically right)

1f) righteousness (as vindicated), justification, salvation

1f1) of God

1f2) prosperity (of people)

1g) righteous acts

Aramaic equivalent: tsid.qah (צִדְקָה "righteousness" H6665)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural construct
HNcfpc

Bible dictionarieson the English sense

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant

Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

מִשְׁפָּטjustice: judgement×עָשָׂהto make×צַדִּיקrighteous×נָצַלto rescue×חָיָהto live×חֶ֫סֶדkindness×צְדָקָהrighteousness×עוֹלָםforever: antiquity×

יְהוָ֔הYah.weh Yahweh H3068 Noun proper ¶

6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.

Amplified meaning

Yehovah, the covenant God

Tyndale gloss

The Lord

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

N-proper — Noun proper
HNpt

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

כֹּהthus×נְאֻםutterance×צָבָאarmy×

צִדְקֹ֥תtzid.Kot [the] righteousness of H6666 Noun common · feminine plural construct ¶

157× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

Amplified meaning

just actions, moral excellence

Tyndale gloss

righteousness

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צְדָקָה 157 n.f. righteousness

righteousness, in government

God's attribute as sovereign

righteousness, in a case or cause

righteousness = truthfulness

righteousness, as ethically right

righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.

pl. righteous acts

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6666 צְדָקָה righteousness . righteousness, in government

. God's attribute as sovereign

. righteousness, in a case or cause

. righteousness = truthfulness

. righteousness, as ethically right

. righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.

. pl. righteous acts

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6666 tsdaqah tsed-aw-kaw'

from 6663; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude),

objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively

(prosperity):--justice, moderately, right(-eous)

(act, -ly, -ness).

see HEBREW for 06663

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צְדָקָה (tse.da.qah) — righteousness.

1) justice, righteousness

1a) righteousness (in government)

1a1) of judge, ruler, king

1a2) of law

1a3) of Davidic king Messiah

1b) righteousness (of God's attribute)

1c) righteousness (in a case or cause)

1d) righteousness, truthfulness

1e) righteousness (as ethically right)

1f) righteousness (as vindicated), justification, salvation

1f1) of God

1f2) prosperity (of people)

1g) righteous acts

Aramaic equivalent: tsid.qah (צִדְקָה "righteousness" H6665)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural construct
HNcfpc

Bible dictionarieson the English sense

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant

Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

פִּרְזֹנ֖וֹpir.zo.No rural people his H6520 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix ¶

2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

This term refers to the people living in rural areas or unwalled villages. In the book of 1 Kings, it describes the population of small villages and towns. The word is often translated as 'village' in the KJV.

Amplified meaning

rural people, inhabitants of unwalled towns

Tyndale gloss

villager

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פְּרָזוֹן (prazown) refers to a rural population or villagers, with a focus on those living in unwalled villages. The term is derived from a root meaning related to leadership or magistracy, though its exact meaning remains uncertain. It is noted for its association with rustic or rural people.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פְּרָזוֹן n.[m.] dub., poss. coll. rural population, rustics

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6520 פְּרָזוֹן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6520 prazown per-aw-zone'

from the same as 6518; magistracy, i.e. leadership (also

concretely, chieftains):--village.

see HEBREW for 06518

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פְּרָזוֹן (pe.ra.zon) — villager.

1) rural population, rustics, rural people, people of unwalled villages

1a) meaning uncertain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3ms

Bible dictionarieson the English sense

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לbe.Yis.ra.'El in Israel H3478 Preposition · noun proper ¶

2,508× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

Israel is the symbolic name of Jacob, also referring to his descendants. Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah, had 12 sons who became the tribes of Israel, as told in Genesis 25:26. His story is crucial to the Bible's narrative.

Amplified meaning

the descendants of Jacob, God's chosen people

Tyndale gloss

Israel

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisra'el) refers to both the second name of Jacob, meaning 'God prevails,' and the name of the Hebrew nation descended from him. It is derived from roots meaning 'to rule' and 'God.' The term encompasses Jacob's descendants and is used historically for the northern kingdom of Israel and the nation as a whole after the Babylonian exile.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יִשְׂרָאֵל 2507 n.pr.m. et gent. Israel (Ēl persisteth, persevereth)

n.pr.m. second name of Jacob

n.pr.gent. name of Hebrew nation

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3478 יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel (Ēl persisteth, persevereth) . n. pr. m. second name of Jacob

. n. pr. gent. name of Hebrew nation

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3478 Yisra'el yis-raw-ale'

from 8280 and 410; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical

name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity:

--Israel.

see HEBREW for 08280

see HEBREW for 0410

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יִשְׂרָאֵל (yis.ra.el) — Israel.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26;

son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);

brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A);

father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently

§ Israel = "God prevails"

1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel

2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob

2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split

Read the full entry →

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper
HR/Npl

Bible dictionarieson the English sense

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

iz'-ra-el.

See JACOB.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Israel

The name conferred on Jacob after the great prayer-struggle at Peniel (Gen. 32:28), because “as a prince he had power with God and prevailed.” (See JACOB.) This is the common name given to Jacob’s descendants. The whole people of the twelve tribes are called “Israelites,” the “children of Israel” (Josh. 3:17; 7:25; Judg. 8:27; Jer. 3:21), and the “house of Israel” (Ex. 16:31; 40:38).

This name Israel is sometimes used emphatically for the true Israel (Ps. 73:1: Isa. 45:17; 49:3;

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(the prince that prevails with God). The name given, (Genesis 32:28) to Jacob after his wrestling with the angel, (Hosea 12:4) at Peniel. Gesenius interprets Israel "soldier of God." It became the national name of the twelve tribes collectively. They are so called in (Exodus 3:16) and afterward. It is used in a narrower sense, excluding Judah, in (1 Samuel 11:8; 2 Samuel 20:1; 1 Kings 12:16) Thenceforth it was assumed and accepted as the name of the northern kingdom. After the Babylonian captivity, the returned exiles resumed the name Israel as the designation of…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Who prevails with God, a name given to Jacob, after having wrestled with the Angel-Jehovah at Penuel. Ge 32:1,2,28,30 Ho 12:3. See JACOB. By the name Israel is sometimes understood all the posterity of Israel, the seed of Jacob, 1Co 10:18; sometimes all true believers, his spiritual seed, Ro 9:6; and sometimes the kingdom of Israel, or the ten tribes, as distinct from the kingdom of Judah.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

שֵׁ֫בֶטtribe×עֵדָהcongregation×זָקֵןold×קָדוֹשׁholy×

אָ֛ז'az then H227 Adverb ¶

141× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

This Hebrew word refers to a past time or place, often used to describe something that happened earlier. It can also be used as a conjunction to show a cause-and-effect relationship. In the Bible, it appears in books like Genesis and Isaiah.

Tyndale gloss

then

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָז (az) is a demonstrative adverb meaning 'at that time' or 'then,' used for both temporal and logical expressions. It can refer to past events or indicate a condition for future actions. The related form מֵאָז (me.az) means 'from that time' or 'since.' The entries highlight its use in various contexts without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָז adv. at that time, then whether expressing duration, or inception (= thereupon).

strictly temporal

expressing logical sequence strictly

base

מֵאָז lit. from that time

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H227a אָז at that time, then H227b מֵאָז, once

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

227 'az awz

a demonstrative adverb; at that time or place; also as a

conjunction, therefore:--beginning, for, from, hitherto, now,

of old, once, since, then, at which time, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָז (az) — then.

1) then, at that time

1a) temporal expressions

1a1) then (past)

1a2) then, if...then (future)

1a3) earlier

1b) logical expressions

1b1) in that case

1b2) that (being so)

מֵאָז (me.az) — the past.

1) in time past, of old

2)from time of, since

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

Adv — Adverb
HD

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

שְׁלֹמֹהSolomon×פְּלִשְׁתִּי(Sea of the) Philistines×עַתָּ֫הnow×מְצוּדָהnet×בֵּיתBethlehem×פָּשַׁעto transgress×טוֹבbe pleasing×צֶ֫דֶקRighteousness×

יָרְד֥וּya.re.Du they went down H3381 Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural ¶

381× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

To go down or descend, like going to a lower place or falling. It appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing people and things moving downwards.

Amplified meaning

descended, came forth

Tyndale gloss

to go down

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָרַד (yarad) means to come or go down, covering various contexts such as descending from mountains, going to battle, or sinking in water. It can also refer to divine manifestations descending or being prostrated. The word has different forms including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, which indicate various nuances of bringing down or being brought down.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָרַד 380 vb. come or go down, descend

Qal 306

come or go down

go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle

go down to (acc.) threshing-floor

go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt

from Jerusalem

from altar

go down

= sink, in water

go down to She’ôl

fig. going down (dissolving) in tears

= be prostrated

of divine manifestations: descend

of inanimate things

Hiph.

cause to come or go down

bring down

send down rain = cause to flow down

= lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor

bring down to She’ôl

take down (from cart)

let down

Hoph.

be brought down

be taken down

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3381 יָרַד come or go down, descend .. . come or go down

. go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle

. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor

. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt

. from Jerusalem

. from altar

. go down

. = sink, in water

. go down to She’ôl

. fig. going down (dissolving) in tears

. = be prostrated

. of divine manifestations: descend

. of inanimate things

. . cause to come or go down . bring down

. send down rain = cause to flow down

. = lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor

. bring down to She’ôl

. take down (from cart)

. let down

. . be brought down

. be taken down

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3381 yarad yaw-rad'

a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or

conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary,

the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to

bring down (in all the above applications); -X abundantly,

bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down,

fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, X

indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to,

let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָרַד (ya.rad) — to go down.

1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come down

1a2) to sink

1a3) to be prostrated

1a4) to come down (of revelation)

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to bring down

1b2) to send down

1b3) to take down

1b4) to lay prostrate

1b5) to let down

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought down

1c2) to be taken down

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
HVqp3cp

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

הַרmountain: mount×שְׁאוֹלhell: Sheol×בּוֹרpit×שָׁמַיheaven×מַעֲלָהthought×קָרָאto encounter: meet×גֶּ֫שֶׁםrain×נַ֫חַלBrook×

לַשְּׁעָרִ֖יםla.she.'a.Rim to the gates H8179 Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute ¶

374× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a gate or door, often referring to city entrances or temple doors, like in Genesis and Exodus. It can also symbolize a meeting place or marketplace. The word is used to describe important locations in the Bible.

Amplified meaning

city entrances, places of gathering

Tyndale gloss

gate

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁ֫עַר (sha'ar) means 'gate' and is derived from a root that signifies an opening. It encompasses various types of gates, including those of cities, palaces, and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like 'gate of heaven.' The entries consistently highlight its role as an entrance or threshold.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׁ֫עַר 373 n.m. gate

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8179 שַׁ֫עַר gate

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8179 sha`ar shah'-ar

from 8176 in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or

gate:--city, door, gate, port (X -er).

see HEBREW for 08176

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁ֫עַר (sha.ar) — gate.

: gate

1) gate

1a) gate (of entrance)

1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place)

1b1) city, town

1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)

1d) heaven

שַׁ֫עַר (sha.ar) — gate: town.

: town

1) gate

1a) gate (of entrance)

1b) gate (of space inside gate, i.e. marketplace, public meeting place)

1b1) city, town

1c) gate (of palace, royal castle, temple, court of tabernacle)

1d) heaven

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
HRd/Ncmpa

Bible dictionarieson the English sense

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Of cities De 3:5; Jos 6:26; 1Sa 23:7; 2Sa 18:24; 2Ch 8:5

→ Made of iron Ac 12:10

→ Made of wood Ne 1:3

→ Made of brass Ps 107:16; Isa 45:2

→ Double doors Isa 45:1; Eze 41:24

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- Design of

Isa 62:10

- MADE OF

. Brass

Ps 107:16; Isa 45:2

. Iron

Ac 12:10

- Often two-leaved

Isa 45:1

- Fastened with bars of iron

Ps 107:16; Isa 45:2

- MADE TO

. Cities

. Houses

. Temples

. Palaces

. Prisons

Thompson Chain Reference topics

(1) Of Cities and Towns as places of Business

Ge 23:10; 34:20; De 16:18; 21:19; 22:15; Jos 20:4; Ru 4:1

2Sa 15:2; 1Ki 22:10; Pr 1:21; 22:22; Jer 14:2; Zec 8:16

(2) Punishment of Criminals outside of

De 17:5; Jer 20:2; Heb 13:12

(3) Of Jerusalem

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

שַׁ֫עַרgate×דֶּ֫רֶךְway: road×פֶּ֫תַחentrance×אֶחָדone×חָצֵרcourt×יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫Jerusalem×עָמַדto stand: stand×מָדַדto measure×

עַם־'am- [the] people of H5971 Noun common · masculine singular construct ¶

1,873× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.

Amplified meaning

nation, community

Tyndale gloss

Amaw

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people

a people, nation

= smaller units

= common people

people in gen., persons

phrases

base

[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5971 `am am

from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a

tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or

attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,

people.

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַם (am) — people.

: people/nation

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — kinsman.

kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Ammi.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — People's (Gate).

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.

Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Amaw.

This name means nation, people

עַם (am) — people: soldiers.

: soldiers/army

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — people: creatures.

: creatures

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc

Bible dictionarieson the English sense

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant

Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

יְהוָֽה׃Yah.weh Yahweh H3068 Noun proper ¶

6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×

In plain English

Meaning

Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.

Amplified meaning

Yehovah, the sovereign God

Tyndale gloss

The Lord

Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers

Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code

Berean parsing

N-proper — Noun proper
HNpt

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance

כֹּהthus×נְאֻםutterance×צָבָאarmy×

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Judges 5:11 — Word Study

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Deep Study — Judges 5:11

Context — The Song of Deborahgenerated

Cross References

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

Nave’s Topical Bible — the subjects this verse is filed under

The Key Word — יְתַנּוּ, ye.ta.Nugenerated

How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

Sentence Structuregenerated

Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

Reflection Questionsgenerated

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Modern formal

Tyndale line

Strictly literal

From the Latin

Simplified

The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

Lexicons — every word in Judges 5:11