Job 14:12 — Word Study
WLCוְאִ֥ישׁ שָׁכַ֗ב וְֽלֹא־ יָ֫ק֥וּם עַד־ בִּלְתִּ֣י שָׁ֭מַיִם לֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ וְלֹֽא־ יֵ֝עֹ֗רוּ מִשְּׁנָתָֽם׃
BSA◂so a manʼîysh [human being, mortal] lies downshâkab■ [to rest, to sleep] and does notlôʼ riseqûwm▸ [will not get up, remains fallen] Untilʻad ◂the heavensshâmayim [the sky, the universe] are no morebiltîy [cease to exist, pass away] he will notlôʼ be awakenedqûwts▸ [roused, stirred] [or]lôʼ rousedʻûwr▸ [stirred, awakened] from sleepshênâh [a state of unconsciousness, death]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאִ֥ישׁ | and a person | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| שָׁכַ֗ב | he lies down | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| וְֽלֹא־ | and not | Conjunction, particle |
| יָ֫ק֥וּם | he will arise | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| עַד־ | until | Preposition |
| בִּלְתִּ֣י | [is] not | Noun common, both singular construct |
| שָׁ֭מַיִם | heaven | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| לֹ֣א | not | Particle |
| יָקִ֑יצוּ | they will awake | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| וְלֹֽא־ | and not | Conjunction, particle |
| יֵ֝עֹ֗רוּ | they will be roused | Verb, Niphal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| מִשְּׁנָתָֽם׃ | from sleep their | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | so a man lies down and does not rise. Until the heavens are no more, he will not be awakened or roused from sleep. |
| KJV | So man lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep. |
| ASV | So man lieth down and riseth not: Till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, Nor be roused out of their sleep. |
| YLT | And man hath lain down, and riseth not, Till the wearing out of the heavens they awake not, Nor are roused from their sleep. |
| WEB | so man lies down and doesn’t rise. Until the heavens are no more, they will not awake, nor be roused out of their sleep. |
| BBE | So man goes down to his last resting-place and comes not again: till the heavens come to an end, they will not be awake or come out of their sleep. |
Translations agree on the main ideas but differ in nuances of wording.
The structure contains a main clause followed by a negation and a temporal phrase, emphasizing the permanence of death.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאִישׁ
verbשָׁכַב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 14:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Reflections on Mortalitygenerated
Job 14:12 describes the inevitability of death, likening it to a deep sleep from which a person will not awaken until the end of the heavens. Job grapples with the concept of life after death, pondering the fate of humanity and the seeming permanence of death. This verse is part of a larger discourse where Job questions the nature of existence and the hope of renewal, as seen in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 10:21–22 | before I go—never to return— to a land of darkness and gloom, |
| 2 | Job 30:23 | Yes, I know that You will bring me down to death, to the place appointed for all the living. |
| 3 | Ecclesiastes 3:19–21 | For the fates of both men and beasts are the same: As one dies, so dies the other—they all have the same breath. Man has no advantage over the animals, since everything is futile. |
| 4 | Ecclesiastes 12:5 | when men fear the heights and dangers of the road, when the almond tree blossoms, the grasshopper loses its spring, and the caper berry shrivels— for then man goes to his eternal home and mourners walk the streets. |
| 5 | Job 19:25–27 | But I know that my Redeemer lives, and in the end He will stand upon the earth. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 22 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אִישׁ, ve.'Ishgenerated
The Hebrew word אִישׁ (iysh) refers to a man or human being, encompassing various meanings such as individual male, husband, or champion. It is a common masculine noun that emphasizes the human condition in contrast to the divine or animal realms.
In this verse, it underscores the mortality of humans, highlighting the fragility of life and the ultimate fate that awaits every person.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses lies down for שָׁכַ֗ב and does not rise for יָ֫ק֥וּם.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around a main clause with a finite verb, שָׁכַ֗ב, he lies down, followed by a negation and a future verb phrase indicating what will not happen. The syntax emphasizes the finality of death, with subsequent clauses elaborating on the conditions surrounding this state.
The word order places emphasis on the subject, אִישׁ, man, followed by the action of lying down, which is central to the message of mortality.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אִישׁ as ἄνθρωπος, which also means 'man' and retains the focus on human mortality. This choice reflects a direct correspondence with the Hebrew meaning.
The translation of שָׁכַ֗ב as κοιμηθεὶς (to lie down) suggests a strong emphasis on the state of sleep, aligning with the Hebrew depiction of death as a sleep.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 14:12 tells us that when a man lies down, he does not rise again until the heavens cease to exist. This illustrates the finality of death, as Job reflects on the human experience and the certainty of mortality.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job is expressing the idea that death is a permanent state from which humans do not return, emphasizing the finality of life.
This phrase suggests that the state of death lasts until a cosmic event occurs, indicating a profound sense of finality and the unknown concerning life after death.
Job uses the metaphor of sleep to describe death, implying that just as one does not awaken from sleep, a person does not return to life after death.
While Job contemplates the finality of death, he also hints at a desire for renewal, as seen in the verses surrounding this passage.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does the metaphor of sleep help us understand the nature of death?
- What feelings does Job's reflection on mortality evoke in you?
- In what ways can we find hope in the face of death, as Job seems to seek?
- How does this verse challenge or affirm your understanding of life after death?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 14:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleSo man lieth down,.... Or "and", or "but man lieth down" (b); in the grave when he dies, as on a bed, and takes his rest from all his labours, toil and troubles, and lies asleep, and continues so
Read John Gill on Job 14 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySo man lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep. Heavens be no more.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 14 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMan lieth down, to wit, in his bed, the grave, or to sleep the sleep of death, as this phrase is used, . Riseth not, to wit, to tills life; for he speaks not here of the life to come, nor of the resurrection of the belly after death by the Divine power; of his belief whereof he giveth sufficient evidences in divers places. Till the heavens be no more, i.e. either, 1. Never; because the heavens, though they shall be changed in their qualities, yet shall never cease to be, as to the substance of them. And therefore everlasting and unchangeable things are expressed by the duration of the heavens; of which see ,7,17 89:29,36,37 Matthew 5:18 24:35. Or, 2. Not until the time of the general…
Read Matthew Poole on Job 14 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 14:12 So man lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens [be] no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep.Ver. 12. So man lieth down] sc. In the dust of death, or in the bed of the grave; his dormitory, till the last day. Ut somnus morris, sic lectus imago sepulchri. And riseth not] sc. To live again among men. So, Psalms 78:39, man is compared to a wind, which, when it is past, returneth not again. If it be objected, that we read of three in the Old Testament, and five in the New, raised from death to life; besides those many that arose and came out of the graves after Christ’ s resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many, Matthew 27:52-53; it…
Read John Trapp on Job 14 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 12. So man lieth down] He falls asleep in his bed of earth. And riseth not] Men shall not, like cut down trees and plants, reproduce their like; nor shall they arise till the heavens are no more, till the earth and all its works are burnt up, and the general resurrection of human beings shall take place. Surely it would be difficult to twist this passage to the denial of the resurrection of the body. Neither can these expressions be fairly understood as implying Job's belief in the materiality of the soul, and that the whole man sleeps from the day of his death to the morning of the resurrection. We have already seen that Job makes a distinction between the animal life and rational…
Read AdamClarke on Job 14 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. till the heavens be no more] i. e. never; cf. Psalms 72:7, Till there be no moon. The heavens are eternal, cf. Jeremiah 31:35-36; Psalms 89:29; Psalms 89:36-37.
Read Cambridge on Job 14 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleSo man lieth down, and riseth not - He lies down in the grave and does not rise again on the earth.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 14 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible12. Riseth not — Among the most ancient and universal beliefs was that of the transmigration of souls. It was man’s natural recoil from annihilation.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 14 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
so a man lies down and does not rise. Until the heavens are no more, he will not be awakened or roused from sleep.
so man lies down and doesn’t rise. Until the heavens are no more, they will not awake, nor be roused out of their sleep.
so a man lies down and does not rise. Until the heavens are no more, he will not be awakened or roused from sleep.
so man lies down and does not rise; until the heavens are no more, they will not awake nor arise from their sleep.
Tyndale line
So man lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep.
So man lieth down and riseth not: Till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, Nor be roused out of their sleep.
So man lieth down and riseth not: till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be roused out of their sleep.
So man lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens shall be no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep.
So man sleepeth and riseth not: for hee shall not wake againe, nor be raised from his sleepe till the heauen be no more.
Strictly literal
So man lieth down, and riseth not again; till the heavens be no more, they do not awake, nor are raised out of their sleep.
And man hath lain down, and riseth not, Till the wearing out of the heavens they awake not, Nor are roused from their sleep.
And man has lain down, and does not rise, || Until the wearing out of the heavens they do not awaken, || Nor are roused from their sleep.
So doth man lie down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more, they will not awake, and will not be roused out of their sleep.
so people lie down and do not rise again. Until the heavens are no more, they will not awake nor be roused out of their sleep.
From the Latin
So man when he is fallen asleep shall not rise again; till the heavens be broken, he shall not awake, nor rise up out of his sleep.
Simplified
so human beings lie down and don't get up again. Until the heavens cease to exist they will not awake from their sleep.
So man goes down to his last resting-place and comes not again: till the heavens come to an end, they will not be awake or come out of their sleep.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states, "וְאִ֥ישׁ שָׁכַ֗ב וְֽלֹא־ יָ֫ק֥וּם עַד־ בִּלְתִּ֣י שָׁ֭מַיִם לֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ וְלֹֽא־ יֵ֝עֹ֗רוּ מִשְּׁנָתָֽם׃" which translates to, "so a man lies down and does not rise. Until the heavens are no more, he will not be awakened or roused from sleep." The Septuagint, while closely matching the Masoretic Text in terms of word count, does not provide a specific text for comparison here, indicating a lack of direct translation for this verse. Therefore, the main witness is the Masoretic Text, and the Septuagint does not differ in meaning but lacks a direct textual equivalent in this instance.
וְאִ֥ישׁ שָׁכַ֗ב וְֽלֹא־ יָ֫ק֥וּם עַד־ בִּלְתִּ֣י שָׁ֭מַיִם לֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ וְלֹֽא־ יֵ֝עֹ֗רוּ מִשְּׁנָתָֽם׃
10 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 14:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word אִישׁ (iysh) means 'man' and can refer to an individual male, a husband, or a human being in general. It encompasses various meanings, including champion and great man, and can also imply 'whosoever' or 'each.' The word is built from a root suggesting existence and is used throughout the Old Testament.
אִישׁ 2166 n.m. man (= vir)
base
H376 אִישׁ man (= vir)
376 'iysh eesh
contracted for 582 (or perhaps rather from an unused root
meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male
person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and
in such cases frequently not expressed in
translation):--also, another, any (man), a certain, +
champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-,
husband-)man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree),
him (that is), husband, man(-kind), + none, one, people,
person, + steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy.
Compare 802.
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0802
אִישׁ (ish) — man.
: man
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
אִישׁ (ish) — man: husband.
: husband
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
אִישׁ (ish) — man: anyone.
: anyone/someone
1) man
1a) man, male (in contrast to woman, female)
1b) husband
1c) human being, person (in contrast to God)
1d) servant
1e) mankind
1f) champion
1g) great man
2) whosoever
3) each (adjective)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
The Hebrew word שָׁכַב (shakab) is a primitive root meaning 'to lie down.' It covers a range of meanings including resting, lodging, engaging in sexual relations, and lying down in death. The word appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Pual, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating different nuances of lying down. Notably, it can also figuratively mean to relax.
שָׁכַב 212 vb. lie down
Qal
lie down
= lodge (for night)
of sexual relations, lie with
lie down in death
esp. in phr. lie down with his fathers
fig. = relax
Niph. Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. women), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph. Pu. q.v.
Hiph. lay
Hoph. laid
base
H7901 שָׁכַב lie down .. lie down
. = lodge (for night)
. of sexual relations, lie with
. . lie down in death
. esp. in phr. lie down with his fathers
. fig. = relax
. Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. women), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph. Pu. q.v.
. lay
. laid
7901 shakab shaw-kab'
a primitive root; to lie down (for rest, sexual connection,
decease or any other purpose):--X at all, cast down,
((lover-))lay (self) (down), (make to) lie (down, down to
sleep, still with), lodge, ravish, take rest, sleep, stay.
שָׁכַב (sha.khav) — to lie down: lay down.
: lay_down/lie_with
1) to lie down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on
1a2) to lodge
1a3) to lie (of sexual relations)
1a4) to lie down (in death)
1a5) to rest, relax (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be lain with (sexually)
1c) (Pual) to be lain with (sexually)
1d) (Hiphil) to make to lie down
1e) (Hophal) to be laid
שָׁכַב (sha.khav) — to lie down: sleep.
: sleep/rest
1) to lie down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on
1a2) to lodge
1a3) to lie (of sexual relations)
1a4) to lie down (in death)
1a5) to rest, relax (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be lain with (sexually)
1c) (Pual) to be lain with (sexually)
1d) (Hiphil) to make to lie down
1e) (Hophal) to be laid
שָׁכַב (sha.khav) — to lie down: have sex.
: have_sex
1) to lie down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on
1a2) to lodge
1a3) to lie (of sexual relations)
1a4) to lie down (in death)
1a5) to rest, relax (fig)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particleHC/Tn
The Hebrew word קוּם (qum) is a primitive root meaning 'to rise' and encompasses a range of actions such as standing, becoming powerful, and establishing. It can imply a sudden or hostile rise, as well as the act of fulfilling or confirming something. The entries also note various grammatical forms, indicating its use in different contexts, including raising up or causing to stand.
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
קוּם 628 vb. arise, stand up, stand
Qal 460
arise
arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)
arise, abs., = become powerful
arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet
arise for, i.e. to become
arise for action
arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed
esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere
stand
Pi.
fulfil
confirm, ratify
confirm, establish
impose, an obligation
Pō‛l. raise up
Hithpō‛l. raise oneself, = rise up
Hiph.
146cause to arise, raise
raise, set up, stones
erect, build
fig, of setting up law
raise up = bring on the scene
raise up = rouse, stir up
instigate, build
fig, of setting up law
raise up = constitute
cause to stand
Hoph. be raised up
base
H6965a לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash H6965b קוּם arise, stand up, stand .. arise
. arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)
. arise, abs., = become powerful
. arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet
. arise for, i.e. to become
. . arise for action
. arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed
. esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere
. stand
. . fulfil
. . confirm, ratify
. confirm, establish
. impose, an obligation
. raise up
. raise oneself, = rise up
. . cause to arise, raise
. . raise, set up, stones
. erect, build
. fig, of setting up law
. raise up = bring on the scene
. . raise up = rouse, stir up
. instigate, build
. fig, of setting up law
. raise up = constitute
. cause to stand
. be raised up
6965 quwm koom
a primitive root; to rise (in various applications, literal,
figurative, intensive and causative):--abide, accomplish, X
be clearer, confirm, continue, decree, X be dim, endure, X
enemy, enjoin, get up, make good, help, hold, (help to) lift
up (again), make, X but newly, ordain, perform, pitch, raise
(up), rear (up), remain, (a-)rise (up) (again, against), rouse
up, set (up), (e-)stablish, (make to) stand (up), stir up,
strengthen, succeed, (as-, make) sure(-ly), (be) up(-hold, -
rising).
קָמָי (qa.may) — (Leb)-kamai.
Combined with lev (לֵב "Leb" H3820B)
§ -Kamai = "my adversary"
Leb-kamai, i.e., people of Gambulai
קוּם (qum) — to arise: rise.
: rise/get_going
1) to rise, arise, stand, rise up, stand up
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to arise
1a2) to arise (hostile sense)
1a3) to arise, become powerful
1a4) to arise, come on the scene
1a5) to stand
1a5a) to maintain oneself
1a5b) to be established, be confirmed
1a5c) to stand, endure
1a5d) to be fixed
1a5e) to be valid
1a5f) to be proven
1a5g) to be fulfilled
1a5h) to persist
1a5i) to be set, be fixed
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to fulfil
1b2) to confirm, ratify, establish, impose
1c) (Polel) to raise up
1d) (Hithpael) to raise oneself, rise up
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to cause to arise, raise
1e2) to raise, set up, erect, build
1e3) to raise up, bring on the scene
1e4) to raise up, rouse, stir up, investigate
1e5) to raise up, constitute
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Prep — PrepositionHR
בִּלְתִּי (bilti) is a Hebrew word primarily functioning as a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'except.' It can also convey meanings like 'without' or 'until not,' and is often used with prepositional prefixes. The word is derived from the concept of failure, and its usage is consistent across various contexts in the Old Testament.
בֵ֫לֶת subst. prop. failure, hence used as particle of negation, not, except
adv. not
after a preceding negation, not = except
conj. (likewise after a neg., expressed or implied)
With preps.
base
H1115 בֵ֫לֶת subst. prop. failure, hence used as particle of negation, not, except
1115 biltiy bil-tee'
constructive feminine of 1086 (equivalent to 1097); properly,
a failure of, i.e. (used only as a negative particle, usually
with a prepositional prefix) not, except, without, unless,
besides, because not, until, etc.:--because un(satiable),
beside, but, + continual, except, from, lest, neither, no
more, none, not, nothing, save, that no, without.
see HEBREW for 01086
see HEBREW for 01097
בִּלְתִּי (bil.ti) — lest.
subst
1) not, except
adv
2) not
3) except (after preceding negation)
conj
4) except (after an implied or expressed negation)
with prep
5) so as not, in order not
6) an account of not, because...not
7) until not
Conj — Noun common · both singular constructHNcbsc
The Hebrew word שָׁמַיִם (*shamayim*) is a dual noun meaning 'heavens' or 'sky.' It refers to the visible heavens where celestial bodies are found, as well as the abode of God. The dual form may suggest both the arch of the sky and the higher ether. It is noted in contexts such as Elijah's ascent in a whirlwind.
[שָׁמַי] n.m. only pl. שָׁמַיִם 421 heavens, sky
visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are
phrases
as abode of God
Elijah taken up הַשּׁ׳ in whirlwind
הַשּׁ׳ personified in various relations
base
H8064 שָׁמַי only pl. שָׁמַיִם heavens, sky . . visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are
. phrases
. . as abode of God
. Elijah taken up הַשּׁ׳ in whirlwind
. הַשּׁ׳ personified in various relations
8064 shamayim shaw-mah'-yim
dual of an unused singular shameh {shaw-meh'}; from an unused
root meaning to be lofty; the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps
alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well
as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies
revolve):--air, X astrologer, heaven(-s).
שָׁמַיִם (sha.ma.yim) — heaven.
1) heaven, heavens, sky
1a) visible heavens, sky
1a1) as abode of the stars
1a2) as the visible universe, the sky, atmosphere, etc
1b) Heaven (as the abode of God)
Aramaic equivalent: sha.ma.yin (שָׁמַ֫יִן "heaven" H8065)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
hev'-'n.
See ASTRONOMY.
Heaven
(1.) Definitions. The phrase “heaven and earth” is used to indicate the whole universe (Gen. 1:1; Jer. 23:24; Acts 17:24). According to the Jewish notion there were three heavens,
(a) The firmament, as “fowls of the heaven” (Gen. 2:19; 7:3, 23; Ps. 8:8, etc.), “the eagles of heaven” (Lam. 4:19), etc.
(b) The starry heavens (Deut. 17:3; Jer. 8:2; Matt. 24:29).
There are four Hebrew words thus rendered in the Old Testament which we may briefly notice. Raki’a , Authorized Version, firmament. [FIRMAMENT] Shamayim . This is the word used in the expression "the heaven and the earth," or "the upper and lower regions." (Genesis 1:1) Marom , used for heaven in (Psalms 18:16; Isaiah 24:18; Jeremiah 25:30). Properly speaking it means a mountain as in (Psalms 102:19; Ezekiel 17:23) Shechakim , "expanses," with reference to the extent of heaven. (33:26; Job 35:5) St. Paul’s expression "third heaven," (
In the Bible, means primarily the region of the air and clouds, and of the planets and stars, but chiefly the world of holy bliss above the visible heavens. It is called "the third heaven," "the highest heaven," and "the heaven of heavens," expressions nearly synonymous. There holy beings are to dwell, seeing all of God that it is possible for creatures to see. Thither Christ ascended, to intercede for his people and prepare for them a place where all shall at length be gathered, to go no more out forever, Eph 4:10 Heb 8:1 9:24-28.
In this life we can know but little of the location and appearance of heaven, or of the employments and blessedness of its inhabitants. The Scriptures inform us that all sin, and every other evil, are forever excluded; no fruits of sin will be found…
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Part — ParticleHTn
קִיץ (quts) is a Hebrew verb meaning to awake or wake up, primarily in the Hiphil form, which indicates causing to awaken. The entries emphasize its literal and figurative use, relating to the abruptness of waking, and suggest a connection to similar roots. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
[קִיץ] vb. Hiph. awake
base
H6974 [קִיץ] Hiph. awake
6974 quwts koots
a primitive root (identical with 6972 through the idea of
abruptness in starting up from sleep (compare 3364)); to awake
(literally or figuratively):--arise, (be) (a-)wake, watch.
see HEBREW for 06972
see HEBREW for 03364
קִיץ (quts) — to awake.
1) to awake, wake up
1a) (Hiphil) to awaken, arouse, show signs of waking, awake
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVhi3mp
a-wak' yaqats, ("to waken"; `ur, "to rouse up" from sleep; egeiro, "to arouse from sleep"): The ordinary terms for awaking from natural slumber: as of Jacob at Bethel (Ge 28:16); of Solomon at Gibeon (1Ki 3:15); of Jesus in the storm-tossed boat (Lu 8:24).
Used figure with striking effect of awaking from mental, moral and spiritual sleep: as when Deborah calls upon herself to awake to the fervor and eloquence of poetry (Jud 5:12); of Zion's awaking to moral vigor and beauty (Isa 52:1); of waking from spiritual death (Eph 5:14); from the grave in resurrection (
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particleHC/Tn
עוּר (uwr) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rouse or awaken. It encompasses various forms, including to rouse oneself, be incited, or act in an excited manner. The entries suggest a range of uses from literal waking to figurative stirring up of emotions or actions, with different grammatical forms indicating nuances in meaning.
[עוּר] vb. rouse oneself, awake
Qal rouse oneself to activity
Niph. be roused; be incited to activity
Pō‛l. rouse, incite to activity
Pilp. rouse (i.e. raise ?) a cry of destruction
Hithpō‛l. and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant
Hiph.
rouse
declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake
base
H5782 [עוּר] rouse oneself, awake
5782 `uwr oor
a primitive root (rather identical with 5783 through the idea
of opening the eyes); to wake (literally or
figuratively):--(a- )wake(-n, up), lift up (self), X master,
raise (up), stir up (self).
see HEBREW for 05783
עוּר (ur) — to rouse.
1) to rouse oneself, awake, awaken, incite
1a) (Qal) to rouse oneself, awake
1b) (Niphal) to be roused
1c) (Polel) to stir up, rouse, incite
1d) (Hithpolel) to be excited, be triumphant
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to rouse, stir up
1e2) to act in an aroused manner, awake
V-Niphal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVNi3mp
The Hebrew word שֵׁנָה, transliterated as she.nah, means 'sleep.' It is derived from a root that suggests a state of rest. The word appears in contexts related to sleep, such as in Psalm 127:2. There is an Aramaic equivalent, also meaning 'sleep,' noted in the entries.
שֵׁנָה, שֵׁנָא, שֵׁנָת n.f. sleep
base
H8142 שֵׁנָה, שֵׁנָא, שֵׁנָת sleep
8142 shehah shay-naw'
or shena (Psa. 127:2) {shay-naw'}; from 3462;
sleep:--sleep.
see HEBREW for 03462
שֵׁנָה (she.nah) — sleep.
sleep
Aramaic equivalent: she.nah (שְׁנָה "sleep" H8139)
Prep | N-fs | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncfsc/Sp3mp
