Job 16:10 — Word Study
WLCפָּעֲר֬וּ עָלַ֨י׀ בְּפִיהֶ֗ם בְּ֭חֶרְפָּה הִכּ֣וּ לְחָיָ֑י יַ֝֗חַד עָלַ֥י יִתְמַלָּאֽוּן׃
BSAThey openpâʻar■ [gape upon, with their mouths wide open] their mouthspeh against meʻal and strikenâkâh■ [smite, hit] my cheekslᵉchîy [jaw, face] with contemptcherpâh [reproach, scorn] they joinmâlêʼ▸ [gather, come together in unity] togetheryachad [as one, in agreement] against meʻal
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| פָּעֲר֬וּ | people have opened wide | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| עָלַ֨י׀ | on me | Preposition, suffix |
| בְּפִיהֶ֗ם | mouth their | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| בְּ֭חֶרְפָּה | in scorn | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| הִכּ֣וּ | they have struck | Verb, Hiphil, perfect third person common plural |
| לְחָיָ֑י | cheeks my | Noun common masculine dual construct, suffix |
| יַ֝֗חַד | together | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עָלַ֥י | on me | Preposition, suffix |
| יִתְמַלָּאֽוּן׃ | they mass themselves ! | Verb hithpael imperfect third person masculine plural, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | They open their mouths against me and strike my cheeks with contempt; they join together against me. |
| KJV | They have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully; they have gathered themselves together against me. |
| ASV | They have gaped upon me with their mouth; They have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully: They gather themselves together against me. |
| YLT | They have gaped on me with their mouth, In reproach they have smitten my cheeks, Together against me they set themselves. |
| WEB | They have gaped on me with their mouth. They have struck me on the cheek reproachfully. They gather themselves together against me. |
| BBE | Their mouths are open wide against me; the blows of his bitter words are falling on my face; all of them come together in a mass against me. |
The translations agree closely on the key actions of the verse.
The verse contains a main clause followed by two phrases that expand on the nature of the attack, illustrating Job's distress.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbפָּעַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 16:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Lamentgenerated
Job 16:10 captures Job's deep pain as he describes how others lash out at him with their words and actions. This verse is part of Job's response to his friends, expressing his feelings of being unjustly attacked and ridiculed. Job's suffering is compounded by the sense of betrayal from those he expected to support him, making his plight even more poignant.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 22:13–16 | They open their jaws against me like lions that roar and maul. |
| 2 | Psalm 35:21 | They gape at me and say, “Aha, aha! Our eyes have seen!” |
| 3 | Luke 23:35–36 | The people stood watching, and the rulers sneered at Him, saying, “He saved others; let Him save Himself if He is the Christ of God, the Chosen One.” |
| 4 | 1 Kings 22:24 | Then Zedekiah son of Chenaanah went up, struck Micaiah in the face, and demanded, “Which way did the Spirit of the LORD go when He departed from me to speak with you?” |
| 5 | 2 Chronicles 18:23 | Then Zedekiah son of Chenaanah went up, struck Micaiah in the face, and demanded, “Which way did the Spirit of the LORD go when He departed from me to speak with you?” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 15 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — פָּעֲר֬וּ, pa.'a.Rugenerated
The verb פָּעַר (pa`ar) means to open wide, often in reference to the mouth. It conveys a vivid image of people gaping at Job, emphasizing their contempt and hostility towards him.
This word is used in a perfect tense, indicating that the action has been completed — the opening of their mouths against Job is an ongoing reality of his suffering.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the rendering of the key actions in this verse.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of this verse revolves around two finite verbs: פָּעֲר֬וּ (they open) and הִכּ֣וּ (they strike), which are the main actions Job describes. The first verb introduces the verbal attack, while the second verb illustrates the physical assault.
The sentence is complex, with prepositional phrases describing the nature of the actions and the target of the scorn, creating a layered expression of Job's anguish.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the corresponding Greek word for פָּעַר is rendered as ὀχεῖ, which carries a similar meaning of opening wide. This choice reflects the translators' intent to convey the depth of Job's emotional pain.
The use of ἔπαισέν for הִכּ֣וּ emphasizes the act of striking, aligning with the physical aggression Job describes.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 16:10 shows Job lamenting how people verbally attack him and strike him with contempt. He feels isolated as they unite against him, expressing deep sorrow over his situation.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job is expressing how others speak ill of him, attacking his character and dignity through their words.
He describes their actions as both verbal and physical; they not only speak against him but also strike him in contempt.
It implies a united front among those who oppose Job, highlighting the intensity and collective nature of his suffering.
Job conveys feelings of betrayal, pain, and isolation as he faces scorn and hostility from those around him.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I respond when I face criticism or contempt from others?
- What can I learn from Job's experience about enduring hardship and betrayal?
- In what ways can I support someone who is facing unjust treatment?
- How does understanding Job's suffering help me in my own struggles?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators like Gregory the Dialogist reflect on Job's suffering, interpreting his words as a testimony against those who reproach him.
Ver. 10. My wrinkles speak a testimony against me. What is denoted by 'wrinkles,' but doubledealing? and so all they are wrinkles of Holy Church, who therein live in doubledealing, who avouch the faith with their voices,Early Church Fathers on Job 16 →
Ver. 10. They have gaped upon me with their mouth, reproaching me. Lost sinners open their mouths 'in reproaching,' when they at once do not fear to proclaim the mischiefs of their errors,Early Church Fathers on Job 16 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 16:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey have gaped upon me with their mouth,.... Here Job speaks of the instruments which God suffered to use him ill; and he has respect to his friends who came with open mouth against him, loading him
Read John Gill on Job 16 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully; they have gathered themselves together against me.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 16 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey; the instruments of God’ s anger, my friends, as they are falsely called. Gaped upon me with their mouth; opened their mouths wide against me; either, 1. To devour and destroy me; as a lion which falls upon his prey with open mouth, as this phrase is used, ,14. And this they did aggravating and increasing his sorrows, whereby he was well-nigh overwhelmed. Or, 2. To scoff and deride me, as it follows, and as this phrase is most commonly used, as 35:21. Reproachfully; or, by reproach; or in way of scorn and contempt; whereof such smiting was a sign, as . The sign is here put for the thing signified; they despised and derided me. They have gathered themselves together against me, i.e.…
Read Matthew Poole on Job 16 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 16:10 They have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully; they have gathered themselves together against me.Ver. 10. They have gaped upon me with their mouth] They? who? Non solum Deus, nec solum amici mei, sed tota rerum machina mihi adversatur, Not God only, nor these friends of mine, but all the creatures are up in arms against me, and threateneth to devour me at one morsel. They have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully] i.e. They have done me all the disgrace that may be. See Lamentations 3:30 2 Corinthians 11:20-21 Micah 5:1 Acts 23:1-2; John 18:22. Our Saviour was so served according to the letter; they gaped upon him, mowed at him…
Read John Trapp on Job 16 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. Picture of the hostility of men—the pack of petty foes that howl at the heels of his greater enemy. have gaped] Rather, they gape. Similarly, they smite. The figure of wild beasts is not strictly maintained, but passes in the second clause into the reality. The gestures described are those of contempt and destructive hatred, see Psalms 22:13, Isaiah 57:4, Micah 5:1, Lamentations 3:30; cf. John 18:22; John 19:3, Acts 23:2. they have gathered themselves] they gather. The phrase means probably that they fling themselves in one body upon him, they combine in their attack against him.
Read Cambridge on Job 16 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThey have gaped upon me - Changing the form from the singular to the plural, and including “all” his pretended friends. Such a change in the number is not uncommon.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 16 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible10. They have gaped upon me — As in many other instances, the subject of the sentence is left unexpressed. The thought is thus rendered more solemn and emphatic.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 16 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
They open their mouths against me and strike my cheeks with contempt; they join together against me.
They have gaped on me with their mouth. They have struck me on the cheek reproachfully. They gather themselves together against me.
They open their mouths against me and strike my cheeks with contempt; they join together against me.
People have opened their mouths against me, they have struck my cheek in scorn; they unite together against me.
Tyndale line
They have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully; they have gathered themselves together against me.
They have gaped upon me with their mouth; They have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully: They gather themselves together against me.
They have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully: they gather themselves together against me.
They have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully; they have gathered themselves against me.
They haue opened their mouthes vpon me, and smitten me on the cheeke in reproch; they gather themselues together against me.
Strictly literal
They gape upon me with their mouth; they smite my cheeks reproachfully; they range themselves together against me.
They have gaped on me with their mouth, In reproach they have smitten my cheeks, Together against me they set themselves.
They have gaped on me with their mouth, || In reproach they have struck my cheeks, || Together they set themselves against me.
They now open wide against me their mouth; reproachfully they smite my cheek: altogether do they assemble against me.
People have gaped with open mouth at me; they have hit me reproachfully on the cheek; they have gathered together against me.
From the Latin
He hath gathered together his fury against me, and threatening me he hath gnashed with his teeth upon me: my enemy hath beheld me with terrible eyes.
Simplified
People stare at me with their mouths wide open, they slap me on my cheeks to mock me, they crowd around me to attack me.
Their mouths are open wide against me; the blows of his bitter words are falling on my face; all of them come together in a mass against me.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show a strong correspondence, with 6 of the 9 words matched. This indicates a consistent transmission of the verse's content, though the Septuagint's word order differs.
פָּעֲר֬וּ עָלַ֨י׀ בְּפִיהֶ֗ם בְּ֭חֶרְפָּה הִכּ֣וּ לְחָיָ֑י יַ֝֗חַד עָלַ֥י יִתְמַלָּאֽוּן׃
6 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 16:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
פָּעַר (pa`ar) is a primitive root meaning to open wide, particularly in reference to the mouth. It conveys the idea of gaping or yawning, both literally and figuratively. The entries consistently emphasize this notion of opening wide without any noted disagreements.
[פָּעַר] vb. open wide (the mouth)
base
H6473 [פָּעַר] open wide (the mouth)
6473 pa`ar paw-ar'
a primitive root; to yawn, i.e. open wide (literally or
figuratively):--gape, open (wide).
פָּעַר (pa.ar) — to open.
1) to open wide, gape
1a) (Qal) to gape
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word פֶּה (*peh*) means 'mouth' and encompasses various meanings, including the mouth of a person or animal, as well as openings or orifices. It can also refer to speech, edges, and portions. Additionally, it denotes a weight equal to one third of a shekel, found in 1 Samuel 13:21.
פֶּה 485 n.m. mouth
mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking
external organ
much oftener, as organ of speech, of man
as laughing; panting
of God
of idols
of musical instr. = sound
of animals; hence of edge of sword
mouth = opening, orifice
extremity, end
= portion
with preps.
base
H6310 פֶּה mouth . . mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking
. external organ
. . much oftener, as organ of speech, of man
. as laughing; panting
. of God
. of idols
. of musical instr. = sound
. of animals
. mouth = opening, orifice
. . extremity, end
. = portion
. with preps.
6310 peh peh
from 6284; the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether
literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically
edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition)
according to:--accord(-ing as, -ing to), after, appointment,
assent, collar, command(-ment), X eat, edge, end, entry, +
file, hole, X in, mind, mouth, part, portion, X (should)
say(-ing), sentence, skirt, sound, speech, X spoken, talk,
tenor, X to, + two-edged, wish, word.
see HEBREW for 06284
פֶּה (peh) — lip.
: lip/mouth
peh
1) mouth
1a) mouth (of man)
1b) mouth (as organ of speech)
1c) mouth (of animals)
1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)
1e) extremity, end pim
2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21
פֶּה (peh) — lip: edge.
: edge
peh
1) mouth
1a) mouth (of man)
1b) mouth (as organ of speech)
1c) mouth (of animals)
1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)
1e) extremity, end pim
2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21
פֶּה (peh) — lip: word.
: word/command
peh
1) mouth
1a) mouth (of man)
1b) mouth (as organ of speech)
1c) mouth (of animals)
1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)
1e) extremity, end pim
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp3mp
חֶרְפָּה (cherpah) means reproach or taunt, often associated with shame or disgrace. It can refer to the condition of being reproached or the object of reproach itself. The word is derived from חָרַף (charaf), which relates to scorn or rebuke.
חֶרְפָּה n.f. reproach
taunt of enemy
reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace
a reproach, the object of reproach, the person or thing reproached
base
H2781 חֶרְפָּה reproach . taunt of enemy
. reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace
. a reproach, the object of reproach, the person or thing reproached
2781 cherpah kher-paw'
from 2778; contumely, disgrace, the pudenda:--rebuke,
reproach(-fully), shame.
see HEBREW for 02778
חֶרְפָּה (cher.pah) — reproach.
1) reproach, scorn
1a) taunt, scorn (upon enemy)
1b) reproach (resting upon condition of shame, disgrace)
1c) a reproach (an object)
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
skorn: Fox Talbot connects this English word with the Danish skarn, "dirt," "ordure" "mud," "mire." As distinguished from such words as "mock," "deride," "scoff," all of which refer specifically to the various ways in which scorn finds outward expression, scorn itself denotes a subjective state or reaction.
Further, this state or reaction is not simple but complex. It includes a sense of superiority, resentment, and aversion. This reaction occurs when one is confronted with a person or a proposition that by challenging certain things for itself evokes a vivid sense of one's own superiority and awakens mingled resentment, repulsion and contempt by the hollowness of its claims and its intrinsic inferiority or worse. Scorn is a hotter, fiercer emotion than disdain or contempt. It is obvious that scorn may--indeed, it not uncommonly does--arise in connection with an not grounded, arrogant…
נָכָה (nakah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to strike or smite, encompassing a range of actions from lightly hitting to fatal blows. It appears in various forms, indicating actions like attacking, punishing, or causing disease. The entries suggest its use in both literal and figurative contexts, including divine judgment and applause. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
[נָכָה] 501 vb. smite (not in Qal)
Niph. and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die
Pu. both be smitten down by the hail
Hiph.
lit., smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike
smite repeatedly, beat a man
and they clapped hands (in applause)
give a thrust (with fork) into pot; strike roots
rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound
smite, of sun
Smite fatally
Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company
Of God
smite with a plague, disease, etc.
smite = chastise, or send judgment upon
of God’s destroying palaces
Hoph. be smitten
base
H5221 נָכָה smite (not in Qal) . and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die
. both be smitten down by the hail
. . . lit., smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike
. smite repeatedly, beat a man
. and they clapped hands (in applause)
. give a thrust (with fork) into pot; strike roots
. rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound
. smite, of sun
. Smite fatally
. Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company
. Of God . smite with a plague, disease, etc.
. smite = chastise, or send judgment upon
. of God’s destroying palaces
. be smitten
5221 nakah naw-kaw'
a primitive root; to strike (lightly or severely, literally
or figuratively):--beat, cast forth, clap, give (wounds), X
go forward, X indeed, kill, make (slaughter), murderer,
punish, slaughter, slay(-er, -ing), smite(-r, -ing), strike,
be stricken, (give) stripes, X surely, wound.
נָכָה (na.khah) — to smite.
1) to strike, smite, hit, beat, slay, kill
1a)(Niphal) to be stricken or smitten
1b) (Pual) to be stricken or smitten
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to smite, strike, beat, scourge, clap, applaud, give a thrust
1c2) to smite, kill, slay (man or beast)
1c3) to smite, attack, attack and destroy, conquer, subjugate, ravage
1c4) to smite, chastise, send judgment upon, punish, destroy
1d) (Hophal) to be smitten
1d1) to receive a blow
1d2) to be wounded
1d3) to be beaten
1d4) to be (fatally) smitten, be killed, be slain
1d5) to be attacked and captured
1d6) to be smitten (with disease)
1d7) to be blighted (of plants)
V-Hiphil-Perf-3cp — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person common pluralHVhp3cp
לְחִי (lechi) refers to the jaw or cheek, derived from a root meaning to be soft, highlighting its fleshy nature. It encompasses both the jawbone of animals and the cheek of humans. The entries also note its connection to the name Lehi, which shares the same root.
לְחִי n.m. jaw, cheek
jaw, jawbone, of animal
cheek, of man
base
H3895 לְחִי jaw, cheek
3895 lchiy lekh-ee'
from an unused root meaning to be soft; the cheek (from its
fleshiness); hence, the jaw-bone:--cheek (bone), jaw (bone).
לְחִי (le.chi) — Lehi.
This name means jaw, cheek
Another name of le.chi (לֶחִי "Lehi" H3896)
לְחִי (le.chi) — jaw.
1) jaw, cheek
1a) jaw, jawbone (of animal)
1b) cheek (of man)
N-cd | Suff — Noun common masculine dual construct · suffixHNcmdc/Sp1bs
יַ֫חַד (yachad) refers to the concept of unitedness or being together. It can function as a noun meaning 'unitedness' and as an adverb meaning 'together.' The word is built from a root that emphasizes unity and is used in various contexts in the Old Testament.
יַ֫חַד 45 n.[m.] unitedness
as subst.
elsewhere always in acc. as adv. in union, together
base
יָחְדָּו 92 adv. together
base
H3162a יַ֫חַד unitedness . as subst.
. elsewhere always in acc. as adv. in union, together
H3162b יָחְדָּו adv. together
3162 yachad yakh'-ad
from 3161; properly, a unit, i.e. (adverb) unitedly:--alike,
at all (once), both, likewise, only, (al-)together, withal.
see HEBREW for 03161
יַ֫חַד (ya.chad) — unitedness.
1) union, unitedness
יָחְדָּו (yach.dav) — together.
adv
together
Adv — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
מָלֵא (male') means 'to fill' or 'be full,' with applications ranging from literal filling to figurative uses like accomplishing or completing something. It appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances such as being satisfied or confirming. Notably, it can also refer to massing against someone.
מָלֵא 249 vb. be full, fill
Qal 99
be full, usu. c. acc. material
trans. fill
Niph.
be filled
be accomplished, ended
Pi.
fill
special uses are:
fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
Pu. filled
Hithp. mass themselves against me
base
H4390 מָלֵא be full, fill .. be full, usu. c. acc. material
. trans. fill
. . be filled
. be accomplished, ended
. . fill
. special uses are:
. fulfil, accomplish, complete, obj. week, year, day
. filled
. mass themselves against me
4390 male' maw-lay'
or malae (Esth. 7:5) {maw-law'}; a primitive root, to fill or
(intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally
and figuratively):--accomplish, confirm, + consecrate, be at
an end, be expired, be fenced, fill, fulfil, (be, become, X
draw, give in, go) full(-ly, -ly set, tale), (over-)flow,
fulness, furnish, gather (selves, together), presume,
replenish, satisfy, set, space, take a (hand-)full, + have
wholly.
מָלֵא (ma.le) — to fill.
1) to fill, be full
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be full
1a1a) fulness, abundance (participle)
1a1b) to be full, be accomplished, be ended
1a2) to consecrate, fill the hand
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be filled, be armed, be satisfied
1b2) to be accomplished, be ended
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to fill
1c2) to satisfy
1c3) to fulfil, accomplish, complete
1c4) to confirm
1d) (Pual) to be filled
1e) (Hithpael) to mass themselves against
Aramaic equivalent: me.la (מְלָא "to fill" H4391)
V-Hithpael-Imperf-3mp | Suff — Verb hithpael imperfect third person masculine plural · suffixHVti3mp/Sn