Job 19:6 — Word Study
WLCדְּֽעוּ־ אֵ֭פוֹ כִּי־ אֱל֣וֹהַּ עִוְּתָ֑נִי וּ֝מְצוּד֗וֹ עָלַ֥י הִקִּֽיף׃
BSAthenʼêphôw [at this point, now] understandyâdaʻ thatkîy ◂it is Godʼĕlôwahh [Eloah, the one true deity] who has wronged meʻâvath■ [perverted, twisted] aroundnâqaph■ meʻal [upon, above, and enclosing me]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| דְּֽעוּ־ | know | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine plural |
| אֵ֭פוֹ | then | Particle |
| כִּי־ | that | Particle |
| אֱל֣וֹהַּ | God | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עִוְּתָ֑נִי | he has wronged me | Verb piel perfect third person masculine singular, suffix |
| וּ֝מְצוּד֗וֹ | and net his | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| עָלַ֥י | over me | Preposition, suffix |
| הִקִּֽיף׃ | he has closed | Verb, Hiphil, perfect third person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | then understand that it is God who has wronged me and drawn His net around me. |
| KJV | Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath compassed me with his net. |
| ASV | Know now that God hath subverted me in my cause, And hath compassed me with his net. |
| YLT | Know now, that God turned me upside down, And His net against me hath set round, |
| WEB | know now that God has subverted me, and has surrounded me with his net. |
| BBE | Be certain that it is God who has done me wrong, and has taken me in his net. |
Where they part company is אֵפוֹ — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause is followed by a causal clause explaining the subject's action, with a prepositional phrase detailing the nature of Job's entrapment.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאֱלֹוהַּ
verbיָדַע
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 19:6
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Lamentgenerated
Job 19:6 captures Job's plea amidst his suffering, as he calls for understanding regarding his plight. He feels wronged by God and expresses his anguish over the perceived injustice he faces. This verse is part of a larger discourse where Job grapples with the accusations of his friends and seeks to clarify his relationship with God, emphasizing his innocence in the face of their judgments.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 7:20 | If I have sinned, what have I done to You, O watcher of mankind? Why have You made me Your target, so that I am a burden to You ? |
| 2 | Job 16:11–14 | God has delivered me to unjust men; He has thrown me to the clutches of the wicked. |
| 3 | Psalm 44:9–14 | But You have rejected and humbled us; You no longer go forth with our armies. |
| 4 | Psalm 66:10–12 | For You, O God, have tested us; You have refined us like silver. |
| 5 | Job 18:8–10 | For his own feet lead him into a net, and he wanders into its mesh. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יָדַע, de.'u-generated
The Hebrew verb יָדַע (yada`) means 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of meanings such as perception, recognition, and experience. In this imperative form, Job urges his listeners to understand his situation, emphasizing the need for awareness and acknowledgment of his suffering.
This word is foundational in Hebrew thought, often relating to knowledge that comes from experience or relationship. Job's use of it here is a call to recognize the truth of his circumstances and the role of God in his affliction.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which has understand for the imperative יָדַע. Other translations, such as the KJV and ASV, also use know, maintaining the imperative tone.
Where they part company is in the rendering of אֵפוֹ. The BSB uses then, while others like the ASV and KJV opt for now, indicating a slight difference in temporal emphasis.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb דְּֽעוּ (know) governs the entire verse, with the subject אֱל֣וֹהַּ (God) following it, indicating who has wronged Job. The structure emphasizes Job's call for his listeners to recognize the truth of his suffering.
The sentence unfolds with Job's imperative followed by a causal clause introduced by כִּי־ (that), linking his understanding to the actions of God, and concluding with a description of his entrapment.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יָדַע as γνῶτε (gnōte), which also means 'to know' but carries a slightly different nuance in Greek, often implying a deeper or more philosophical understanding.
This choice reflects a broader interpretation of Job's plea, suggesting a call not just for awareness but for a profound recognition of divine justice in his suffering.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 19:6 expresses Job's anguish as he calls for understanding from his friends regarding his suffering. He asserts that it is God who has wronged him and surrounded him with troubles, highlighting his feeling of entrapment and injustice.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job feels that God has treated him unjustly, leading to his suffering and despair, which he struggles to understand.
Job's call for understanding emphasizes his innocence and challenges the assumptions made by his friends about his suffering being a result of sin.
The word 'know' signifies a deeper awareness and recognition of the truth of Job's situation, urging his friends to see beyond their judgments.
Job's feeling of entrapment reflects the broader theme of suffering and the quest for justice and understanding in the face of divine silence.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced feelings of injustice in my life, and how can I articulate them like Job?
- How can I better understand the suffering of others and respond with compassion rather than judgment?
- What does it mean to me to recognize God's role in my circumstances, both good and bad?
- How can I seek deeper understanding in my relationship with God during difficult times?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early church fathers referenced this verse to discuss the nature of suffering and divine justice, highlighting Job's plea for understanding amidst his trials.
Know now at least that God hath afflicted me with no just judgment. O, how hard does the voice of the righteous man sound, suffering under the infliction of the rod! Which same, however, not pride,Early Church Fathers on Job 19 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 19:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleKnow now that God hath overthrown me,.... He would have them take notice that all his afflictions were from the hand of God; and therefore should take care to what they imputed any acts of his, whose
Read John Gill on Job 19 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryKnow now that God hath overthrown me, and hath compassed me with his net. Compassed ... net - alluding to Bildad's words (Job 18:8).
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 19 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleKnow now; consider what I am now saying. Hath overthrown me; hath grievously afflicted me in all kinds; therefore it ill becomes you to aggravate my miseries; and if my passions, hereby raised, have broken forth into some extravagant and unmeet expressions, I might expect your pity and favourable construction, and not such severe censures and reproaches. Heb. God hath perverted me, i.e. either my state or condition, as was now said, or my right and cause. He oppresseth me with power, and will not give me a fair hearing, as it follows, . He giveth me very hard measure, and dealeth worse with me than I might in reason and justice expect from so wise and good a God. This is a harsh reflection…
Read Matthew Poole on Job 19 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 19:6 Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath compassed me with his net.Ver. 6. Know that God hath overthrown me] Do not you therefore add affliction to the afflicted, which is so odious a thing to God, Psalms 41:2; Psalms 69:26; but regard the greatness of mine evils, which draw these complaints from me that seem so immoderate to you. See Job 6:2 (Diodati). And hath compassed me with his net] Hath encompassed me round with affliction, that I can get out no way. A hunting term, Job 10:16 Lamentations 1:13 Ezekiel 12:13 Hosea 7:12. Bildad had made much mention of nets and gins, wherein God ensnareth and ensnarleth the wicked, Job 18:8-9. Job granteth that God’ s net had encompassed…
Read John Trapp on Job 19 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(6) Know now that God hath overthrown me.—Bildad had spoken a great deal about the wicked being snared by his own sin, and now Job, without actually quoting his words—for he uses a word for net that Bildad had not used—speaks to their substance. It is God who has taken him in His net and compassed him about therewith. This is the assertion he has made before (Job 16:7; Job 13:27, &c.).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 19 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 6. Know now that God hath overthrown me] The matter is between him and me, and he has not commissioned you to add reproaches to his chastisements. And hath compassed me with his net.] There may be an allusion here to the different modes of hunting which have been already referred to in the preceding chapter. But if we take the whole verse together, and read the latter clause before the former, thus, "Know, therefore, that God hath encompassed me with his net, and overthrown me;" the allusion may be to an ancient mode of combat practised among the ancient Persians, ancient Goths, and among the Romans. The custom among the Romans was this: "One of the combatants was armed with a sword…
Read AdamClarke on Job 19 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges6. Know now] Or, as we say, know then. The word God is emphatic. overthrown me] More probably, perverted my right (Job 19:7); this, not his guilt, is the explanation of his afflictions. By his reference to the “net” of God Job repudiates the statements of Bildad, ch. Job 18:8 seq.; it was not his own feet that led him into the net, God had thrown it about him.
Read Cambridge on Job 19 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleKnow now that God - Understand the case; and in order that they might, he goes into an extended description of the calamities which God had brought upon him.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 19 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
then understand that it is God who has wronged me and drawn His net around me.
know now that God has subverted me, and has surrounded me with his net.
then understand that it is God who has wronged me and drawn His net around me.
know then that God has wronged me and encircled me with his net.
Tyndale line
Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath compassed me with his net.
Know now that God hath subverted me in my cause, And hath compassed me with his net.
Know now that God hath subverted me in my cause, and hath compassed me with his net.
Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath encompassed me with his net.
Know nowe, that God hath ouerthrowen me, and hath compassed me with his net.
Strictly literal
Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath surrounded me with his net.
Know now, that God turned me upside down, And His net against me hath set round,
Know now, that God turned me upside down, || And has set around His net against me,
Then know for certain that God hath bent me down, and hath laid his net all around me.
then you should know that God has done wrong to me and has caught me in his net.
From the Latin
At least now understand, that God hath not afflicted me with an equal judgment, and compassed me with his scourges.
Simplified
But you should realize that it's God who has wronged me, he has trapped me in his net.
Be certain that it is God who has done me wrong, and has taken me in his net.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of Job 19:6, with six of the eight Hebrew words matched in the Greek translation. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of Job's lament across these texts.
דְּֽעוּ־ אֵ֭פוֹ כִּי־ אֱל֣וֹהַּ עִוְּתָ֑נִי וּ֝מְצוּד֗וֹ עָלַ֥י הִקִּֽיף׃
6 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 19:6
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יָדַע (yada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of senses including perception, recognition, and experience. It can refer to knowing someone intimately or being skilled in a task. The word has various forms, indicating actions such as making known or being made known. Lexicons note its use in both literal and figurative contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
יָדַע 943 vb. know
Qal
know, learn to know
perceive
perceive and see; find out and discern
discriminate, distinguish
know by experience
recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
consider
not know = not expect
know a person, be acquainted with
know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
be skilful in
abs. have knowledge, be wise
Niph.
be made known, be or become known, of things
make oneself known of pers.
be perceived
be instructed
Pi. cause to know
Pu. known
Hiph. make known, declare
Hoph. made known
Hithp. make oneself known
base
H3045 יָדַע know .. . know, learn to know
. perceive
. perceive and see; find out and discern
. discriminate, distinguish
. know by experience
. recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
. consider
. not know = not expect
. know a person, be acquainted with
. know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
. . know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
. be skilful in
. abs. have knowledge, be wise
. . be made known, be or become known, of things
. make oneself known of pers.
. be perceived
. be instructed
. cause to know
. known
. make known, declare
. made known
. make oneself known
3045 yada` yaw-dah'
a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing);
used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally,
euphemistically and inferentially (including observation,
care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation,
punishment, etc.) (as follow):--acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted
with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware,
(un-)awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, X
could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to)
discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel,
can have, be (ig-)norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause
to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have
(knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, + be
learned, + lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, X
prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man
of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell,
יָדַע (ya.da) — to know.
1) to know
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to know
1a1a) to know, learn to know
1a1b) to perceive
1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern
1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish
1a1e) to know by experience
1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess
1a1g) to consider
1a2) to know, be acquainted with
1a3) to know (a person carnally)
1a4) to know how, be skilful in
1a5) to have knowledge, be wise
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed
1b2) to make oneself known
1b3) to be perceived
1b4) to be instructed
1c) (Piel) to cause to know
1d) (Poal) to cause to know
1e) (Pual)
1e1) to be known
1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle)
1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare
1g) (Hophal) to be made known
1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself
Aramaic equivalent: ye.da (יְדַע "to know" H3046)
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine pluralHVqv2mp
אֵפוֹ ('ephow) is a demonstrative particle primarily meaning 'then' or 'now.' It can indicate time or serve as an interrogative. The entries consistently describe its use in contexts of time, such as 'here' or 'where,' but do not provide any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אֵפוֹ, elsewh. אֵפוֹא enclitic part. then
base
H645 אֵפוֹ, elsewh. אֵפוֹא then
645 'ephow ay-fo'
or hephowe {ay-fo'}; from 6311; strictly a demonstrative
particle, here; but used of time, now or then:--here, now,
where?
see HEBREW for 06311
אֵפוֹ (e.pho) — then.
1) then, now, so
1a) (who) then, (what) then (with interrog)
1b) then (with imperative-i.e. know then)
1c) if...then (with adv)
Adv — ParticleHTj
כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'
כִּי conj. that, for, when
that
Of time, when, of the past
elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
Because, since
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that
. . Of time, when, of the past
. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
. Because, since
H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
3588 kiy kee
a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional
prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent
or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative
conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by
other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,
where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,
even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +
nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,
therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,
whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
כִּי (ki) — for.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if
1f) but rather, but
1g) except that
1h) only, nevertheless
1i) surely
1j) that is
1k) but if
1l) for though
1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
1b) even though
כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
Conj — ParticleHTc
The Hebrew word אֱלֹהַּ (*'elowahh*) refers to a deity or the Deity, translating to 'God' or 'god.' It is derived from a root meaning 'to be strong' and can also denote a false god. The term appears in various contexts, including ancient poetry and references to heathen gods.
אֱלֹהַּ 67; elsewhere אֱלוֹהַּ n.m. god, God
a heathen god, late usage
God, used in ancient poems
base
H433 אֱלֹהַּ; elsewhere אֱלוֹהַּ god, God
433 'elowahh el-o'-ah; rarely (shortened) >eloahh {el-o'-ah
probably prolonged (emphat.) from 410; a deity or the
Deity:--God, god. See 430.
see HEBREW for 0410
see HEBREW for 0430
אֱלֹהַּ (e.lo.ah) — god.
1) God
2) false god
Aramaic equivalent: e.lah (אֱלָהּ "god" H0426)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
god ('Elohim, 'El, [`Elyon], Shadday, Yahweh; Theos):
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL IDEA
1. The Idea in Experience and in Thought
2. Definition of the Idea
3. The Knowledge of God
4. Ethnic Ideas of God
(1) Animism
(2) Fetishism
(3) Idolatry
(4) Polytheism
(5) Henotheism
(6) Pantheism
(7) Deism
(8) Semitic Monolatry
(9) Monotheism
II. THE IDEA OF GOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
1. The Course of Its Development
2. Forms of Its Manifestation
(1) The Face or Countenance of God
(2) The Voice and Word of God
(3) The Glory of God
(4) The Angel of God
(5) The Spirit of God
(6) The Name of God
(7) Occasional Forms
3. The Names of God
(1) Generic
(2) Attributive
(3) Yahweh
4. Pre-prophetic Conceptions of God
(1) Yahweh Alone Is the God of Israel
(a) His Early Worship
(b) Popular Religion
(c) Polytheistic Tendencies
(i) Coordination
(ii) Assimilation
(iii) Disintegration
(d) No Hebrew Goddesses
(e) Human Sacrifices
God
(A.S. and Dutch God; Dan. Gud; Ger. Gott), the name of the Divine Being. It is the rendering (1) of the Hebrew ’El, from a word meaning to be strong; (2) of ’Eloah_, plural _’Elohim. The singular form, Eloah, is used only in poetry. The plural form is more commonly used in all parts of the Bible, The Hebrew word Jehovah (q.v.), the only other word generally employed to denote the Supreme Being, is uniformly rendered in the Authorized Version by “LORD,” printed in small capitals. The existence of God is taken for granted in the Bible. There is nowhere any argument to prove it. He who disbelieves this truth is spoken of as one devoid of understanding (Ps. 14:1).
The arguments generally adduced by theologians in proof of the being of God are:
(1.) The a priori argument, which is the testimony afforded by reason.
(good). Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures two chief names are used for the one true divine Being--ELOHIM, commonly translated God in our version, and JEHOVAH, translated Lord . Elohim is the plural of Eloah (in Arabic Allah); it is often used in the short form EL (a word signifying strength , as in EL-SHADDAI, God Almighty, the name by which God was specially known to the patriarchs. (Genesis 17:1; 28:3; Exodus 6:3) The etymology is uncertain, but it is generally agreed that the primary idea is that of strength, power of effect , and that it properly describes God in that character in which he is exhibited to all men in his works, as the creator, sustainer and supreme governor of the world. The plural form of Elohim has given rise to much discussion. The fanciful idea that it…
This name, the derivation of which is uncertain, we give to that eternal, infinite, perfect, and incomprehensible Being, the Creator of all things, who preserves and governs all by his almighty power and wisdom, and is the only proper object of worship. The proper Hebrew name for God is JEHOVAH, which signifies He is. But the Jews, from a feeling of reverence, avoid pronouncing this name, substituting for it, wherever it occurs in the sacred test, the word ADONAI, Lord; except in the expression, ADONAI JEHOVAH, Lord Jehovah, for which they put, ADONAI ELOHIM, Lord God. This usage, which is not without an element of superstition, is very ancient, dating its origin some centuries before Christ; but there is no good ground for assuming its existence in the days of the inspired Old Testament writers. The proper word for God is ELOHIM, which is plural in its form, being thus used to signify…
The Hebrew word עָוַת (*avath*) is a primitive root meaning to wrest or make crooked. It covers actions like perverting, falsifying, and subverting, often in contexts related to justice or morality. The entries indicate various forms, including making something crooked or bending oneself.
[עָוַת] vb. be bent, crooked
Pi.
make crooked = falsify scales; pervert justice
bend, make crooked
Pu. what is bent
Hithp. and the strong men bend themselves.
base
H5791 עָוַת
5791 `avath aw-vath'
a primitive root; to wrest:--bow self, (make) crooked.,
falsifying, overthrow, deal perversely, pervert, subvert, turn
upside down.
עָוַת (a.vat) — to pervert.
1) to be bent, be crooked, bend, make crooked, pervert
1a)(Piel)
1a1) to make crooked, falsify, pervert, subvert
1a2) to bend, make crooked
1b) (Pual) thing bent (participle)
1c) (Hithpael) to bend oneself
V-Piel-Perf-3ms | Suff — Verb piel perfect third person masculine singular · suffixHVpp3ms/Sp1bs
מָצוֹד (matsowd) refers to a range of concepts including siege-works, hunting implements like nets, and strongholds. It is built from the root meaning to capture or ensnare. The entries indicate that it can denote both a physical net for catching animals and a fortified position. Notably, the lexicons mention its use in Ecclesiastes 9:14.
[מָצוֹד] n.m. in pl., dub., usu. siege-works;—Ec 9:14
ref
[מָצוֹד] n.[m.] hunting implement, specif. net
base
מְצוֹדָה n.f. net
base
[מְצוֹדָה] n.f. fastness, stronghold
base
H4685a מָצוֹד in pl., dub., usu. siege-works H4685b מָצוֹד hunting implement H4685c מְצוֹדָה net H4685d מְצוֹדָה fastness, stronghold
4685 matsowd maw-tsode'
or (feminine) mtsowdah {mets-o-daw'}; or mtsodah
{mets-o-daw'}; from 6679; a net (for capturing animals or
fishes):--also (by interchange for 4679) a fastness or
(beseiging) tower:--bulwark, hold, munition, net, snare.
see HEBREW for 06679
see HEBREW for 04679
מָצוֹד (ma.tsod) — siegework.
siege-works, bulwark
מָצוֹד (ma.tsod) — net.
hunting implement, net
Also means: me.tso.dah (מְצוֹדָה "net" H4685C)
מְצוֹדָה (me.tso.dah) — net.
net
Another spelling of ma.tsod (מָצוֹד "net" H4685B)
מְצוֹדָה (me.tso.dah) — stronghold.
fastness, stronghold
HC/Ncmsc/Sp3ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
נָקַף (naqaph) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to striking and surrounding. It can denote striking off or going around, encompassing, or completing a circuit. The entries suggest it covers both violent actions, like cutting down, and more passive ones, like surrounding or encompassing. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[נָקַף] vb. strike off
Niph. and the thickets of the forest shall be struck away
Pi. after my skin, which they have struck off
base
[נָקַף] vb. go around (intrans.)
Qal let feasts go around
Hiph.
go around, surround, encompass
make the round, i.e. complete the circuit
make round, round off (lit.)
base
H5362a נָקַף strike off H5362b נָקַף go around (intrans.) .let feasts go around
. . go around, surround, encompass
. make the round, i.e. complete the circuit
. make round, round off (lit.)
5362 naqaph naw-kaf'
a primitive root; to strike with more or less violence (beat,
fell, corrode); by implication (of attack) to knock together,
i.e. surround or circulate:--compass (about, -ing), cut down,
destroy, go round (about), inclose, round.
נָקַף (na.qaph) — to strike.
1) to strike, strike off
1a) (Piel) to strike off skin
Aramaic equivalent: ne.qash (נְקַשׁ "to knock" H5368)
נָקַף (na.qaph) — to surround.
1) to go around, compass, round
1a) (Qal) to go around
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to go around, surround, encompass, enclose
1b2) to make the round, complete the circuit
1b3) to make round, round off
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person masculine singularHVhp3ms
