Menu

Job 31:27 — Word Study

Depth

WLCוַיִּ֣פְתְּ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לִבִּ֑י וַתִּשַּׁ֖ק יָדִ֣י לְפִֽי׃

BSAso that my heartlêb [the seat of feelings, will, and intellect] was secretlyçêther [in hiding, under cover] enticedpâthâh [deceived, tempted] and my handyâd [an open hand; strength, a side or share] threw a kissnâshaq [a gesture of worship or affection] from my mouthpeh [lips, the edge of something]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 31
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 27 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (le.Fi) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 31:27quick helps
In a sentenceJob reflects on the temptation of his heart and the actions that followed.
Who is speakingJob, expressing his inner thoughts and feelings.
Where we areIn a series of declarations about his integrity and moral standing.
The hard wordפָּתָה
Take awayThe heart can be secretly enticed, leading to actions that betray one's values.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbוְ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 31:27

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Defense of His Integritygenerated

26if I have beheld the sun in its radiance or the moon moving in splendor,
27so that my heart was secretly enticed and my hand threw a kiss from my mouth,
28this would also be an iniquity to be judged, for I would have denied God on high.
29If I have rejoiced in my enemy’s ruin, or exulted when evil befell him—

Job 31:27 is part of Job's defense where he asserts his righteousness amidst his suffering. He contemplates the dangers of hidden temptations and the potential consequences of yielding to them. This verse illustrates the internal struggle between desire and moral integrity, emphasizing the need for vigilance in one's thoughts and actions.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Deuteronomy 11:16But be careful that you are not enticed to turn aside to worship and bow down to other gods,
2Deuteronomy 13:6If your very own brother, or your son or daughter, or the wife you embrace, or your closest friend secretly entices you, saying, “Let us go and worship other gods” (which neither you nor your fathers have known,
3Isaiah 44:20He feeds on ashes. His deluded heart has led him astray, and he cannot deliver himself or say, “Is not this thing in my right hand a lie?”
4Romans 1:21–28For although they knew God, they neither glorified Him as God nor gave thanks to Him, but they became futile in their thinking and darkened in their foolish hearts.
51 Kings 19:18Nevertheless, I have reserved seven thousand in Israel—all whose knees have not bowed to Baal and whose mouths have not kissed him.”

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

my mouth hath kissed my hand1 Kings 19:18 Psalm 2:12 Hosea 13:2

The Key Word פָּתָה, pathahgenerated

The verb פָּתָה (pathah) means to entice or deceive, often implying a sense of gullibility or simplicity. It suggests that something appealing can lead one astray, as it opens the door to temptation.

In this context, Job acknowledges that his heart was enticed in secrecy, indicating a struggle with hidden desires that could lead to moral failure. The parsing as a sequential imperfect verb shows that this was an ongoing state, not a one-time event.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the verse is וַיִּ֣פְתְּ, it was enticed, which governs the entire clause. The structure reveals a cause-and-effect relationship: Job's heart was enticed, leading to the action described in the following clause.

The phrase בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לִבִּ֑י functions as a prepositional phrase indicating the context of the enticement, while וַתִּשַּׁ֖ק introduces the action of kissing, illustrating the physical expression of that internal struggle.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates פָּתָה as καὶ (and), which does not capture the nuance of enticement present in the Hebrew. This choice may reflect a broader interpretation rather than a direct correspondence.

The Greek word λάθρᾳ for secrecy aligns with the Hebrew בַּסֵּ֣תֶר, indicating a consistent understanding of hiddenness between the texts.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 31:27 shows Job reflecting on how his heart was secretly tempted, leading him to express that temptation through a kiss. This verse highlights the internal conflict between desire and integrity, reminding us of the importance of being aware of our hidden thoughts and feelings.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for Job's heart to be enticed?

It suggests that Job experienced a temptation or desire that was not openly acknowledged, indicating a struggle with his inner thoughts.

Why does Job mention throwing a kiss?

The kiss symbolizes an expression of affection or worship, showing how internal feelings can manifest in outward actions.

What can we learn from Job's experience?

Job's reflections remind us to be vigilant about our thoughts and desires, as they can lead to actions that may compromise our integrity.

How does this verse relate to the overall theme of Job?

It emphasizes the conflict between suffering and righteousness, highlighting the importance of maintaining integrity even in the face of temptation.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I experienced hidden temptations in my own life?
  2. How can I ensure that my actions reflect my true values and beliefs?
  3. What steps can I take to guard my heart against secret enticements?
  4. How does understanding my inner struggles help me in my spiritual journey?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators reflect on Job's internal struggle and the implications of secret temptations. Their insights provide depth to the understanding of this verse.

Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XXII c. 540–604
And my heart rejoiced in secret. By which same recording, what else is conveyed to us, but that there is need of great fear and circumspection, lest our mind at any time rejoice even in secret on the grounds of its commendations.
Early Church Fathers on Job 31 →
Ishodad of MervCOMMENTARY ON Job 31:27 9th c.
“My mouth has kissed my hand” … is said in analogy with those who have the habit to bring their hands [to their mouth] and to kiss [them] when they meet people who are dear to them.
Early Church Fathers on Job 31 →

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 31:27 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And mine heart hath been secretly enticed,.... Drawn away by beholding the magnitude of these bodies, the swiftness of their motion, their glorious appearance, and great usefulness to mankind, to

Read John Gill on Job 31 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And my heart hath been secretly enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand: Enticed - away from God to idolatry. Kissed ... hand. Adoration literally means this.

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 31 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Secretly; in my inward thoughts or affections, whilst I made open profession of my adherence to God and to the true religion. Enticed, or seduced, or deceived, by its plausible and glorious appearance, which might easily cheat a credulous and inconsiderate person to believe that there was something of a divinity in it, and so induce him to worship it. This emphatical expression seems to be used with design to teach the world this necessary and useful truth, that no mistake or error of mind would excuse the practice of idolatry. Or my mouth, Heb. and my mouth, which seems more proper here, because the secret error of the mind, without some such visible action and evidence as here follows…

Read Matthew Poole on Job 31 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 31:27 And my heart hath been secretly enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand:Ver. 27. And my heart hath been secretly enticed] sc. By the devil, who is ειδωλοχαρης, as, saith Synesius, a great promoter of idolatry; and probably had tempted good Job to this sin also; but was bravely repulsed. If I have done this secretly, saith he, that is, contrary to my open profession of sincere religion. See Deuteronomy 27:10. Or, my mouth hath kissed my hand] An action of idolaters, who kissed their idols that were present, 1 Kings 19:18 Hosea 13:2 (as the Papists now do their idols, even to the wearing of hardest marble), and to those which were further from them, they held out their hand, and…

Read John Trapp on Job 31 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

27. or my mouth hath kissed my hand] lit. and my hand hath kissed my mouth. The meaning is, if his hand touched his mouth “in order to wave the homage of the lips towards the object of adoration” (Con.). Pliny (quoted in Del.) says, Inter adorandum dexteram ad osculum referimus et totum corpus circumagimus. The worship of the heavenly bodies was widely spread in the East and in Arabia. The remarkable passage, Jeremiah 44:17 seq., shews that before the Exile worship of the “queen of heaven” had long been practised among all classes and in all the towns of Israel; comp. Ezekiel 8:16.

Read Cambridge on Job 31 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And my heart hath been secretly enticed - That is, away from God, or led into sin. Or my mouth hath kissed my hand - Margin, my hand hath kissed my mouth. The margin accords with the Hebrew.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 31 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

27. Mouth… kissed… hand — Literally, My hand hath kissed my mouth, as in the margin. “In the act of worship,” says Pliny, we “kiss the right hand, and turn the whole body to the right,” Job 28:2; Job 28:5; also Job 11:45.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 31 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

so that my heart was secretly enticed and my hand threw a kiss from my mouth,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

and my heart has been secretly enticed, and my hand threw a kiss from my mouth;

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

so that my heart was secretly enticed and my hand threw a kiss from my mouth,

NETBNew English Translation2006

so that my heart was secretly enticed, and my hand threw them a kiss from my mouth,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And my heart hath been secretly enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And my heart hath been secretly enticed, And my mouth hath kissed my hand:

RVARevised Version, American1894

And my heart hath been secretly enticed, and my mouth hath kissed my hand:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And my heart hath been secretly enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

If mine heart did flatter me in secrete, or if my mouth did kisse mine hand,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And my heart have been secretly enticed, so that my mouth kissed my hand:

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And my heart is enticed in secret, And my hand doth kiss my mouth,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And my heart is enticed in secret, || And my hand kisses my mouth,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And my heart became misled in secret, and my hand kissed my mouth:

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

and if my heart has been secretly attracted, so that my mouth has kissed my hand in worship of them—

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And my heart in secret hath rejoiced, and I have kissed my hand with my mouth:

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

and been tempted to secretly worship them by kissing my hand to them in devotion?

BBEBible in Basic English1949

A secret feeling of worship came into my heart, and my hand gave kisses from my mouth;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיִּ֣פְתְּit.was.gullibleprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּinnoun phrase(the)סֵּ֣תֶרsecrecynoun phrase · subjectלִבִּ֑heartיmyוַandclauseverbתִּשַּׁ֖קit.kissednoun phrase · subjectיָדִ֣handיmyprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְ(to)noun phraseפִֽmouthיmy

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text of Job 31:27 reads, "וַיִּ֣פְתְּ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לִבִּ֑י וַתִּשַּׁ֖ק יָדִ֣י לְפִֽי׃" which translates to "so that my heart was secretly enticed and my hand threw a kiss from my mouth." The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in content, as all six words correspond directly, although the order and articles differ due to the nature of Greek syntax. There are no significant differences in meaning between these two witnesses for this verse.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיִּ֣פְתְּ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לִבִּ֑י וַתִּשַּׁ֖ק יָדִ֣י לְפִֽי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיִּ֣פְתְּκαὶבַּסֵּ֣תֶרλάθρᾳלִבִּ֑יμουוַתִּשַּׁ֖קδὲיָדִ֣יμουלְפִֽי׃μου

6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 31:27פָּתָהand it was and it was gullפָּתָהסֵ֫תֶרin secrecyin secrecyסֵ֫תֶרלֵבheart myheart myלֵבנָשַׁקand it kissand it kissedנָשַׁקיָדhand myhand myיָדפֶּהmouth mymouth myפֶּהסָתַרto hideto hideסָתַרכַּףpalmpalmכַּףפָּאָהto cleaveto cleaveפָּאָהלֵבָבheartheartלֵבָבשָׂלַקto kindleto kindleשָׂלַקחָזַקto strengtto strengthen: חָזַקאַחְאָבAhabAhabאַחְאָברֵעַneighborneighborרֵעַחָסֵרlackinglackingחָסֵרחָכָםwisewiseחָכָםבָּכָהto weepto weepבָּכָהקֶ֫שֶׁתbowbowקֶ֫שֶׁתחָזָקstrongstrongחָזָקנָצַלto rescueto rescueנָצַלאֹמֶרwordwordאֹמֶרפָּתַחto opento openפָּתַח
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 31:27

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and it was gullible in secrecy heart my and it kissed hand my mouth my
וַיִּ֣פְתְּvai.Yift and it was gullible H6601 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
28× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To patah means to entice or deceive someone, often by making something seem simple or appealing.
Amplified meaning
deceived, tempted
Tyndale gloss
to open wide
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּתָה (pathah) is a Hebrew verb that means to be spacious or open, and it can also imply simplicity or gullibility. It encompasses a range of meanings from enticing and deceiving to persuading and being persuaded. The lexicons suggest that it can refer to both physical openness and moral or mental simplicity, with some entries indicating a sinister aspect of deception.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּתָה] vb. be spacious, wide, open

Qal poss. one open as to lips

Hiph. may God make wide for Japhet (give him an extensive inheritance)

base

[פָּתָה] vb. denom. be simple

Qal

be open-minded (?), simple

be enticed, deceived

Niph. be deceived

Pielpersuade, woman, seduce, virgin; entice, husband; a man to sin

deceive

Pual

be persuaded

be deceived

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6601a פָּתָה be spacious, wide, open H6601b [פָּתָה] vb. denom. be simple

.

. be open-minded (?), simple

. be enticed, deceived

. be deceived

.

. persuade, woman, seduce, virgin; entice, husband; a man to sin

. deceive

.

. be persuaded

. be deceived

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6601 pathah paw-thaw'

a primitive root; to open, i.e. be (causatively, make) roomy;

usually figuratively (in a mental or moral sense) to be

(causatively, make) simple or (in a sinister way)

delude:--allure, deceive, enlarge, entice, flatter, persuade,

silly (one).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּתָה (pa.tah) — to open wide.

1) to be spacious, be open, be wide

1a) (Qal) to be spacious or open or wide

1b) (Hiphil) to make spacious, make open

פָּתָה (pa.tah) — to entice.

1) to be simple, entice, deceive, persuade

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be open-minded, be simple, be naive

1a2) to be enticed, be deceived

1b) (Niphal) to be deceived, be gullible

1c) (Piel)

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to persuade, seduce

1c2) to deceive

1d) (Pual)

1d1) to be persuaded

1d2) to be deceived

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqw3ms
and it was gullible in secrecy heart my and it kissed hand my mouth my
בַּסֵּ֣תֶרba.Se.ter in secrecy H5643 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a shelter or covering, like a place to hide. It can also mean protection, as in Psalm 18:11 where God is a shelter from danger.
Amplified meaning
in hiding, under cover
Tyndale gloss
secrecy
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סֵ֫תֶר (se.ter) refers to concepts of covering, hiding, and secrecy, encompassing both literal and figurative meanings. It can denote a hiding place or shelter, as well as the idea of secrecy, including slanderous speech. The feminine form, סִתְרָה (sit.rah), specifically means shelter or protection, with a reference to Deuteronomy 32:38.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סֵ֫תֶר n.[m.] covering, hiding-place, secrecy

base

סִתְרָה n.f. shelter, protection, De 32:38

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5643a סֵ֫תֶר covering, hiding-place, secrecy H5643b סִתְרָה shelter, protection

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5643 cether say'-ther

or (feminine) cithrah (Deut. 32:38), {sith-raw'}; from 5641;

a cover (in a good or a bad, a literal or a figurative

sense):--backbiting, covering, covert, X disguise(-th),

hiding place, privily, protection, secret(-ly, place).

see HEBREW for 05641

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סֵ֫תֶר (se.ter) — secrecy.

1) covering, shelter, hiding place, secrecy

1a) covering, cover

1b) hiding place, shelter, secret place

1c) secrecy

1c1) secrecy (of tongue being slanderous)

סִתְרָה (sit.rah) — shelter.

shelter, protection

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
and it was gullible in secrecy heart my and it kissed hand my mouth my
לִבִּ֑יli.Bi heart my H3820 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
595× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Leb refers to the heart, but also represents feelings, will, and intellect in the Bible. It is used figuratively to describe the center of something, and is often translated as heart or mind. Leb is a complex concept that encompasses emotions and thoughts.
Amplified meaning
the seat of feelings, will, and intellect
Tyndale gloss
heart
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart

seldom of things in the midst of the sea

elsewhere of men

the inner man in contrast with the outer

the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will

specific reference to mind

spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will

spec. ref. to conscience

[various]

for the man himself

as seat of appetites

as seat of emotions and passions

seat of courage

base

לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea

. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer

. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will

. specific reference to mind

. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will

. spec. ref. to conscience

. [various]

. for the man himself

. as seat of appetites

. as seat of emotions and passions

. seat of courage

H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3820 leb labe

a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very

widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;

likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,

consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),

(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X

heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X

themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,

wisdom.

see HEBREW for 03824

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֵב (lev) — heart.

1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding

1a) inner part, midst

1a1) midst (of things)

1a2) heart (of man)

1a3) soul, heart (of man)

1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory

1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)

1a6) conscience

1a7) heart (of moral character)

1a8) as seat of appetites

1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage

לֵב (lev) — Leb.

§ Leb- = "heart of"

(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp1bs
and it was gullible in secrecy heart my and it kissed hand my mouth my
וַתִּשַּׁ֖קva.ti.Shak and it kissed H5401 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
35× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To kiss or touch, also to equip with weapons, as seen in armed men or rulers. It appears in various forms, including a romantic kiss or a mode of attachment. In the Bible, it is used to describe intimate touch.
Amplified meaning
a gesture of worship or affection
Tyndale gloss
to kiss
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָשַׁק (nashaq) primarily means 'to kiss,' with various forms indicating gentle touching or equipping with weapons. The exact meaning can be uncertain, possibly extending to handling or being equipped. It appears in contexts related to affection and attachment, as well as in descriptions of armed individuals.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָשַׁק vb. kiss

Qal kiss

Pi. kiss

Hiph. of wings of cherubim, gently touching each other

base

[נָשַׁק] vb. exact meaning uncertain; prob. either handle or be equiped with

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5401a נָשַׁק kiss H5401b נָשַׁק exact meaning uncertain; prob. either handle or be equiped with

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5401 nashaq naw-shak'

a primitive root (identical with 5400, through the idea of

fastening up; compare 2388, 2836); to kiss, literally or

figuratively (touch); also (as a mode of attachment), to equip

with weapons:--armed (men), rule, kiss, that touched.

see HEBREW for 05400

see HEBREW for 02388

see HEBREW for 02836

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָשַׁק (na.shaq) — to kiss.

1) to put together, kiss

1a) (Qal) to kiss

1b) (Piel) to kiss

1c) (Hiphil) to touch gently

נָשַׁק (na.shaq) — to handle.

1) to handle, be equipped with

1a) (Qal) to be equipped

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
Hc/Vqw3fs
and it was gullible in secrecy heart my and it kissed hand my mouth my
יָדִ֣יya.Di hand my H3027 Noun common both singular construct · suffix
1,619× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, 'yad' refers to an open hand, symbolizing power or direction. It can also mean strength or a part of something, like a side or a share. The word is used in many contexts, including anatomy and everyday life.
Amplified meaning
an open hand; strength, a side or share
Tyndale gloss
hand
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָד (yad) means 'hand' and can also refer to strength or power in a figurative sense. It encompasses various technical uses, such as a sign or monument, parts or shares, and even specific components in construction, like axle-trees and supports for the laver. The word is versatile, appearing in both literal and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָד 1604 n.f. hand

hand

Fig. = strength, power

Fig. = side

יָד is used in various special, technical senses:—

sign, monument

part, fractional part or share

time, repetition

axle-trees

stays, supports for laver

tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle

a (beckoning) hand

יַד with prep.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3027 יָד hand . hand

. Fig. = strength, power

. Fig. = side

. יָד is used in various special, technical senses:— . sign, monument

. part, fractional part or share

. time, repetition

. axle-trees

. stays, supports for laver

. tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle

. a (beckoning) hand

. יַד with prep.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3027 yad yawd

a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power,

means, direction, etc.), in distinction from 3709, the closed

one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of

applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate

and remote (as follows):--(+ be) able, X about, + armholes,

at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad,

(broken-)handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, +

creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship,

force, X from, hand(-staves, -y work), X he, himself, X in,

labour, + large, ledge, (left-)handed, means, X mine,

ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain,

power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay,

draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by

them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing,

+ thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, (way-)side,

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָד (yad) — hand.

: hand/arm[anatomy]

1) hand

1a) hand (of man)

1b) strength, power (fig.)

1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)

1d) (various special, technical senses)

1d1) sign, monument

1d2) part, fractional part, share

1d3) time, repetition

1d4) axle-trees, axle

1d5) stays, support (for laver)

1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)

1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)

1d8) wrists

יָד (yad) — hand: power.

: hand/arm[anatomy]

1) hand

1a) hand (of man)

1b) strength, power (fig.)

1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)

1d) (various special, technical senses)

1d1) sign, monument

1d2) part, fractional part, share

1d3) time, repetition

1d4) axle-trees, axle

1d5) stays, support (for laver)

1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)

1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)

1d8) wrists

יָד (yad) — hand: themselves.

: hand/arm[anatomy]

1) hand

1a) hand (of man)

1b) strength, power (fig.)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffix
HNcbsc/Sp1bs
and it was gullible in secrecy heart my and it kissed hand my mouth my
לְפִֽי׃le.Fi mouth my H6310 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
498× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word refers to the mouth, lips, or edge of something, and can also mean a portion or side of something. It is often used to describe speech or the act of speaking. This word appears in various forms, such as mouth, lip, or edge.
Amplified meaning
lips, the edge of something
Tyndale gloss
lip
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פֶּה (*peh*) means 'mouth' and encompasses various meanings, including the mouth of a person or animal, as well as openings or orifices. It can also refer to speech, edges, and portions. Additionally, it denotes a weight equal to one third of a shekel, found in 1 Samuel 13:21.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֶּה 485 n.m. mouth

mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking

external organ

much oftener, as organ of speech, of man

as laughing; panting

of God

of idols

of musical instr. = sound

of animals; hence of edge of sword

mouth = opening, orifice

extremity, end

= portion

with preps.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6310 פֶּה mouth . . mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking

. external organ

. . much oftener, as organ of speech, of man

. as laughing; panting

. of God

. of idols

. of musical instr. = sound

. of animals

. mouth = opening, orifice

. . extremity, end

. = portion

. with preps.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6310 peh peh

from 6284; the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether

literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically

edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition)

according to:--accord(-ing as, -ing to), after, appointment,

assent, collar, command(-ment), X eat, edge, end, entry, +

file, hole, X in, mind, mouth, part, portion, X (should)

say(-ing), sentence, skirt, sound, speech, X spoken, talk,

tenor, X to, + two-edged, wish, word.

see HEBREW for 06284

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֶּה (peh) — lip.

: lip/mouth

peh

1) mouth

1a) mouth (of man)

1b) mouth (as organ of speech)

1c) mouth (of animals)

1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)

1e) extremity, end pim

2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21

פֶּה (peh) — lip: edge.

: edge

peh

1) mouth

1a) mouth (of man)

1b) mouth (as organ of speech)

1c) mouth (of animals)

1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)

1e) extremity, end pim

2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21

פֶּה (peh) — lip: word.

: word/command

peh

1) mouth

1a) mouth (of man)

1b) mouth (as organ of speech)

1c) mouth (of animals)

1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)

1e) extremity, end pim

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate