Joshua 13:11 — Word Study
WLCוְהַגִּלְעָ֞ד וּגְב֧וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֣י וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗י וְכֹ֨ל הַ֥ר חֶרְמ֛וֹן וְכָל־ הַבָּשָׁ֖ן עַד־ סַלְכָֽה׃
BSAalso GileadGilʻâd [a mountainous region east of the Jordan] and the territorygᵉbûwl [border, land] of the GeshuritesGᵉshûwrîy [people of Geshur, a nearby land] and MaacathitesMaʻăkâthîy [inhabitants of Maakah, a city] allkôl [everything, the whole] of Mounthar HermonChermôwn [a sanctuary, a high point] and allkôl [every part] BashanBâshân [a fertile region, a fruitful land] as far asʻad [till, unto] SalecahÇalkâh [a town, a city east of the Jordan]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהַגִּלְעָ֞ד | and Gilead | Conjunction, particle, noun proper |
| וּגְב֧וּל | and [the] territory of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| הַגְּשׁוּרִ֣י | the Geshurite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗י | and the Maacathite[s] | Conjunction, particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וְכֹ֨ל | and all | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| הַ֥ר | [the] mountain of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| חֶרְמ֛וֹן | Hermon | Noun proper |
| וְכָל־ | and all | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| הַבָּשָׁ֖ן | Bashan | Particle, noun proper |
| עַד־ | to | Preposition |
| סַלְכָֽה׃ | Salecah | Noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | also Gilead and the territory of the Geshurites and Maacathites, all of Mount Hermon, and all Bashan as far as Salecah— |
| KJV | And Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salcah; |
| ASV | and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salecah; |
| YLT | and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurite, and of the Maachathite, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salcah; |
| WEB | and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah; |
| BBE | And Gilead, and the land of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah; |
Where they part company is וּגְב֧וּל — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence presents a list of geographical locations and peoples, with a main clause followed by several noun phrases detailing the territories.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 13:11
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Allocation of Eastern Territoriesgenerated
Joshua 13:11 describes the land allocations made to the Israelites, highlighting significant regions and peoples. This verse specifically mentions Gilead, the territories of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and the fertile regions of Mount Hermon and Bashan, indicating the extent of the land as far as Salecah. This allocation is part of the broader narrative of the Israelites settling in the Promised Land, as seen in the preceding and following verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 12:2–5 | Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon. He ruled from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley, along the middle of the valley, up to the Jabbok River (the border of the Ammonites), that is, half of Gilead, |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 4:47–48 | They took possession of the land belonging to Sihon and to Og king of Bashan—the two Amorite kings across the Jordan to the east— |
| 3 | 1 Chronicles 2:23 | But Geshur and Aram captured Havvoth-jair, along with Kenath and its sixty surrounding villages. All these were descendants of Machir the father of Gilead. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גִּלְעָד, ve.ha.gil.'Adgenerated
The word גִּלְעָד (gil'ad) refers to a mountainous region east of the Jordan River, known for its rocky terrain. It is significant both geographically and historically, often associated with the tribe of Manasseh and notable figures like Jephthah.
The parsing indicates that it is a noun proper, specifically a location, emphasizing its importance in the context of land distribution among the tribes of Israel.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations on this page agree on the rendering of גִּלְעָד as Gilead, maintaining its geographical significance.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse is governed by a series of noun phrases that list the territories and peoples. The main focus is on the geographical locations, with the finite elements providing clarity to the extent of the land.
The noun phrases are arranged in a way that emphasizes the significant regions, starting with Gilead and moving through the various territories, culminating in Salecah.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates גִּלְעָד as γαλααδίτιδα, which maintains the geographical reference but may suggest a broader interpretation of the land's significance.
This choice indicates a continuity in the understanding of Gilead as a notable region, aligning with its portrayal in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 13:11 lists Gilead and the territories of the Geshurites and Maacathites, along with all of Mount Hermon and Bashan, extending to Salecah. This verse is part of the allocation of land to the tribes of Israel, indicating the regions they were to inhabit.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Gilead is a mountainous region known for its rocky terrain and is significant in the context of the tribes of Israel, particularly the half-tribe of Manasseh.
The Geshurites were inhabitants of Geshur, a region near the Philistines, and their presence indicates the diverse peoples living in the area.
Bashan was known for its fertility and was allocated to the half-tribe of Manasseh, highlighting its agricultural importance.
Salecah is mentioned as a town east of the Jordan River, indicating the extent of the land allocated to the Israelites.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the significance of land in the biblical narrative from this verse?
- How does the mention of different peoples and regions reflect the diversity of the Promised Land?
- In what ways does understanding the geography of Gilead and Bashan enhance our comprehension of the Israelite settlement?
- How might the historical context of the Geshurites and Maacathites inform our understanding of the challenges faced by the Israelites?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 13:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Gilead,.... The land of Gilead, which was part of the kingdom of Og, half of which was given to Reuben, and the other half to Gad: and the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites; of which see
Read John Gill on Joshua 13 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salcah; Gilead - the southern region of Argob (Lejah). The border of the Geshurites and Maachathites (Deuteronomy 3:13-14).
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 13 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMaachathites; whose land God had given to the Israelites without Jordan, though they had not yet used the gift of God, nor taken possession of it, as is noted, .
Read Matthew Poole on Joshua 13 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJoshua 13:11 And Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salcah;Ver. 11. And the border of the Geshurites.] Due to Israel, but yet detained from them.
Read John Trapp on Joshua 13 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 11. Border of the Geshurites] See Clarke on Joshua 12:5.
Read AdamClarke on Joshua 13 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible9-12. On the places named in these verses see the notes on Joshua 13:16-31, where the tribal territories are fully described.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 13 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
also Gilead and the territory of the Geshurites and Maacathites, all of Mount Hermon, and all Bashan as far as Salecah—
and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah;
also Gilead and the territory of the Geshurites and Maacathites, all of Mount Hermon, and all Bashan as far as Salecah—
Their territory also included Gilead, Geshurite and Maacathite territory, all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah –
Tyndale line
And Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salcah;
and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salecah;
and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salecah;
And Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salcah;
And Gilead, and the borders of the Geshurites and of the Maachathites, and all mount Hermon, with all Bashan vnto Salcah:
Strictly literal
and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites, and all mount Hermon, and the whole of Bashan to Salcah;
and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurite, and of the Maachathite, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salcah;
and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurite, and of the Maachathite, and all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salcah;
And Gil'ad, and the territory of the Geshurites and Ma'achathites, and all mount Chermon, and all Bashan up to Salchah;
Gilead, and the region of the Geshurites and Maacathites, all of Mount Hermon, all Bashan to Salekah;
From the Latin
And Galaad, and the borders of Gessuri and Machati, and all mount Hermon, and all Basan as far as Salecha,
Simplified
In addition it included Gilead, the land of the Geshurites and Maacathites, all of Mount Hermon, and all of Bashan as far as Salecah,
And Gilead, and the land of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all words matched between the two. This consistency suggests a strong preservation of the text across these traditions.
וְהַגִּלְעָ֞ד וּגְב֧וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֣י וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗י וְכֹ֨ל הַ֥ר חֶרְמ֛וֹן וְכָל־ הַבָּשָׁ֖ן עַד־ סַלְכָֽה׃
11 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 13:11
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
גִּלְעָד (Gil'ad) refers to a mountainous region east of the Jordan River, known as 'rocky region'. It encompasses both a land area and a city, often divided into northern and southern Gilead. The term also identifies several individuals from the tribe of Manasseh, including a notable figure, Jephthah. The lexicons agree on its geographical significance and historical references.
גִּלְעָד n.pr.loc. of mountain-range or hill-country, land & city, E. of Jordan territory S. of Jabboḳ
Northern Gilead
more generally, of all Gilead
name of a city
of Israelites living E. of Jordan (as a whole)
treated as n.pr.m.
base
H1568 גִּלְעָד of mountain-range or hill-country, land & city, E. of Jordan
1568 Gil`ad ghil-awd'
probably from 1567; Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also
the name of three Israelites:--Gilead, Gileadite.
see HEBREW for 01567
גִּלְעָד (gil.ad) — Gilead.
Gilead = "rocky region"
a mountainous region bounded on the west by the Jordan, on the north by Bashan, on the east by the Arabian plateau, and on the south by Moab and Ammon; sometimes called 'Mount Gilead' or the 'land of Gilead' or just 'Gilead'. Divided into north and south Gilead
Also named: gil.a.di (גִּלְעָדִי "Gileadite" H1569)
גִּלְעָד (gil.ad) — Gilead.
A man of the tribe of Manasseh living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.26.29;
son of: Machir (H4353);
brother of: daughter_of_Machir (H4353I), Peresh (H6570), Sheresh (H8329) and Hammolecheth (H4447);
father of: Abiezer (H0044I), Helek (H2507), Asriel (H0844), Shechem (H7928), Shemida (H8061) and Hepher (H2660A)
§ Gilead = "rocky region"
Conj | Art | N-proper — Conjunction · particle · noun properHC/Td/Npl
Gilead
Hill of testimony, (Gen. 31:21), a mountainous region east of Jordan. From its mountainous character it is called “the mount of Gilead” (Gen. 31:25). It is called also “the land of Gilead” (Num. 32:1), and sometimes simply “Gilead” (Ps. 60:7; Gen. 37:25). It comprised the possessions of the tribes of Gad and Reuben and the south part of Manasseh (Deut. 3:13; Num. 32:40). It was bounded on the north by Bashan, and on the south by Moab and Ammon (Gen.…
(rocky region). A mountainous region bounded on the west by the Jordan, on the north by Bashan, on the east by the Arabian plateau, and on the south by Moab and Ammon. (Genesis 31:21; 3:12-17) It is sometimes called "Mount Gilead," (Genesis 31:25) sometimes "the land of Gilead," (Numbers 32:1) and sometimes simply "Gilead." (Psalms 60:7; Genesis 37:25) The name Gilead, as is usual in Palestine, describes the physical aspect of the country: it signifies "a hard rocky region." The mountains of Gilead, including Pisgah, Abarim and Peor, have a real elevation of from 2000 to 3000 feet; but their apparent elevation on the…
the heap or mass of testimony
1. A region east of the Jordan River allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh Nu 32:1-30; De 3:13; 34:1; 2Ki 10:33
Reubenites expel the Hagarites from 1Ch 5:9,10,18-22
Ammonites make war against; defeated by Jephthah Jud 11
גְּבוּל (gbuwl) refers to a border or boundary, often implying a defined territory. It can denote a physical limit, such as a coast or landmark, and can also have figurative uses, like a region of darkness. The word is derived from a root meaning 'cord' and encompasses various meanings related to boundaries and territories.
גְּבוּל 240 n.m. border, boundary, territory
border, boundary
territory (enclosed within boundary)
base
H1366 גְּבוּל border, boundary, territory
1366 gbuwl gheb-ool'
or (shortened) gbul {gheb-ool'}; from 1379; properly, a cord
(as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extens. the
territory inclosed:--border, bound, coast, X great, landmark,
limit, quarter, space.
see HEBREW for 01379
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: boundary.
: boundary
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
Also means: ge.vul (גְּבוּל ": area" H1366H)
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: area.
: area
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
גְּשׁוּרִי (Gshuwriy) refers to the Geshurites, the inhabitants of Geshur, a region associated with the Philistines. The term is derived from the root word for Geshur (גְּשׁוּר), indicating a tribal or collective identity. The entries consistently describe this group as residing in southern Palestine.
גְּשׁוּרִי adj.gent.
people dwelling in Geshûr
a tribe of, or near, the Philistines
base
H1651 גְּשׁוּרִי . people dwelling in Geshûr
. a tribe of, or near, the Philistines
1651 Gshuwriy ghe-shoo-ree'
patrial from 1650; a Geshurite (also collectively) or
inhabitants of Geshur:--Geshuri, Geshurites.
see HEBREW for 01650
גְּשׁוּרִי (ge.shu.ri) — Geshurite.
Group of ge.shur (גְּשׁוּר "Geshur" H1650)
§ Geshuri or Geshurites
1) inhabitants of Geshur
2) a tribe in south Palestine of or near the Philistines
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
מַעֲכָתִי (Ma`akathiy) refers to a Maachathite, an inhabitant of Maakah, associated with David's heroes and Ishmael the Judean. The term is derived from מַעֲכָה (Maacah), indicating a group of people likely from Transjordan, possibly descendants of Maacah. The entries consistently define it as relating to this group.
מַעֲכָתִי adj.gent. of one of David’s heroes; of associate of Ishmael the Judean; coll. = the Maachathites
base
H4602 מַעֲכָתִי of one of David’s heroes; of associate of Ishmael the Judean; coll. = the Maachathites
4602 Ma`akathiy mah-ak-aw-thee'
patrial from 4601; a Maakathite, or inhabitant of
Maakah:--Maachathite.
see HEBREW for 04601
מַעֲכָתִי (ma.a.kha.ti) — Maacathite.
Group of ma.a.khah (מַעֲכָה "Maacah" H4601R)
§ Maachathite = "pressure (literally she has pressed)"
a people dwelling in Transjordan, probably descendants of Maachah
Conj | Art | Ngmsa — Conjunction · particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHC/Td/Ngmsa
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
הַר (har) means 'mountain' or 'hill,' and can refer to a range of hills or hill-country. It is derived from a root that suggests elevation and can be used figuratively. The entries consistently highlight its geographical connotations without significant disagreement.
הַר 568 n.m. mountain, hill, hill-country
mountain, hill
hill-country, mountain-region
base
H2022 הַר mountain, hill, hill-country
2022 har har
a shortened form of 2042; a mountain or range of hills
(sometimes used figuratively):--hill (country), mount(-ain), X
promotion.
see HEBREW for 02042
הַר (har) — mountain: mount.
: mount/hill
hill, mountain, hill country, mount
הַר (har) — mountain: hill country.
: hill_country
hill, mountain, hill country, mount
A sub-meaning of har (הַר ": mount" H2022)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
חֶרְמוֹן (Chermown) refers to Mount Hermon, described as a sacred mountain located on the northeastern border of Palestine and Lebanon. The name is derived from a root meaning 'abrupt.' It is noted for its significance as a sanctuary and overlooks the city of Dan.
חֶרְמוֹן n.pr.mont. Hermon (sacred mountain)
base
H2768 חֶרְמוֹן Hermon (sacred mountain)
2768 Chermown kher-mone'
from 2763; abrupt; Chermon, a mount of Palestine:--Hermon.
see HEBREW for 02763
חֶרְמוֹן (cher.mon) — (Mount) Hermon.
§ Hermon = "a sanctuary"
a mountain on the northeastern border of Palestine and Lebanon and overlooking the border city of Dan
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
hur'-mon (chermon; Codex Vaticanus, Haermon):
1. Description:
The name of the majestic mountain in which the Anti-Lebanon range terminates to the South (De 3:8, etc.). It reaches a height of 9,200 ft. above the sea, and extends some 16 to 20 miles from North to South. It was called Sirion by the Sidonians (De 3:9; compare Ps 29:6), and Senir by the Amorites (De 3:9). It is also identified with Sion (De 4:48). See SIRION; SENIR; SION. Sometimes it is called "Mt. Hermon" (De 3:8; Jos 11:17;
Hermon
A peak, the eastern prolongation of the Anti-Lebanon range, reaching to the height of about 9,200 feet above the Mediterranean. It marks the north boundary of Palestine (Deut. 3:8, 4:48; Josh. 11:3, 17; 13:11; 12:1), and is seen from a great distance. It is about 40 miles north of the Sea of Galilee. It is called “the Hermonites” (Ps. 42:6) because it has more than one summit. The Sidonians called it Sirion, and the Amorites Shenir (Deut. 3:9; Cant. 4:8). It is also called Baal-hermon (Judg. 3:3; 1 Chr. 5:23) and…
(a peak, summit), a mountain on the northeastern border of Palestine, (3:8; Joshua 12:1) over against Lebanon, (Joshua 11:17) adjoining the plateau of Bashan. (1 Chronicles 5:23) It stands at the southern end, and is the culminating point of the anti-Libanus range; it towers high above the ancient border city of Dan and the fountains of the Jordan, and is the most conspicuous and beautiful mountain in Palestine or Assyria. At the present day it is called Jebel esh-Sheikh , "the chief mountain," and Jebel eth-Thelj , "snowy mountain." When the whole country is parched with the summer sun, white lines of snow streak the head of Hermon. This mountain was the great landmark of the Israelites. It was associated with their northern…
A lofty mountain on the northeast border of Palestine, called also Sirion Shenir, and Sion, (not Zion,) De 3:8; 4:39. It is a part of the great Anti-Lebanon Range; at the point where an eastern and lower arm branches off, a little south of the latitude of Damascus, and runs in a southerly direction terminating east of the head of the sea of Galilee. This low range is called Jebel Heish. Mount Hermon is believed to be what is now known as Jebel esh-Sheikh, whose highest summit, surpassing every other in Syria, rises into the region of perpetual snow or ice, ten thousand feet above the sea.
For a view of Hermon, see MEROM. Professor Hackett thus describes its appearance as seen from a hill north of Nazareth: "The mountain was concealed one moment, and the next, on ascending a few steps higher, stood arrayed before me with an imposing…
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
בָּשָׁן (Bashan) refers to a fertile region east of the Jordan River, first noted as the kingdom of Og. It extends from the Jabboḳ stream to Mount Hermon, and is associated with smooth and fruitful land, significant for the half-tribe of Manasseh.
בָּשָׁן 60 n.pr.terr.m. (smooth (& fertile) land) Bashan, first mentioned as kingdom of Og, E. of Jordan, stretching from stream Jabboḳ (thus including northern Gilead) northward to Hermon, between Gennesaret (W) and mts of Hauran (E)
base
H1316 בָּשָׁן Bashan, first mentioned as kingdom of Og, E. of Jordan, stretching from stream Jabboḳ (thus including northern Gilead) northward to Hermon, between Gennesaret (W) and mts of Hauran (E)
1316 Bashan baw-shawn'
of uncertain derivation; Bashan (often with the article), a
region East of the Jordan:--Bashan.
בָּשָׁן (ba.shan) — Bashan.
§ Bashan = "fruitful"
a district east of the Jordan known for its fertility which was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh
Art | N-proper — Particle · noun properHTd/Npl
ba'-shan (ha-bashan, "the Bashan"; Basan): This name is probably the same in meaning as the cognate Arabic bathneh, "soft, fertile land," or bathaniyeh (batanaea), "this land sown with wheat" ("wheatland").
1. Boundaries:
It often occurs with the article, "the Bashan," to describe the kingdom of Og, the most northerly part of the land East of the Jordan. It stretched from the border of Gilead in the South to the slopes of Hermen in the North. Hermon itself is never definitely included in Bashan, although Og is said to have ruled in that mountain (Jos 12:5; 13:11). In De 3:10 Salecah and Edrei seem to indicate the East and West limits respectively. This would agree with Jos 12:5; 13:11, which seem to make Geshur and Maacath the…
Bashan
Light soil, first mentioned in Gen. 14:5, where it is said that Chedorlaomer and his confederates “smote the Rephaim in Ashteroth,” where Og the king of Bashan had his residence. At the time of Israel’s entrance into the Promised Land, Og came out against them, but was utterly routed (Num. 21:33-35; Deut. 3:1-7). This country extended from Gilead in the south to Hermon in the north, and from the Jordan on the west to Salcah on the east. Along with the half of Gilead it was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh (Josh. 13:29-31). Golan, one of its cities, became a “city of refuge” (Josh. 21:27). Argob, in Bashan, was…
(fruitful), a district on the east of Jordan. It is sometimes spoken of as the "land of Bashan," (1 Chronicles 5:11) and comp. Numb 21:33; 32:33 And sometimes as "all Bashan." (3:10,13; Joshua 12:5; 13:12,30) It was taken by the children of Israel after their conquest of the land of Sihon from Arnon to Jabbok. The limits of Bashan are very strictly defined. It extended from the "border of Gilead" on the south to Mount Hermon on the north, (3:3,10,14; Joshua 12:5; 1 Chronicles 5:23) and from the Arabah or Jordan valley on the west to Salchah (Sulkhad) and the border of the Geshurites and the Maachathites on the east. (Joshua…
Fat, fruitful, Nu 21:33, a rich hilly district lying east of the Jordan, and between the mountains of Hermon on the north, and those of Gilead and Ammon on the south. The country takes its name from its soft and sandy soil. It is celebrated in Scripture for its rich pasturage: "Rams, of the breed of Bashan," De 32:14; "Rams, bulls, goats, all of them fatlings of Bashan," Eze 39:18. The oaks of Bashan are mentioned in connection with the cedars of Lebanon, Isa 2:13. Modern travelers describe the country as still abounding with verdant and fertile meadows, valleys traversed by refreshing streams, hills crowned with forests, and pastures offering an abundance to the flocks…
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Prep — PrepositionHR
סַלְכָה (Salcah) refers to a city located on the eastern border of Bashan, associated with the tribe of Gad. The name may imply a meaning related to migration. It is noted in various sources as a place east of the Jordan River, with modern references suggesting its location near 'Sulkhad', approximately 56 miles from the river.
סַלְכָה n.pr.loc. city on E. border of Bashan
base
H5548 סַלְכָה city on E. border of Bashan
5548 Calkah sal-kaw'
from an unused root. meaning to walk; walking; Salcah, a
place East of the Jordan:--Salcah, Salchah.
סַלְכָה (sal.khah) — Salecah.
§ Salcah or Salchah = "migration"
a town or district at the extreme eastern limit of Bashan and allocated to the tribe of Gad; modern 'Sulkhad' which is 56 miles (90 km) east of the Jordan at the southern extremity of the Hauran mountain range
N-proper — Noun properHNpl