Joshua 16:3 — Word Study
WLCוְיָֽרַד־ יָ֜מָּה אֶל־ גְּב֣וּל הַיַּפְלֵטִ֗י עַ֣ד גְּב֧וּל בֵּית־ חוֹרֹ֛ן תַּחְתּ֖וֹן וְעַד־ גָּ֑זֶר וְהָי֥וּ תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו יָֽמָּה׃
BSAThen it descendedyârad [went down, fell] westwardyâm [toward the sea, in a westerly direction] toʼêl the bordergᵉbûwl [boundary, limit] of the JaphletitesYaphlêṭîy△ [descendants of Japhlet, an Israelite tribe] asʻad far as the bordergᵉbûwl [till, unto, boundary, edge] ofBêyth Chôwrôwn Lowertachtôwn [nether, bottommost] Beth-horonBêyth Chôwrôwn [house of hollowness] and on toʻad [even unto, as far as] GezerGezer [a city in Palestine, a portion] and it endedhâyâh [came to a stop, reached its limit] at the Seayâm [the Mediterranean, a large body of water]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְיָֽרַד־ | and it goes down | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| יָ֜מָּה | west -ward | Noun common masculine singular absolute, suffix |
| אֶל־ | to | Preposition |
| גְּב֣וּל | [the] border of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| הַיַּפְלֵטִ֗י | the Japhletite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| עַ֣ד | to | Preposition |
| גְּב֧וּל | [the] border of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| בֵּית־ | Beth | Noun proper |
| חוֹרֹ֛ן | Horon | Noun proper |
| תַּחְתּ֖וֹן | lower | Noun proper |
| וְעַד־ | and to | Conjunction, preposition |
| גָּ֑זֶר | Gezer | Noun proper |
| וְהָי֥וּ | and they are | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו | extremities its | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| יָֽמָּה׃ | [the] sea towards | Noun common masculine singular absolute, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Then it descended westward to the border of the Japhletites as far as the border of Lower Beth-horon and on to Gezer, and it ended at the Sea. |
| KJV | And goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti, unto the coast of Beth-horon the nether, and to Gezer: and the goings out thereof are at the sea. |
| ASV | and it went down westward to the border of the Japhletites, unto the border of Beth-horon the nether, even unto Gezer; and the goings out thereof were at the sea. |
| YLT | and gone down westward unto the border of Japhleti, unto the border of Beth-Horon the lower, and unto Gezer, and its outgoings have been at the sea. |
| WEB | and it went down westward to the border of the Japhletites, to the border of Beth Horon the lower, and on to Gezer; and ended at the sea. |
| BBE | And it goes down to the west to the limit of the Japhletites, to the limit of Beth-horon the lower, as far as Gezer; ending at the sea. |
Where they part company is תַּחְתּ֖וֹן — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured with a main clause followed by several prepositional phrases, detailing the descent and extent of the territory.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbיָרַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 15 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 16:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Boundaries of Ephraimgenerated
Joshua 16:3 describes the western boundary of the territory assigned to the tribe of Ephraim. It outlines the borders from the Japhletites to Lower Beth-horon and Gezer, culminating at the Mediterranean Sea. This verse is part of a larger section detailing the inheritances of the tribes of Israel, emphasizing the importance of land allocation in the Promised Land.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 18:13 | From there the border crossed over to the southern slope of Luz (that is, Bethel) and went down to Ataroth-addar on the hill south of Lower Beth-horon. |
| 2 | 1 Kings 9:15–17 | This is the account of the forced labor that King Solomon imposed to build the house of the LORD, his own palace, the supporting terraces, and the wall of Jerusalem, as well as Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer. |
| 3 | 1 Chronicles 7:24–28 | His daughter was Sheerah, who built Lower and Upper Beth-horon, as well as Uzzen-sheerah. |
| 4 | 2 Chronicles 8:5 | He rebuilt Upper and Lower Beth-horon as fortified cities with walls, gates, and bars, |
| 5 | Numbers 34:6 | Your western border will be the coastline of the Great Sea; this will be your boundary on the west. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יָרַד, ve.ya.rad-generated
The verb יָרַד (yarad) means to go down or descend, indicating a movement to a lower place. It appears throughout the Hebrew Bible in various contexts, such as descending from mountains or entering a city.
In this verse, it describes the geographical descent of the border of Ephraim, emphasizing the physical nature of the land's topography.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB uses descended, which aligns with the KJV and ASV: all three maintain the sense of downward movement implied by יָרַד.
Where others part company with the BSB is over the rendering of תַּחְתּ֖וֹן. The BSB and others use lower, while the KJV and ASV opt for nether, reflecting a slight variation in emphasis on the depth of the location.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs in this verse are יָֽרַד (yarad, it went down) and הָי֥וּ (hayu, they are), which govern the sentence. The structure is straightforward, with the first verb indicating movement and the second providing a state of being.
The word order places emphasis on the action of descending, followed by the description of the borders, creating a clear geographical narrative.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יָרַד as διελεύσεται, which conveys a similar sense of descent but with a slightly different emphasis. This choice indicates a movement that may not strictly imply a downward direction, allowing for a broader interpretation.
The translation reflects the Greek understanding of the territory's boundaries, highlighting the physical and metaphorical aspects of descent.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 16:3 describes how the territory of Ephraim extends westward, outlining its borders from the Japhletites to Lower Beth-horon and Gezer, finally reaching the Mediterranean Sea. This verse is part of the narrative detailing the land allocations for the tribes of Israel.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that the geographical boundary of Ephraim's territory moves downwards in elevation towards the west, ending at the sea.
The Japhletites are descendants of Japhlet, a member of the tribe of Asher, and their territory is mentioned as part of Ephraim's boundaries.
The Mediterranean Sea represents the western limit of Ephraim's territory, marking a natural boundary for the tribe's inheritance.
The land boundaries signify the fulfillment of God's promise to the Israelites, establishing their inheritance in the Promised Land.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do the boundaries described in this verse reflect God's promises to His people?
- In what ways can understanding the geography of biblical narratives enhance our reading of Scripture?
- What significance do you think the specific locations mentioned have for the identity of the tribe of Ephraim?
- How can we apply the concept of boundaries in our own lives, particularly in terms of spiritual and personal growth?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 16:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti,.... This place is now unknown, though no doubt well known to the sons of Joseph, when this lot fell to them, and its border was described: unto the
Read John Gill on Joshua 16 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd goeth out from Bethel to Luz, and passeth along unto the borders of Archi to Ataroth, No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 16 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJoshua 16:3 And goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti, unto the coast of Bethhoron the nether, and to Gezer: and the goings out thereof are at the sea.Ver. 3. And to Gezer.] Where the Canaanites held them till Solomon’ s days; but were then slain by Pharaoh, king of Egypt, in favour of his daughter, Solomon’ s wife.
Read John Trapp on Joshua 16 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersXVI. OF JOSEPH—i.e., of Ephraim and Manasseh (Joshua 16:1 to Joshua 18:1, inclusive). (1) The lot of the children of Joseph.—The order of precedence among the tribes of Israel was always Judah first and the sons of Joseph second. In the words of 1 Chronicles 5:2, “Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler; but the birthright was Joseph’s.” Accordingly in the division of the land of Canaan under Joshua, there are three successive stages: first, the settlement of the tribe of Judah in the strongholds of the south of Palestine; secondly, the establishment of Ephraim and Manasseh in the centre of the country, and in some strong positions towards the north; thirdly, the…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Joshua 16 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. Beth-horon the nether] This city was about twelve miles from Jerusalem, on the side of Nicopolis, formerly Emmaus. - CALMET. See Clarke on Joshua 10:10.
Read AdamClarke on Joshua 16 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. and goeth down westward] Hence the boundary passed unto the “coast” of Beth-horon the nether, i.e. the “Lower Beth-horon,” and Gezer, to the Mediterranean Sea at Jaffa. Japhleti] is unknown. Beth-horon] See above, ch. Joshua 10:10-11. Gezer] See above ch. Joshua 10:33. It probably lay between Beth-horon and Lydda. “The territory assigned to ‘the house of Joseph’ may be roughly estimated at 55 miles from east to west, by 70 from north to south, a portion about equal in extent to the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk combined.”
Read Cambridge on Joshua 16 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleOf Japhleti - Rather “of the Japhletite.” All history of the name is lost.
Read Albert Barnes on Joshua 16 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible3. On Japhleti, or the Japhletite, the note on Archi (Joshua 16:2) will also apply. On Beth-horon see at Joshua 10:10, and Gezer, Joshua 10:33. The Sea — The Mediterranean.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 16 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Then it descended westward to the border of the Japhletites as far as the border of Lower Beth-horon and on to Gezer, and it ended at the Sea.
and it went down westward to the border of the Japhletites, to the border of Beth Horon the lower, and on to Gezer; and ended at the sea.
Then it descended westward to the border of the Japhletites as far as the border of Lower Beth-horon and on to Gezer, and it ended at the Sea.
It then descended westward to Japhletite territory, as far as the territory of lower Beth Horon and Gezer, and ended at the sea.
Tyndale line
And goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti, unto the coast of Beth-horon the nether, and to Gezer: and the goings out thereof are at the sea.
and it went down westward to the border of the Japhletites, unto the border of Beth-horon the nether, even unto Gezer; and the goings out thereof were at the sea.
and it went down westward to the border of the Japhletites, unto the border of Beth-horon the nether, even unto Gezer: and the goings out thereof were at the sea.
And goeth down westward to the border of Japhleti, to the border of Beth-horon the nether, and to Gezer: and the limits of it are at the sea.
And goeth down Westward to the coast of Iaphleti, vnto the coast of Beth-horon the nether, and to Gezer: and the endes thereof are at the Sea.
Strictly literal
and went down westward to the border of the Japhletites, as far as the border of the lower Beth-horon, and to Gezer; and ended at the sea.
and gone down westward unto the border of Japhleti, unto the border of Beth-Horon the lower, and unto Gezer, and its outgoings have been at the sea.
and gone down westward to the border of Japhleti, to the border of the lower Beth-Horon, and to Gezer, and its outgoings have been at the sea.
And went down westward to the boundary of the Yaphleti, unto the border of Beth-choron the lower, and to Gezer; and its terminations were toward the sea.
Then it went down westward to the territory of the Japhletites, as far as the territory of Lower Beth Horon, and then on to Gezer; it ended at the sea.
From the Latin
And goeth down westward, by the border of Jephleti, unto the borders of Beth-horon the nether, and to Gazer: and the countries of it are ended by the great sea:
Simplified
Then it descended west to the border of the Japhletites and the border of Lower Beth-horon, on up to Gezer, and then out to the sea.
And it goes down to the west to the limit of the Japhletites, to the limit of Beth-horon the lower, as far as Gezer; ending at the sea.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement on the essential elements of the verse, with a close correspondence in the wording. However, the Septuagint's phrasing and structure differ from the Hebrew, indicating a translation that adapts the original for its Greek-speaking audience.
וְיָֽרַד־ יָ֜מָּה אֶל־ גְּב֣וּל הַיַּפְלֵטִ֗י עַ֣ד גְּב֧וּל בֵּית־ חוֹרֹ֛ן תַּחְתּ֖וֹן וְעַד־ גָּ֑זֶר וְהָי֥וּ תֹצְאֹתָ֖יו יָֽמָּה׃
10 of the 15 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 16:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word יָרַד (yarad) means to come or go down, covering various contexts such as descending from mountains, going to battle, or sinking in water. It can also refer to divine manifestations descending or being prostrated. The word has different forms including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, which indicate various nuances of bringing down or being brought down.
יָרַד 380 vb. come or go down, descend
Qal 306
come or go down
go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle
go down to (acc.) threshing-floor
go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt
from Jerusalem
from altar
go down
= sink, in water
go down to She’ôl
fig. going down (dissolving) in tears
= be prostrated
of divine manifestations: descend
of inanimate things
Hiph.
cause to come or go down
bring down
send down rain = cause to flow down
= lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor
bring down to She’ôl
take down (from cart)
let down
Hoph.
be brought down
be taken down
base
H3381 יָרַד come or go down, descend .. . come or go down
. go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle
. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor
. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt
. from Jerusalem
. from altar
. go down
. = sink, in water
. go down to She’ôl
. fig. going down (dissolving) in tears
. = be prostrated
. of divine manifestations: descend
. of inanimate things
. . cause to come or go down . bring down
. send down rain = cause to flow down
. = lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor
. bring down to She’ôl
. take down (from cart)
. let down
. . be brought down
. be taken down
3381 yarad yaw-rad'
a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or
conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary,
the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to
bring down (in all the above applications); -X abundantly,
bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down,
fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, X
indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to,
let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.
יָרַד (ya.rad) — to go down.
1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come down
1a2) to sink
1a3) to be prostrated
1a4) to come down (of revelation)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to bring down
1b2) to send down
1b3) to take down
1b4) to lay prostrate
1b5) to let down
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be brought down
1c2) to be taken down
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqq3ms
יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.
יָם 390 n.m. sea
base
H3220 יָם sea
3220 yam yawm
from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in
noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the
article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or
an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the
south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,
side, -ward).
יָם (yam) — sea.
: sea
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — sea: west.
: west
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.
This name means sea, seaward, westward
Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular absolute · suffixHNcmsa/Sd
word: "Ward" and "guard" are two different spellings of the same word, and in consequence no clear line can be drawn between them. English Versions of the Bible, however, has used "guard" only in the sense of "a special body of soldiers" (Ge 37:36, etc.), while "ward" is used, not only in this sense (Jer 37:13; contrast 39:9), but also in a variety of others. So a "ward" may mean "any body of men on special duty," as 1Ch 9:23; the King James Version 1Ch 26:16; Ne 12:24,25 (the Revised Version (British and American) "watch"), or the duty itself, as Isa 21:8;
Ward
A prison (Gen. 40:3, 4); a watch-station (Isa. 21:8); a guard (Neh. 13:30).
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Prep — PrepositionHR
גְּבוּל (gbuwl) refers to a border or boundary, often implying a defined territory. It can denote a physical limit, such as a coast or landmark, and can also have figurative uses, like a region of darkness. The word is derived from a root meaning 'cord' and encompasses various meanings related to boundaries and territories.
גְּבוּל 240 n.m. border, boundary, territory
border, boundary
territory (enclosed within boundary)
base
H1366 גְּבוּל border, boundary, territory
1366 gbuwl gheb-ool'
or (shortened) gbul {gheb-ool'}; from 1379; properly, a cord
(as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extens. the
territory inclosed:--border, bound, coast, X great, landmark,
limit, quarter, space.
see HEBREW for 01379
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: boundary.
: boundary
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
Also means: ge.vul (גְּבוּל ": area" H1366H)
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: area.
: area
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יַפְלֵטִי (yaphletiy) refers to a Japhletite, a descendant of Japhlet, who belonged to the tribe of Asher before the establishment of Israel's monarchy. This term is used in Joshua 16:3 to describe a family or clan located on the southwestern border of Ephraim. It is derived from the root meaning 'let him escape'.
יַפְלֵטִי adj.gent. c. art. as n. coll. Jos 16:3, family or clan on SW. border of Ephraim
ref
H3311 יַפְלֵטִי
3311 Yaphletiy yaf-lay-tee'
patronymically from 3310; a Japhletite or descendant of
Japhlet:--Japhleti.
see HEBREW for 03310
יַפְלֵטִי (yaph.le.ti) — Japhletite.
Someone descended from Japhlet who was a man of the tribe of Asher living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jos.16.3;
son of: Heber (H2268);
brother of: Shomer (H7763H), Hotham (H2369) and Shua (H7774);
father of: Pasach (H6457), Bimhal (H1118) and Ashvath (H6220)
Group of yaph.let (יַפְלֵט "Japhlet" H3310)
§ Japhleti see Japhlet = "let him escape"
descendants of Asher of the family of Japhlet who lived on the southwest border of Ephraim. Used as location
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Prep — PrepositionHR
גְּבוּל (gbuwl) refers to a border or boundary, often implying a defined territory. It can denote a physical limit, such as a coast or landmark, and can also have figurative uses, like a region of darkness. The word is derived from a root meaning 'cord' and encompasses various meanings related to boundaries and territories.
גְּבוּל 240 n.m. border, boundary, territory
border, boundary
territory (enclosed within boundary)
base
H1366 גְּבוּל border, boundary, territory
1366 gbuwl gheb-ool'
or (shortened) gbul {gheb-ool'}; from 1379; properly, a cord
(as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extens. the
territory inclosed:--border, bound, coast, X great, landmark,
limit, quarter, space.
see HEBREW for 01379
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: boundary.
: boundary
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
Also means: ge.vul (גְּבוּל ": area" H1366H)
גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: area.
: area
1) border, territory
1a) border
1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)
1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (Beyth Chowrown) means "house of hollowness" and refers to two towns in the Ephraim region of Palestine: Upper Beth-horon and Lower Beth-horon. The Upper town is situated on the mountains, while the Lower town is located 800 feet lower. The name may suggest a geographical feature, possibly a wady between the two towns.
בֵּית חוֹרֹן n.pr.loc. two cities in Ephraim, lower & upper B.H. (place of a hole or hollow (?), perh. fr. a wady betw. the two, or near by);—cf. הַחֹרֹנִי adj.gent. only of Sanballat
base
H1032 בֵּית חוֹרֹן
1032 Beyth Chowrown bayth kho-rone'
from 1004 and 2356; house of hollowness; Beth-Choron, the
name of two adjoining places in Palestine:--Beth- horon.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 02356
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — Beth-horon.
§ Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
two towns in Ephraim
1a) Upper Beth-horon-town on the mountains of Ephraim
1b) Lower Beth-horon-town located 800 feet (245 m) lower than Upper Beth-horon
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — (Upper) Beth-horon.
Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
Upper Beth-horon-town on the mountains of Ephraim
Combined with el.yon (עֶלְיוֹן ", Upper" H5945)
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — (Lower) Beth-horon.
Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
Lower Beth-horon-town located 800 feet (245 m) lower than Upper Beth-horon on the mountains of Ephraim
Combined with bet cho.ron (בֵּית חוֹרֹן "Beth-horon" H1032)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
Beth
Occurs frequently as the appellation for a house, or dwelling-place, in such compounds as the words immediately following:
the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.
House, forms a part of many compounds names of places, and sometimes means the place or dwelling; and at others the temple. This word becomes Beit in modern Arabic.
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (Beyth Chowrown) means "house of hollowness" and refers to two towns in the Ephraim region of Palestine: Upper Beth-horon and Lower Beth-horon. The Upper town is situated on the mountains, while the Lower town is located 800 feet lower. The name may suggest a geographical feature, possibly a wady between the two towns.
בֵּית חוֹרֹן n.pr.loc. two cities in Ephraim, lower & upper B.H. (place of a hole or hollow (?), perh. fr. a wady betw. the two, or near by);—cf. הַחֹרֹנִי adj.gent. only of Sanballat
base
H1032 בֵּית חוֹרֹן
1032 Beyth Chowrown bayth kho-rone'
from 1004 and 2356; house of hollowness; Beth-Choron, the
name of two adjoining places in Palestine:--Beth- horon.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 02356
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — Beth-horon.
§ Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
two towns in Ephraim
1a) Upper Beth-horon-town on the mountains of Ephraim
1b) Lower Beth-horon-town located 800 feet (245 m) lower than Upper Beth-horon
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — (Upper) Beth-horon.
Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
Upper Beth-horon-town on the mountains of Ephraim
Combined with el.yon (עֶלְיוֹן ", Upper" H5945)
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — (Lower) Beth-horon.
Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
Lower Beth-horon-town located 800 feet (245 m) lower than Upper Beth-horon on the mountains of Ephraim
Combined with bet cho.ron (בֵּית חוֹרֹן "Beth-horon" H1032)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
תַּחְתּוֹן (tachtown) means 'lower' or 'lowest,' derived from a root that signifies 'bottommost.' It is used in contexts referring to something that is beneath or at a lower level, including a specific reference to Beth Horon. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to position and depth.
תַּחְתּוֹן adj. lower, lowest
base
H8481 תַּחְתּוֹן lower, lowest
8481 tachtown takh-tone'
or tachton {takh-tone'}; from 8478;
bottommost:--lower(-est), nether(-most).
see HEBREW for 08478
תַּחְתּוֹן (tach.ton) — Lower (Beth Horon).
Combined with bet cho.ron (בֵּית חוֹרֹן "Beth-horon" H1032)
§ lower, lowest, nether
Another name of bet cho.ron (בֵּית חוֹרֹן "Beth-horon" H1032G)
תַּחְתּוֹן (tach.ton) — lower.
lower, lowest, nether
Adj — Noun properHNpl
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
גֶּ֫זֶר (gezer) refers to a Levitical city located on the border of Ephraim, meaning 'portion.' It is associated with Strong's H1506 and is mentioned in the context of geographical locations in Palestine.
גֶּ֫זֶר n.pr.loc. (portion) Levitical city on border of Ephraim
base
H1507 גֶּ֫זֶר
1507 Gezer gheh'-zer
the same as 1506; Gezer, a place in Palestine:--Gazer,
Gezer.
see HEBREW for 01506
גֶּ֫זֶר (ge.zer) — Gezer.
Gazer or Gezer = "portion"
a Levitical city on the border of Ephraim
Also named: gov (גֹּב "Gob" H1359)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
ge'-zer (gezer): A city of great military importance in ancient times, the site of which has recently been thoroughly explored. The excavations at this spot are the most thorough and extensive of any in Palestine, and have not only done much to confirm the history of the place, as known from Biblical and other sources, but have also thrown a flood of light upon the general history, civilization and religion of Palestine in pre-Israelite and Israelite times.
1. The Discovery and Position of the Site:
The long-lost site of Gezer was discovered by M. Clermont-Ganneau in 1873, and his suggestion that the modern name for the place, Tell Jezer (or Tell el Jezereh) was a survival of the ancient name was confirmed by his further discovery of three bilingual inscriptions, in Hebrew and Greek, cut on surfaces of rock by a certain Alkios, apparently once the governor of the city; in one of them…
Gezer
A precipice, an ancient royal Canaanitish city (Josh. 10:33; 12:12). It was allotted with its suburbs to the Kohathite Levites (21:21; 1 Chr. 6:67). It stood between the lower Beth-horon and the sea (Josh. 16:3; 1 Kings 9:17). It was the last point to which David pursued the Philistines (2 Sam. 5:25; 1 Chr. 14:16) after the battle of Baal-perazim. The Canaanites retained possession of it till the time of Solomon, when the king of Egypt took it and gave it to Solomon as a part of the dowry of the Egyptian princess whom he married (
(a precipice), an ancient city of Canaan, whose king, Hiram or Elam, coming to the assistance of Lachish, was killed with all his people by Joshua. (Joshua 10:33; 12:12) It formed one of the landmarks on the north boundary of Ephraim, between the lower Beth-horon and the Mediterranean, (Joshua 16:3) the western limit of the tribe (1 Chronicles 7:28) It was allotted with its suburbs to the Kohathite Levites, (Joshua 21:21; 1 Chronicles 6:67) but the original inhabitants were not dispossessed, (Judges 1:29) and even down to the reign of Solomon the Canaanites were…
A royal city of the Canaanites, Jos 10:33 12:12; between Bethhoron and the Mediterranean, Jos 16:3; afterwards on the western border of Ephraim, and assigned to the Levites, Jos 16:3 21:21. The Canaanites long retained a foothold in it, Jos 16:10 Jud 1:29; but were dispossessed by a king of Egypt, and the place given to his daughter, the wife of Solomon, 1Ki 9:16, who fortified it.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/Vqq3cp
תּוֹצָאָה (towtsa'ah) refers to the concept of an outgoing or exit, often associated with geographical boundaries or figurative meanings like deliverance and source. It can denote extremities, borders, or even an escape from death. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to go out' and appears only in the plural form.
[תּוֹצָאָה] n.f. outgoing, extremity, source (?), escape
base
H8444 תּוֹצָאָה
8444 towtsa'ah to-tsaw-aw'
or totsaah {to-tsaw-aw'}; from 3318; (only in plural
collective) exit, i.e. (geographical) boundary, or
(figuratively) deliverance, (actively) source:--border(-s),
going(-s) forth (out), issues, outgoings.
see HEBREW for 03318
תּוֹצָאָה (to.tsa.ah) — outgoing.
1) outgoing, border, a going out, extremity, end, source, escape
1a) outgoing, extremity (of border)
1b) source (of life)
1c) escape (from death)
HNcfpc/Sp3ms — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3ms
יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.
יָם 390 n.m. sea
base
H3220 יָם sea
3220 yam yawm
from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in
noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the
article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or
an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the
south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,
side, -ward).
יָם (yam) — sea.
: sea
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — sea: west.
: west
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.
This name means sea, seaward, westward
Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular absolute · suffixHNcmsa/Sd