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Leviticus 11:13 — Word Study

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WLCוְאֶת־ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּ מִן־ הָע֔וֹף לֹ֥א יֵאָכְל֖וּ שֶׁ֣קֶץ הֵ֑ם אֶת־ הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ וְאֶת־ הַפֶּ֔רֶס וְאֵ֖ת הָעָזְנִיָּֽה׃

BSAAdditionallyʼêth you are to detestshâqats [abhor, loathe] the followingʼêl-leh birdsʻôwph [fowls, flying creatures] and they must notlôʼ be eatenʼâkal [devour, consume] because theyhêm are detestablesheqets [an abomination, repulsive] the eaglenesher [a large bird of prey] the bearded vulturepereç [ossifrage, gier-eagle] the black vultureʻoznîyâh [osprey, a type of bird of prey]

Word
Listen & take awayLeviticus 11
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 13 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ha.'a.ze.ni.Yah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Leviticus 11:13quick helps
In a sentenceGod instructs the Israelites on which birds to detest and not eat.
Who is speakingGod, through Moses, giving dietary laws to the Israelites.
Where we areThe laws concerning clean and unclean animals in the book of Leviticus.
The hard wordשִׁקֵּץ
Take awayCertain birds are designated as unclean and should be avoided.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectהֵם verbשִׁקֵּץ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Leviticus 11:13

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Dietary Laws in Leviticusgenerated

12Everything in the water that does not have fins and scales shall be detestable to you.
13Additionally, you are to detest the following birds, and they must not be eaten because they are detestable: the eagle, the bearded vulture, the black vulture,
14the kite, any kind of falcon,
15any kind of raven,

Leviticus 11:13 provides a list of birds that the Israelites are commanded to detest and not eat. This instruction is part of a broader set of laws regarding clean and unclean animals, emphasizing God's standards for holiness and purity among His people.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Deuteronomy 14:12–20but these you may not eat: the eagle, the bearded vulture, the black vulture,
2Job 28:7No bird of prey knows that path; no falcon’s eye has seen it.
3Job 38:41Who provides food for the raven when its young cry out to God as they wander about for lack of food?
4Job 39:27–30Does the eagle soar at your command and make his nest on high?
5Jeremiah 4:13–22Behold, he advances like the clouds, his chariots like the whirlwind. His horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us, for we are ruined!

The Key Word שִׁקֵּץ, te.sha.ke.Tzugenerated

The verb שִׁקֵּץ (shaqats) means to detest or abhor. It is a Piel form, indicating an intensive action, and is used here in the second person plural, addressing the Israelites directly. This word conveys a strong sense of aversion, suggesting that these birds are not merely unclean but are to be regarded with disgust.

The root of שִׁקֵּץ relates to filth and pollution, indicating that these birds are not just forbidden for consumption but are considered morally and spiritually repulsive.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In this study, we refer to the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), which uses the term detest.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּ (te.sha.ke.Tzu) governs the sentence, with a noun phrase following it that describes what is to be detested. The structure emphasizes the command given to the Israelites regarding specific birds.

The Hebrew word order places the verb first, highlighting the imperative nature of the command, followed by the details of the birds that are to be avoided.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates שִׁקֵּץ as βδελύχεσθε (bdeluchesthe), which also means to detest or abhor. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, reinforcing the strong prohibition against these birds.

This translation indicates a consistent understanding of the aversion required towards these birds, as both texts convey a similar sense of disgust.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Leviticus 11:13 tells the Israelites to detest certain birds and not eat them because they are considered detestable. This instruction is part of God's laws about clean and unclean animals, emphasizing the importance of purity in their diet.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

Why are these birds considered detestable?

These birds are labeled as detestable because they are associated with filth and are not suitable for consumption according to God's dietary laws.

What does it mean to detest something?

To detest something means to have a strong aversion or dislike for it, to find it repulsive or abhorrent.

How do these dietary laws apply to us today?

While these specific laws were given to the Israelites, they reflect God's desire for His people to maintain holiness and purity, principles that can still be relevant today.

What other animals are considered unclean?

Other unclean animals are listed in Leviticus 11, including certain mammals, reptiles, and fish that do not have fins and scales.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some modern examples of things we might detest or avoid for moral or health reasons?
  2. How can understanding these dietary laws help us appreciate the holiness that God desires for His people?
  3. In what ways can we apply the principle of detesting what is unclean in our own lives?
  4. How does this command reflect God's care for the well-being of His people?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Richard Challoner comments on the nature of the griffon, noting its size and relation to other birds of prey.

Richard Challoner 1691–1781
The griffon: Not the monster which the painter represent, which hath no being upon earth; but a bird of the eagle kind, larger than the common.
Early Church Fathers on Leviticus 11 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Leviticus 11:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And these [are they which] ye shall have in abomination among the fowls,.... No description or sign is given of fowls, as of beasts and fishes, only the names of those not to be eaten; which,

Read John Gill on Leviticus 11 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray, These are they ... abomination among the fowls.

Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 11 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The true signification of these and the following Hebrew words is now lost, as the Jews at this day confess, which not falling out without God’ s singular providence may intimate the cessation or abolition of this law, the exact observation whereof since Christ came is become impossible. In general, this may be observed, that the fowls forbidden in diet are all either ravenous and cruel, or such as delight in the night and darkness, or such as feed upon impure things; and so the signification and reason of these prohibitions is manifest, to teach men to abominate all cruelty or oppression, and all works of darkness and filthiness. The ossifrage and the ospray are two peculiar kinds of…

Read Matthew Poole on Leviticus 11 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Leviticus 11:13 And these [are they which] ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they [are] an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,Ver. 13. The eagle.] Which yet is counted and called the king of birds, and delights in high flying. That which is highly "esteemed amongst men is abomination before God."

Read John Trapp on Leviticus 11 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(13) Ye shall have in abomination among the fowls.—The third of the four great divisions of the animal kingdom—viz., the birds of the air, in accordance with their proper sequence—is discussed in Leviticus 11:13-19. It will be seen that, whilst in the case of the two preceding divisions of the animal kingdom certain signs are given by which to distinguish the clean from the unclean animals, in the division before us a list is simply given of the birds which are unclean and prohibited. This absence of all criteria is all the more remarkable, since after some of the birds mentioned it is added “after his kind,” or “after her kind” (see Leviticus 11:14-16; Leviticus 11:19), thus showing that…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 11 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 13. And these - among the fowls - the eagle] נשר nesher, from nashar, to lacerate, cut, or tear to pieces; hence the eagle, a most rapacious bird of prey, from its tearing the flesh of the animals it feeds on; and for this purpose birds of prey have, in general, strong, crooked talons and a hooked beak. The eagle is a cruel bird, exceedingly ravenous, and almost insatiable. The ossifrage] Or bone-breaker, from os, a bone, and frango, I break, because it not only strips off the flesh, but breaks the bone in order to extract the marrow. In Hebrew it is called פרס peres, from paras, to break or divide in two, and probably signifies that species of the eagle anciently known by the name of…

Read AdamClarke on Leviticus 11 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

13. the eagle] Heb. nésher, great vulture R.V. mg. The nésher is described (Micah 1:16) as bald, as spying for prey on the peaks of the rocks, and as swooping down upon the slain (Habakkuk 1:8; Job 39:27-30). The griffon, of the vulture family, is denoted by this Heb. word. The eagle cannot be described as bald, having feathers on the head and neck, but the griffon has only down. the gier eagle] Heb. péreṣ ?, the ‘breaker’ or ‘cleaver’: the bearded vulture, Gypaetus barbatus, which breaks the bones of animals in order to obtain the marrow. Hence the name ‘ossifrage’ (bone breaker) in A.V. Geire (cp. the German Geier) was an old English word for vulture. the ospray] The fishing hawk or…

Read Cambridge on Leviticus 11 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

As far as they can be identified, the birds here mentioned are such as live upon animal food.

Read Albert Barnes on Leviticus 11 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Additionally, you are to detest the following birds, and they must not be eaten because they are detestable: the eagle, the bearded vulture, the black vulture,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“‘You shall detest these among the birds; they shall not be eaten because they are an abomination: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture,

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Additionally, you are to detest the following birds, and they must not be eaten because they are detestable: the eagle, the bearded vulture, the black vulture,

NETBNew English Translation2006

“‘These you are to detest from among the birds – they must not be eaten, because they are detestable: the griffon vulture, the bearded vulture, the black vulture,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

¶ And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And these ye shall have in abomination among the birds; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the gier-eagle, and the ospray,

RVARevised Version, American1894

And these ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the gier eagle, and the ospray;

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,

GNVGeneva Bible1599

These shall ye haue also in abomination among the foules, they shall not be eaten: for they are an abomination, the eagle, and the goshauke, and the osprey:

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And these shall ye have in abomination of the fowls; they shall not be eaten; an abomination shall they be: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the sea-eagle,

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

'And these ye do abominate of the fowl; they are not eaten, an abomination they [are]: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And these you detest of the bird—they are not eaten, they [are] an abomination: the eagle, and the bearded vulture, and the osprey,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And these shall ye have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: The eagle, and the ossifrage, and the osprey,

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

The birds you must detest and that you must not eat are these: the eagle, the vulture,

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Of birds these are they which you must not eat, and which are to be avoided by you: The eagle, and the griffon, and the osprey,

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

As for the birds, these must not be eaten because they are repulsive: eagle, griffon vulture, bearded vulture,

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And among birds these are to be disgusting to you, and not to be used for food: the eagle and the gier-eagle and the ospray;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclausenoun phrase · objectאֶת(et)אֵ֨לֶּה֙theseverbתְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּyou.will.detestprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִןfromnoun phraseהָtheע֔וֹףbird[s]clauseclauseadverbialלֹ֥אnotverbיֵאָכְל֖וּthey.will.be.eatenclausepredicateשֶׁ֣קֶץ[are].detestable.thing[s]subjectהֵ֑םtheyclausenoun phrase · subjectnoun phraseאֶת(et)noun phraseהַtheנֶּ֨שֶׁר֙eagleוְandnoun phraseאֶת(et)noun phraseהַthe.beardedפֶּ֔רֶסvultureוְandnoun phraseאֵ֖ת(et)noun phraseהָthe.blackעָזְנִיָּֽהvulture

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, with 14 out of 15 words matching. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs by one word, using תאכלו (eat) instead of the Masoretic יֵאָכְל֖וּ (they will be eaten). The Dead Sea Scrolls show a similar structure but have some words restored by an editor.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְאֶת־ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּ מִן־ הָע֔וֹף לֹ֥א יֵאָכְל֖וּ שֶׁ֣קֶץ הֵ֑ם אֶת־ הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ וְאֶת־ הַפֶּ֔רֶס וְאֵ֖ת הָעָזְנִיָּֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְאֶת־καὶאֵ֙לֶּה֙ταῦταתְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּβδελύχεσθεמִן־ἀπὸהָע֔וֹףπετεινῶνלֹ֥אοὐיֵאָכְל֖וּβρωθήσεταιשֶׁ֣קֶץβδέλυγμάהֵ֑םἐστινהַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ἀετὸνוְאֶת־καὶהַפֶּ֔רֶסγρύπαוְאֵ֖תκαὶהָעָזְנִיָּֽה׃ἁλιαίετον

14 of the 15 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

ואת אלה תשׁקצו מן העוף לא תאכלו שׁקץ הם את הנשׁר ואת הפרס ואת העזניה

1 word differs from the Masoretic Text: תאכלו (eat)

Dead Sea Scrolls — Mas1ba copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ואת] אלה תשקצו [מן] העוף [לא] [יאכלו] [שקץ] [הם] [את] [הנשר] [ואת] [הפרס] ואת [העזניה]

2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 11 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Leviticus 11:13אֵתand the objand the object אֵתאֵ֫לֶּהthesetheseאֵ֫לֶּהשִׁקֵּץyou will coyou will considשִׁקֵּץמִן־fromfromמִן־עוֹףthe bird[s]the bird[s]עוֹףלֹאnotnotלֹאאָכַלthey will bthey will be eaאָכַלשֶׁ֫קֶץ[are] detes[are] detestablשֶׁ֫קֶץהֵ֫מָּהtheytheyהֵ֫מָּהאֵתthe object the object markאֵתנֶשֶׁרthe eaglethe eagleנֶשֶׁראֵתand the objand the object אֵתפֶּ֫רֶסthe beardedthe bearded vulפֶּ֫רֶסאֵתand the objand the object אֵתעָזְנִיָּהthe ospreythe ospreyעָזְנִיָּהאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתאֵלthesetheseאֵלעוּףto flyto flyעוּףשִׁקֵּץto detestto detestשִׁקֵּץהֲלַךְto goto goהֲלַךְפָּרַסto divideto divideפָּרַסמֵןstringstringמֵןעֹזstrengthstrengthעֹזמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁתּוֹלֵדוֹתgenerationgenerationתּוֹלֵדוֹתאַלּוּףtametameאַלּוּףתַּעָבto abhorto abhorתַּעָברָחַקto removeto removeרָחַקיָתַרto remainto remainיָתַרבְּהֵמָהanimalanimalבְּהֵמָהשָׁמַיheavenheavenשָׁמַייָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 11:13

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
וְאֶת־ve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | DirObjM — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
אֵ֙לֶּה֙'e.leh these H428 Particle
746× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to point out specific people or things, like saying 'these' or 'those'. It appears in the book of Genesis, where God says 'let there be light' and separates the light from the darkness.
Tyndale gloss
these
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these

in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)

repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those

with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)

with preps.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)

. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those

. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)

. with preps.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

428 'el-leh ale'-leh

prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one

sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,

thus, which, who(-m).

see HEBREW for 0411

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.

1) these

1a) used before antecedent

1b) used following antecedent

Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Particle
HTm
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּte.sha.ke.Tzu you will consider detestable H8262 Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine plural
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To detest or loathe something is the meaning of this word, as seen in Psalm 119:163 where the writer hates falsehood. It involves strong feelings of dislike or disgust.
Amplified meaning
abhor, loathe
Tyndale gloss
to detest
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שִׁקֵּץ (shaqats) is a verb meaning to detest or make detestable. It is derived from a primitive root that conveys the idea of being filthy or loathsome. The word covers meanings related to abomination and pollution, emphasizing a strong aversion. It appears in contexts where something is considered utterly abhorrent.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שִׁקֵּץ] vb. Pi. denom. detest, make detestable

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8262 שִׁקֵּץ vb. Pi. denom. detest, make detestable

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8262 shaqats shaw-kats'

a primitive root; to be filthy, i.e. (intensively) to loathe,

pollute:--abhor, make abominable, have in abomination,

detest, X utterly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שִׁקֵּץ (sha.qats) — to detest.

1) (Piel) to detest, make abominable, count filthy, make detestable

1a) to detest

1b) to make detestable

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine plural
HVpi2mp
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
מִן־min- from H4480 Preposition
1,189× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a portion or part of something, and is often used to show the relationship between things, like from or out of something.
Tyndale gloss
from
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מִן־ (*min*) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' indicating separation or origin. It covers various uses, including temporal references, comparisons, and causal relationships. Additionally, it can denote a portion when used as a noun מֵן (*men*). The entries highlight its versatility in expressing different nuances of separation and position.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִן־, and מִ, before יְ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not

with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal

from, against

מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

of position, off, on the side of, on

Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

Partitively

Of time—

as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

towards, to

(וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

In comparisons, beyond, above

מן is prefixed to an infin.:

with causal force, from, on account of, through

after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

with a temporal force, since, after

Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

In compounds:

base

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4480a מִן־, מִ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not . with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal . from, against

. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from

. of position, off, on the side of, on

. Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex

. Partitively

. Of time— . as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since

. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after

. towards, to

. (וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to

. In comparisons, beyond, above

. מן is prefixed to an infin.: . with causal force, from, on account of, through

. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.

. with a temporal force, since, after

. Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4480 min min

or minniy {min-nee'}; or minney (constructive plural)

{min-nay'}; (Isaiah 30:11); for 4482; properly, a part of;

hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses (as

follows):--above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason

of), from (among), in, X neither, X nor, (out) of, over,

since, X then, through, X whether, with.

see HEBREW for 04482

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִן־ (min) — from.

prep

1) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than

1a) from (expressing separation), off, on the side of

1b) out of

1b1) (with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling)

1b2) (of material from which something is made)

1b3) (of source or origin)

1c) out of, some of, from (partitively)

1d) from, since, after (of time)

1e) than, more than (in comparison)

1f) from...even to, both...and, either...or

1g) than, more than, too much for (in comparisons)

1h) from, on account of, through, because (with infinitive)

conj

2) that

Aramaic equivalent: min (מִן־ "from" H4481)

מֵן (men) — portion.

n.m.

portion

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
הָע֔וֹףha.'of the bird[s] H5775 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
71× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word simply means a bird, like the ones that fly in the sky. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Psalms, often symbolizing freedom.
Amplified meaning
fowls, flying creatures
Tyndale gloss
bird
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עוֹף (owph) refers to flying creatures, including birds and insects. It is derived from the root meaning to cover with wings, emphasizing the aspect of flight. The term encompasses various types of fowl and winged insects, and it is noted in the Aramaic as well. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עוֹף 70 n.m. coll. flying creatures, fowls, insects

fowl, birds

winged insects

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5775 עוֹף flying creatures, fowls, insects . fowl, birds

. winged insects

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5775 `owph ofe

from 5774; a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as

covering with wings), often collectively:--bird, that flieth,

flying, fowl.

see HEBREW for 05774

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עוֹף (oph) — bird.

1) flying creatures, fowl, insects, birds

1a) fowl, birds

1b) winged insects

Aramaic equivalent: oph (עוֹף "bird" H5776)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
לֹ֥אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
יֵאָכְל֖וּye.'a.khe.Lu they will be eaten H398 Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine plural
810× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to eat or devour, and it's used in many stories, including when Jesus fed the 5000 with fish and bread in the book of Matthew. It's about taking in nourishment and being satisfied.
Amplified meaning
devour, consume
Tyndale gloss
to eat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָכַל (akal) means 'to eat' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including literal consumption by humans and animals, as well as figurative uses like devouring by fire or destruction. It can describe actions such as feeding or causing to eat, and it also appears in contexts of oppression and destruction. The verb has various forms, indicating different subjects and nuances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָכַל 806 vb. eat

Qal

eat, human subject

of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

fig. of fire, devour, consume

of sword, devour, slay

in genl., devour, consume, destroy

fig. of oppression, devour the poor

Niph.

be eaten by man

be devoured by fire, consumed

be wasted, destroyed, of flesh

Pu. be consumed

Hiph.

cause to eat, feed with

cause to devoure, obj. sword

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H398 אָכַל eat .. eat, human subject

. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

. fig. of fire, devour, consume

. of sword, devour, slay

. in genl., devour, consume, destroy

. fig. of oppression, devour the poor

. . be eaten by man

. be devoured by fire, consumed

. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh

. be consumed

. . cause to eat, feed with

. cause to devoure, obj. sword

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

398 'akal aw-kal'

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at

all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up),

feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay)

meat, X quite.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָכַל (a.khal) — to eat.

1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to eat (human subject)

1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)

1a3) to devour, consume (of fire)

1a4) to devour, slay (of sword)

1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought)

1a6) to devour (of oppression)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be eaten (by men)

1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire)

1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to cause to eat, feed with

1c2) to cause to devour

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to feed

1d2) to cause to eat

1e) (Piel)

1e1) consume

Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Niphal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVNi3mp
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
שֶׁ֣קֶץShe.ketz [are] detestable thing[s] H8263 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means something that is detestable or an abomination, like the idols in Deuteronomy 7:25. It refers to things that are considered filthy or unclean.
Amplified meaning
an abomination, repulsive
Tyndale gloss
detestation
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׁ֫קֶץ (sheqets) refers to a detestable thing or abomination, often associated with idolatrous objects and filth. It is built from the root meaning of filth and carries a strong connotation of detestation. The term appears in contexts related to uncleanliness and idolatry.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֶׁ֫קֶץ n.m. detestation, detestable thing

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8263 שֶׁ֫קֶץ detestation, detestable thing

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8263 sheqets sheh'-kets

from 8262; filth, i.e. (figuratively and specifically) an

idolatrous object:--abominable(-tion).

see HEBREW for 08262

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׁ֫קֶץ (she.qets) — detestation.

detestable thing or idol, an unclean thing, an abomination, detestation

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
הֵ֑םHem they H1992 Pronoun
553× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to refer to a group of men, emphasizing that it is specifically them. It is often translated as 'they' or 'them' in the Bible, and appears in books like Exodus and Isaiah.
Tyndale gloss
they(masc.)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֵ֫מָּה (hemmah) is a masculine plural pronoun meaning 'they.' The entries indicate that it can also mean 'these,' 'the same,' or refer to people in an emphatic context. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its usage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֵ֫מָּה and הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) pron. 3 pl. masc. they

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1992 הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences) they

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1992 hem haym

or (prolonged) hemmah {haym'-maw}; masculine plural from

1981; they (only used when emphatic):--it, like, X (how, so)

many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, X so, X such,

their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye.

see HEBREW for 01981

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֵ֫מָּה (hem.mah) — they(masc.).

they, these, the same, who

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3mp
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ha.Ne.sher the eagle H5404 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
26× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
An eagle or other large bird of prey, representing strength and agility. In the Bible, eagles are often used to describe God's care and protection, as seen in Psalm 91 and Matthew 24.
Amplified meaning
a large bird of prey
Tyndale gloss
eagle
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נֶשֶׁר (nesher) refers to a griffon-vulture or eagle, derived from a root meaning to lacerate. The term covers large birds of prey, including both eagles and vultures. It has an Aramaic equivalent, נְשַׁר (ne.shar), which also means eagle.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶשֶׁר n.m. griffon-vulture, eagle

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5404 נֶשֶׁר griffon-vulture, eagle

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5404 nesher neh'-sher

from an unused root meaning to lacerate; the eagle (or other

large bird of prey):--eagle.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶשֶׁר (ne.sher) — eagle.

eagle, vulture, griffon-vulture

Aramaic equivalent: ne.shar (נְשַׁר "eagle" H5403)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

e'-g'-l (nesher; aetos; Latin aquila): A bird of the genus aquila of the family falconidae.

The Hebrew nesher, meaning "to tear with the beak," is almost invariably translated "eagle," throughout the Bible; yet many of the most important references compel the admission that the bird to which they applied was a vulture.

There were many large birds and carrion eaters flocking over Palestine, attracted by the offal from animals slaughtered for tribal feasts and continuous sacrifice. The eagle family could not be separated from the vultures by their habit of feeding, for they ate the offal from slaughter as well as the vultures. One distinction always holds good. Eagles never flock. They select the tallest trees of the forest, the topmost crag of the mountain, and pairs live in solitude, hunting and feeding singly, whenever possible carrying their prey to the nest so that the young may gain…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Eagle

(Herb. nesher; properly the griffon vulture or great vulture, so called from its tearing its prey with its beak), referred to for its swiftness of flight (Deut. 28:49; 2 Sam. 1:23), its mounting high in the air (Job 39:27), its strength (Ps. 103:5), its setting its nest in high places (Jer. 49:16), and its power of vision (Job 39:27-30).

This “ravenous bird” is a symbol of those nations whom God employs and sends forth to do a work of destruction, sweeping away whatever is decaying and putrescent (Matt.…

Job 39:27-30, a large and very powerful bird of prey, hence called the King of birds. There are several species of eagle described by naturalists, and it is probable that this word in the Bible comprehends more than one of these. The noble eastern species, called by Mr. Bruce "the golden eagle," measures eight feet four inches from wing to wing; and from the tip of his tail to the point of his beak, when dead, four feet seven inches. Of all known birds, the eagle flies not only the highest, Pr 23:5 Jer 49:16 Ob 1:4, but also with the greatest rapidity. To this circumstance there are several striking allusions in the sacred volume,

and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
וְאֶת־ve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/To — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
הַפֶּ֔רֶסha.Pe.res the bearded vulture H6538 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Bible uses this word to describe a type of bird of prey, possibly a vulture or eagle. It is known for its sharp claws and is mentioned in the book of Leviticus as an unclean animal.
Amplified meaning
ossifrage, gier-eagle
Tyndale gloss
vulture
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פֶּ֫רֶס (peres) refers to a bird of prey, possibly a bearded vulture or ossifrage. It is derived from a root meaning 'claw' and may also refer to an extinct animal, though its exact meaning is uncertain. The entries suggest a focus on its predatory nature.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֶּ֫רֶס n.[m.] a bird of prey, perh. bearded vulture, ‘ossifrage’

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6538 פֶּ֫רֶס a bird of prey, perh. bearded vulture, ‘ossifrage’

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6538 perec peh'-res

from 6536; a claw; also a kind of eagle:--claw, ossifrage.

see HEBREW for 06536

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֶּ֫רֶס (pe.res) — vulture.

1) bird of prey

1a) perhaps bearded vulture or ossifrage

1b) perhaps an extinct animal, exact meaning unknown

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

vul'-tur (da'ah; Septuagint gups, and iktinos; Latin Vulturidae): Any member of a family of large birds that subsist wholly or in part on carrion. The largest vulture of Palestine was the Lammer-geier. This bird waited until smaller vultures, eagles and hawks stripped a carcass to the bone, then carried the skeleton aloft and dashed it on the rocks until the marrow could be secured. This was a favorite delicacy. This bird was fond of tortoise also, and is said to have dropped the one that struck the bald head of Aeschylus, which the bird mistook for a stone, so causing the death of the poet. Several smaller species, including "Pharaoh's chickens," flocked all over Palestine. These were protected by a death penalty for their value as scavengers in cities. They fed on carcasses of animals that killed each other, ate putrid fish under the nests of pelican and cormorant, followed caravans…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Vulture

(1.) Heb. da’ah (Lev. 11:14). In the parallel passage (Deut. 14:13) the Hebrew word used is ra’ah, rendered “glede;” LXX., “gups;” Vulg., “milvus.” A species of ravenous bird, distinguished for its rapid flight. “When used without the epithet ‘red,’ the name is commonly confined to the black kite. The habits of the bird bear out the allusion in Isa. 34:15, for it is, excepting during the winter three months, so numerous everywhere in Palestine as to be almost gregarious.” (See EAGLE.)

(2.) In Job 28:7 the Heb. ‘ayyah is thus rendered. The word denotes a clamorous and a keen-sighted bird of prey. In

The rendering in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew daah, dayyah , and also in (Job 28:7) of ayyah . There seems no doubt that the Authorized Versions translation is incorrect, and that the original words refer to some of the smaller species of raptorial birds, as kites or buzzards. [KITE] But the Hebrew word nesher , invariably rendered "eagle" in the Authorized Version, is probably the vulture. [EAGLE]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A large bird of prey, belonging to the genus hawks, and including a great many species. It is pronounced unclean by Moses, Le 11:14 De 14:13. See BIRDS. The vulture has a naked or downy head, a bare neck and long wings, and is disgusting to every sense, especially to the smell. It is a carrion bird, though not exclusively, and has extraordinary powers of vision. Scarcely can an exhausted camel fall on it route and die, before numbers of these filthy scavengers show themselves in the distance, hastening to the spot, Job 28:7.

and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
וְאֵ֖תve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/To — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the object marker these you will consider detestable from the bird[s] not they will be eaten [are] detestable thing[s] they the object marker the eagle and the object marker the bearded vulture and the object marker the osprey
הָעָזְנִיָּֽה׃ha.'a.ze.ni.Yah the osprey H5822 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Ozniah refers to a type of bird of prey, possibly an osprey or black eagle, and is considered unclean in biblical times. It is mentioned in the Bible as a bird that was not suitable for consumption. The exact meaning is still unknown today.
Amplified meaning
osprey, a type of bird of prey
Tyndale gloss
vulture
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָזְנִיָּה (ozniyah) refers to an unclean bird of prey, likely akin to a vulture, and is identified as an osprey. The term is probably feminine and may also refer to a black eagle or buzzard, though its exact meaning is uncertain, with some sources suggesting it could denote an extinct species.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָזְנִיָּה n.f. (unclean) bird of prey, appar. akin to vulture; = osprey

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5822 עָזְנִיָּה (unclean) bird of prey, appar. akin to vulture; = osprey

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5822 `ozniyah oz-nee-yaw'

probably feminine of 5797; probably the sea-eagle (from its

strength):--ospray.

see HEBREW for 05797

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עׇזְנִיָּה (oz.niy.yah) — vulture.

1) an unclean bird of prey

1a) osprey, black eagle, buzzard

1b) perhaps an extinct bird, exact meaning unknown

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Osprey

Heb. ‘ozniyyah, an unclean bird according to the Mosaic law (Lev. 11:13; Deut. 14:12); the fish-eating eagle (Pandion haliaetus); one of the lesser eagles. But the Hebrew word may be taken to denote the short-toed eagle (Circaetus gallicus of Southern Europe), one of the most abundant of the eagle tribe found in Palestine.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The Hebrew word occurs in (Leviticus 11:13) and Deuteronomy 14:12 So the name of some unclean bird. It’s probably either the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) or the white-tailed eagle (Haliaetus albicella).

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A bird of the eagle kind, unfit for food, Le 11:13. It is thought to be the sea eagle, or the black eagle of Egypt. See BIRDS.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ A carnivorous bird

→ Forbidden as food Le 11:13; De 14:12

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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