Numbers 19:5 — Word Study
WLCוְשָׂרַ֥ף אֶת־ הַפָּרָ֖ה לְעֵינָ֑יו אֶת־ עֹרָ֤הּ וְאֶת־ בְּשָׂרָהּ֙ וְאֶת־ דָּמָ֔הּ עַל־ פִּרְשָׁ֖הּ יִשְׂרֹֽף׃
BSAThen the heiferpârâh [a young female cow, a red cow] must be burnedsâraph [set on fire, consumed by flames] in his sightʻayin [before his eyes, in his presence] Its hideʻôwr [skin, outer covering] its fleshbâsâr [body, meat] and its blooddâm [life-giving fluid] are to be burnedsâraph▸ [destroyed by fire, completely consumed] along withʻal its dungperesh [waste, refuse, excrement]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְשָׂרַ֥ף | and he will burn | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| הַפָּרָ֖ה | the heifer | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| לְעֵינָ֑יו | to eyes his | Preposition, noun common feminine dual construct, suffix |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| עֹרָ֤הּ | skin its | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| בְּשָׂרָהּ֙ | flesh its | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| דָּמָ֔הּ | blood its | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| עַל־ | with | Preposition |
| פִּרְשָׁ֖הּ | offal its | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| יִשְׂרֹֽף׃ | he will burn | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Then the heifer must be burned in his sight. Its hide, its flesh, and its blood are to be burned, along with its dung. |
| KJV | And one shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn: |
| ASV | And one shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn: |
| YLT | and [one] hath burnt the cow before his eyes; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, besides her dung, he doth burn; |
| WEB | One shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her meat, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn. |
| BBE | And the cow is to be burned before him, her skin and her flesh and her blood and her waste are to be burned: |
Where they part company is in the details of the heifer's components to be burned — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause followed by a noun phrase and a prepositional phrase, which clarify what is to be burned.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׂרַף
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Numbers 19:5
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Purification Ritualgenerated
Numbers 19:5 describes a specific ritual involving the burning of a heifer for purification purposes. This act is part of the broader sacrificial system outlined in the Torah, emphasizing the importance of ritual purity in the community. The heifer, along with its hide, flesh, blood, and dung, is to be burned in the sight of the priest, symbolizing complete destruction and the seriousness of sin and purification.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 29:14 | But burn the flesh of the bull and its hide and dung outside the camp; it is a sin offering. |
| 2 | Leviticus 4:11–12 | But the hide of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and legs and its entrails and dung— |
| 3 | Psalm 22:14 | I am poured out like water, and all my bones are disjointed. My heart is like wax; it melts away within me. |
| 4 | Isaiah 53:10 | Yet it was the LORD’s will to crush Him and to cause Him to suffer; and when His soul is made a guilt offering, He will see His offspring, He will prolong His days, and the good pleasure of the LORD will prosper in His hand. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׂרַף, ve.sa.Rafgenerated
The verb שָׂרַף (*saraf*) means 'to burn' and is a primitive root that encompasses various forms of burning, including the act of setting something on fire. It is used frequently in the Old Testament, often in the context of sacrifices and destruction.
This verb appears in the Qal stem, indicating a simple action of burning. The use of this word in the context of the heifer ritual highlights the totality of the destruction required for purification, as nothing is to remain.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb שָׂרַף governs the main clause, indicating the action that must be taken. The structure includes a noun phrase for the heifer, followed by several noun phrases detailing what is to be burned, and a prepositional phrase indicating the context of the action.
The word order emphasizes the heifer and its parts, with the action of burning placed prominently at the beginning, highlighting its importance in the ritual.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb שָׂרַף is rendered as κατακαύσουσιν (*katakausousin*), which means 'they will burn up.' This choice indicates a strong emphasis on the complete destruction of the heifer.
The translation reflects a similar understanding of the act of burning as total consumption, aligning with the ritual's intent.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Numbers 19:5 explains that the heifer must be burned completely in the presence of the priest. Its hide, flesh, blood, and dung are all to be burned together, signifying the total destruction necessary for purification.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Burning the heifer symbolizes the complete removal of sin and impurity from the community, serving as a means of purification.
All parts are burned to signify total destruction, which is necessary for the ritual of purification, ensuring that nothing associated with sin remains.
The priest oversees the ritual, ensuring that it is performed correctly and that the community remains in a state of purity.
This ritual connects to other sacrificial practices in the Bible, emphasizing the need for atonement and purification through the shedding and burning of sacrificial animals.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does this ritual teach us about the seriousness of sin and the need for purification?
- How can we apply the principles of sacrifice and atonement in our own lives today?
- In what ways do we see the concept of purification reflected in our community practices?
- What steps can we take to ensure that we are living in a state of spiritual purity?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Numbers 19:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd [one] shall burn the heifer in his sight,.... Another priest, as the Targum of Jonathan, Eleazar looking on, as that expresses it; the Jews say (g), that when the priest came to the mount of
Read John Gill on Numbers 19 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Eleazar the priest shall take of her blood with his finger, and sprinkle of her blood directly before the tabernacle of the congregation seven times: No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Numbers 19 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTo signify the sharp and grievous sufferings of Christ for our sins. Her blood; all of it but what was spent in sprinkling.
Read Matthew Poole on Numbers 19 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsNumbers 19:5 And [one] shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn:Ver. 5. Shall he burn.] To set forth Christ’ s ardent love and bitter sufferings. Love itself is a passion, and delights to express itself by suffering for the party beloved.
Read John Trapp on Numbers 19 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible5. Shall burn the heifer — The burning was not the means adopted to dispose of the victim in a fitting manner; it must have had a svmbolical significance looking toward expiation.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Numbers 19 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Then the heifer must be burned in his sight. Its hide, its flesh, and its blood are to be burned, along with its dung.
One shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her meat, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn.
Then the heifer must be burned in his sight. Its hide, its flesh, and its blood are to be burned, along with its dung.
Then the heifer must be burned in his sight – its skin, its flesh, its blood, and its offal is to be burned.
Tyndale line
And one shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn:
And one shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn:
and one shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn:
And one shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn:
And cause the kow to be burnt in his sight: with her skinne, and her flesh, and her blood, and her doung shall he burne her.
Strictly literal
And one shall burn the heifer before his eyes; its skin and its flesh, and its blood, with its dung, shall he burn.
and [one] hath burnt the cow before his eyes; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, besides her dung, he doth burn;
and [one] has burned the cow before his eyes; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, besides her dung, he burns;
And some one shall burn the cow before his eyes; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn.
Another priest must burn the heifer in his sight. He must burn its hide, flesh, and its blood with its dung.
From the Latin
And shall burn her in the sight of all, delivering up to the fire her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, and her dung.
Simplified
Then the cow must be burned as he watches. All of it is to be burned—its skin, meat, and blood, as well as its excrement.
And the cow is to be burned before him, her skin and her flesh and her blood and her waste are to be burned:
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches 11 of the 13 words. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs by one word, using עורה (*skin*) instead of the Masoretic עור (*hide*). The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but align closely with the Masoretic Text.
וְשָׂרַ֥ף אֶת־ הַפָּרָ֖ה לְעֵינָ֑יו אֶת־ עֹרָ֤הּ וְאֶת־ בְּשָׂרָהּ֙ וְאֶת־ דָּמָ֔הּ עַל־ פִּרְשָׁ֖הּ יִשְׂרֹֽף׃
11 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ושׂרף את הפרה לעיניו את עורה ואת בשׂרה ואת דמה על פרשׁה ישׂרף
1 word differs from the Masoretic Text: עורה (skin)
[ושרף] את הפרה לעיני׳ו את עור׳ה [ואת] [בשר׳ה] [ואת] [דמ׳ה] [על] [פרש׳ה] [ישרוף]
4 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 8 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Numbers 19:5
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שָׂרַף (*saraph*) is a primitive root meaning 'to burn.' It encompasses various forms, including Qal (to burn), Niphal (to be burned), Piel (burner), and Pual (to be burnt up). The entries suggest a focus on the act of burning and its implications, with no significant disagreements noted among the lexicons.
שָׂרַף 117 vb. burn
Qal burn
Niph. be burned
Pi. his burner, usu. one burning him, but prob. burning spices for him
Pu. it was burnt up (and gone).
base
H8313 שָׂרַף burn
8313 saraph saw-raf'
a primitive root; to be (causatively, set) on fire:--(cause
to, make a) burn((-ing), up) kindle, X utterly.
שָׂרַף (sa.raph) — to burn.
1) to burn
1a) (Qal) to burn
1b) (Niphal) to be burned
1c) (Piel) burner, burning (participle)
1d) (Pual) to be burnt up, be burned
Also means: sa.raph (סָרַף "to burn" H5635)
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqq3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
פָּרָה (parah) refers to a heifer or cow, specifically a female bovine. The entries consistently define it as a heifer or cow, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
פָּרָה 26 n.f. heifer, cow
base
H6510 פָּרָה heifer, cow
6510 parah paw-raw'
feminine of 6499; a heifer:--cow, heifer, kine.
see HEBREW for 06499
פָּרָה (pa.rah) — heifer.
cow, heifer
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
hef'-er (parah, in Nu 19 (see following article) and Ho 4:16; `eghlah, elsewhere in the Old Testament; damalis, in Heb 9:13):For the "heifer of three years old" in the King James Version, the Revised Version margin of Isa 15:5; Jer 48:34, see EGLATH-SHELISHIYAH. A young cow (contrast BULLOCK). The `eghlah figures specifically in religious rites only in the ceremony of De 21:1-9 for the cleansing of the land, where an unexpiated murder had been committed. This was not a sacrificial rite--the priests are witnesses only, and the animal was slain by breaking the neck--but sacrificial purity was required for the heifer.…
Heifer
Heb. ‘eglah, (Deut. 21:4, 6; Jer. 46:20). Untrained to the yoke (Hos. 10:11); giving milk (Isa. 7:21); ploughing (Judg. 14:18); treading out grain (Jer. 50:11); unsubdued to the yoke an emblem of Judah (Isa. 15:5; Jer. 48:34).
Heb. parah (Gen. 41:2; Num. 19:2). Bearing the yoke (Hos. 4:16)…
(1 Samuel 6:7-12; Job 21:10; Isaiah 7:21) The heifer or young cow was not commonly used for ploughing, but only for treading out the corn. (Hosea 10:11) but see Judg 14:18 When it ran about without any headstall, (26:4) hence the expression an "unbroken heifer," (Hosea 4:16) Authorized Version "backsliding" to which Israel is compared.
Red heifers were to be offered in sacrifice for the national sins, in the impressive manner described in Nu 19:1-10, illustrating the true sacrifice for sin in the person of Christ, Heb 9:13,14. The well-fed heifer was a symbol of wanton wildness, Jer 46:20 50:11 Ho 4:16.
The Hebrew word עַ֫יִן (*'ayin*) means 'eye' and can refer to both the physical organ and its figurative uses, such as mental qualities and desires. It also denotes a 'spring' or 'fountain' of water. The entries highlight various phrases and contexts, including appearances and expressions of emotion, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עַ֫יִן 859 n.f. eye
lit. as physical organ
eyes as showing mental qualities
desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
Transferred mngs.:
visible surface of earth
appearance
gleam, sparkle
Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
base
עַ֫יִן n.f. spring (of water). Particular springs are:
ע׳ חֲרֹר Ju 7:1
ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Ju 15:19
ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus.
ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragon-spring)
base
H5869a עַ֫יִן eye . lit. as physical organ
. . eyes as showing mental qualities
. desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
. Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
. Transferred mngs.: . visible surface of earth
. appearance
. gleam, sparkle
. Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
H5869b עַ֫יִן spring (of water)
5869 `ayin ah'-yin
probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or
figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the
landscape):--affliction, outward appearance, + before, +
think best, colour, conceit, + be content, countenance, +
displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, + favour,
fountain, furrow (from the margin), X him, + humble,
knowledge, look, (+ well), X me, open(-ly), + (not) please,
presence, + regard, resemblance, sight, X thee, X them, +
think, X us, well, X you(-rselves).
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.
: eye
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain (Gate).
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain of.
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: seeing.
: seeing
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: appearance.
: appearance
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: before(the eyes).
: before(the_eyes)
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: sin.
: sin
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
Prep | N-cd | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine dual construct · suffixHR/Ncfdc/Sp3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
עוֹר (owr) means skin or hide, specifically referring to the skin of humans and the hides of animals. It is derived from a root that implies nakedness. The term appears frequently in the Old Testament, with 55 occurrences related to human skin and 44 to animal hides.
עוֹר 99 n.m. skin
of men (55 t.)
hide of animals (44 t.)
base
H5785 עוֹר skin . of men (55 t.)
. hide of men (44 t.)
5785 `owr ore
from 5783; skin (as naked); by implication, hide,
leather:--hide, leather, skin.
see HEBREW for 05783
עוֹר (or) — skin.
1) skin, hide
1a) skin (of men)
1b) hide (of animals)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3fs
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
בָּשָׂר (basar) means 'flesh' and encompasses various meanings, including the physical body, kinship, and a euphemism for male genitalia. It can refer to humans, animals, and all living things, highlighting the frailty of man in relation to God. The entries consistently emphasize its bodily and relational aspects.
בָּשָׂר 266 n.m. flesh
of the body
flesh for the body itself
male organ of generation (euphemism)
flesh for kindred, blood-relations
man over against God as frail or erring
base
H1320 בָּשָׂר flesh . of the body
. flesh for the body itself
. male organ of generation (euphemism)
. flesh for kindred, blood-relations
. man over against God as frail or erring
1320 basar baw-sawr'
from 1319; flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body,
person; also (by euphem.) the pudenda of a man:--body, (fat,
lean) flesh(-ed), kin, (man-)kind, + nakedness, self, skin.
see HEBREW for 01319
בָּשָׂר (ba.sar) — flesh.
1) flesh
1a) of the body
1a1) of humans
1a2) of animals
1b) the body itself
1c) male organ of generation (euphemism)
1d) kindred, blood-relations
1e) flesh as frail or erring (man against God)
1f) all living things
1g) animals
1h) mankind
Aramaic equivalent: be.shar (בְּשַׁר "flesh" H1321)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3fs
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
דָּם (dam) means 'blood' and refers to the blood of both humans and animals. It is often associated with death, particularly when shed, and can also figuratively denote the juice of grapes or bloodshed. The term carries religious significance and is used in various contexts, including references to guilt and innocence.
דָּם 300 n.m. blood
blood of man or animal
usually blood become visible
blood used with religious significance
fig. of wine
base
H1818 דָּם blood
1818 dam dawm
from 1826 (compare 119); blood (as that which when shed
causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of
the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed
(i.e. drops of blood):--blood(-y, -guiltiness, (-thirsty), +
innocent.
see HEBREW for 01826
see HEBREW for 0119
דָּם (dam) — blood.
1) blood
1a) of wine (fig.)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3fs
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
פֶּ֫רֶשׁ (peresh) refers to excrement, specifically fecal matter found in the intestines of a victim, as noted in the Brown-Driver-Briggs entry. The word is derived from another Hebrew term, indicating its connection to refuse or dung. The lexicons consistently describe it in this way, with no significant disagreements noted.
פֶּ֫רֶשׁ n.[m.] fæcal matter found in intestines of victim
base
H6569 פֶּ֫רֶשׁ fæcal matter found in intestines of victim
6569 peresh peh'-resh
from 6567; excrement (as eliminated):--dung.
see HEBREW for 06567
פֶּ֫רֶשׁ (pe.resh) — refuse.
faecal matter, dung, offal
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3fs
The Hebrew word שָׂרַף (*saraph*) is a primitive root meaning 'to burn.' It encompasses various forms, including Qal (to burn), Niphal (to be burned), Piel (burner), and Pual (to be burnt up). The entries suggest a focus on the act of burning and its implications, with no significant disagreements noted among the lexicons.
שָׂרַף 117 vb. burn
Qal burn
Niph. be burned
Pi. his burner, usu. one burning him, but prob. burning spices for him
Pu. it was burnt up (and gone).
base
H8313 שָׂרַף burn
8313 saraph saw-raf'
a primitive root; to be (causatively, set) on fire:--(cause
to, make a) burn((-ing), up) kindle, X utterly.
שָׂרַף (sa.raph) — to burn.
1) to burn
1a) (Qal) to burn
1b) (Niphal) to be burned
1c) (Piel) burner, burning (participle)
1d) (Pual) to be burnt up, be burned
Also means: sa.raph (סָרַף "to burn" H5635)
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms