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Proverbs 13:18 — Word Study

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WLCרֵ֣ישׁ וְ֭קָלוֹן פּוֹרֵ֣עַ מוּסָ֑ר וְשׁוֹמֵ֖ר תּוֹכַ֣חַת יְכֻבָּֽד׃

BSAPovertyrêysh [need, lack of material possessions] and shameqâlôwn [dishonor, feelings of disgrace] come to him who ignorespâraʻ [refuses, neglects] disciplinemûwçâr [correction, guidance] but whoever heedsshâmar [regards, obeys] correctiontôwkêchâh [rebuke, reproof] is honoredkâbad [glorified, respected]

Word
Listen & take awayProverbs 13
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 18 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ye.khu.Bad) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Proverbs 13:18quick helps
In a sentenceIgnoring discipline leads to poverty and shame, while heeding correction results in honor.
Who is speakingThe author of Proverbs, offering wisdom on the consequences of our actions.
Where we areIn a collection of sayings that contrast wise and foolish behavior.
The hard wordרֵ֣ישׁ
Take awayDisregarding guidance brings negative outcomes; valuing correction leads to respect.
5 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbפָּרַע The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Proverbs 13:18

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Wisdom in Proverbsgenerated

17A wicked messenger falls into trouble, but a faithful envoy brings healing.
18Poverty and shame come to him who ignores discipline, but whoever heeds correction is honored.
19Desire fulfilled is sweet to the soul, but turning from evil is detestable to fools.
20He who walks with the wise will become wise, but the companion of fools will be destroyed.

Proverbs 13:18 highlights the importance of discipline and correction in achieving honor. The surrounding verses emphasize the contrast between the outcomes of the wicked and the faithful, illustrating that ignoring guidance leads to negative consequences, while those who embrace correction are ultimately honored. This passage serves as a reminder of the value of wisdom and the need to heed instruction.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Proverbs 13:13He who despises instruction will pay the penalty, but the one who respects a command will be rewarded.
2Proverbs 5:9–14lest you concede your vigor to others, and your years to one who is cruel;
3Proverbs 12:1Whoever loves discipline loves knowledge, but he who hates correction is stupid.
4Proverbs 15:5–31A fool rejects his father’s discipline, but whoever heeds correction is prudent.
5Proverbs 19:6Many seek the favor of the prince, and everyone is a friend of the gift giver.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word רֵ֣ישׁ, reishgenerated

The word רֵישׁ (reish) means poverty or being poor, specifically in the context of lacking material possessions. It is a masculine singular noun and appears in various contexts throughout the Bible to describe those who are in need.

This term is often paired with shame, indicating a deeper social and personal consequence of neglecting discipline. The parsing as a noun highlights its role as a subject in the verse, emphasizing the state of being poor as a result of ignoring correction.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In this study, we examine the verse using the Berean Standard Bible as our base, which translates רֵישׁ as poverty.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb פּוֹרֵ֣עַ (po.Re.a') governs the entire verse, with two main clauses attached: one describing the consequences of ignoring discipline and the other detailing the outcomes for those who heed correction.

The structure emphasizes the contrast between the two actions: neglecting discipline leads to poverty and shame, while keeping correction results in honor.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates רֵישׁ as πενίαν (penian), which also means poverty. This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the focus on material lack.

The Greek term used for shame is ἀτιμίαν (atimian), which carries similar connotations of dishonor, aligning with the Hebrew context.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Proverbs 13:18 teaches that ignoring discipline leads to poverty and shame, while paying attention to correction brings honor. This highlights the importance of listening to guidance and learning from mistakes.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to ignore discipline?

Ignoring discipline means neglecting guidance or correction, which can lead to negative consequences like poverty and shame.

How can one heed correction?

Heeding correction involves actively listening to advice or reproof and applying it to one's life to improve behavior.

What are the consequences of ignoring correction?

The consequences include experiencing poverty and shame, as indicated in this verse.

What does it mean to be honored?

To be honored means to be respected or glorified, often as a result of wise choices and learning from correction.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I need to heed correction more closely?
  2. How can I cultivate a mindset that values discipline and guidance?
  3. What are some examples of how ignoring discipline has led to negative outcomes in my life?
  4. How can I encourage others to embrace correction and learn from their mistakes?

Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Proverbs 13:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Poverty and shame [shall be to] him that refuseth instruction,.... Of parents, masters, and ministers of the word; the instruction of wisdom, the instruction of the Gospel, in things relating to

Read John Gill on Proverbs 13 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Poverty and shame shall be to him that refuseth instruction: but he that regardeth reproof shall be honoured. Poverty and shame (shall be) to him that refuseth instruction - disciplinary instruction, correction.

Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 13 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Instruction; whereby he might have been kept from destructive and dishonourable courses. He that regardeth reproof, that considers it seriously, receiveth it kindly, and reformeth himself by it, shall be honoured, and enriched, which is implied from the former branch. Not that it is so always, but commonly, and when God sees it good for a man. Or if he do not always gain riches, he shall certainly have honour both from God and men.

Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 13 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Proverbs 13:18 Poverty and shame [shall be to] him that refuseth instruction: but he that regardeth reproof shall be honoured.Ver. 18. Poverty and shame.] These two are fitly set together; for poverty is usually slighted, if not shamed. “ Nil habet infelix paupertas durius in se Quam quod ridicules homines facit. ” The world looks over a poor though virtuous man. "This thy son"; not, This my brother. And why, but because in poverty? How much more an uncounsellable and incorrigible man, as here, and as that prodigal had been till he came to himself! But he that regardeth reproof shall be honoured.] Though not haply enriched, he shall be of good account with the wise and godly, though in…

Read John Trapp on Proverbs 13 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

18. Refuseth instruction — “Poverty and shame” shall be the condition of such as thus act.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 13 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Poverty and shame come to him who ignores discipline, but whoever heeds correction is honored.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Poverty and shame come to him who refuses discipline, but he who heeds correction shall be honored.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Poverty and shame come to him who ignores discipline, but whoever heeds correction is honored.

NETBNew English Translation2006

The one who neglects discipline ends up in poverty and shame, but the one who accepts reproof is honored.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Poverty and shame shall be to him that refuseth instruction: but he that regardeth reproof shall be honoured.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Poverty and shame shall be to him that refuseth correction; But he that regardeth reproof shall be honored.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Poverty and shame shall be to him that refuseth correction: but he that regardeth reproof shall be honoured.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Poverty and shame shall be to him that refuseth instruction: but he that regardeth reproof shall be honored.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Pouertie and shame is to him that refuseth instruction: but hee that regardeth correction, shalbe honoured.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Poverty and shame shall be [to] him that refuseth instruction; but he that regardeth reproof shall be honoured.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Whoso is refusing instruction — poverty and shame, And whoso is observing reproof is honoured.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Whoever is refusing instruction—poverty and shame, || And whoever is observing reproof is honored.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Poverty and disgrace will overtake him that rejecteth correction; but he that observeth admonition will be honored.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

The one who ignores instruction will have poverty and shame, but honor will come to him who learns from correction.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Poverty and shame to him that refuseth instruction: but he that yieldeth to reproof, shall be glorified.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Poverty and disgrace come to those who ignore instruction, but those who accept correction are honored.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Need and shame will be the fate of him who is uncontrolled by training; but he who takes note of teaching will be honoured.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausenoun phrase · subjectרֵ֣ישׁpovertyוְ֭andקָלוֹןshamenoun phrase · predicateclauseverbפּוֹרֵ֣עַ[one.who].ignoresobjectמוּסָ֑רdisciplineוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectclauseverbשׁוֹמֵ֖ר[one.who].keepsobjectתּוֹכַ֣חַתcorrectionverbיְכֻבָּֽדhe.is.honored

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of Proverbs 13:18, with both texts conveying the same core message about the consequences of ignoring discipline and the value of correction.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

רֵ֣ישׁ וְ֭קָלוֹן פּוֹרֵ֣עַ מוּסָ֑ר וְשׁוֹמֵ֖ר תּוֹכַ֣חַת יְכֻבָּֽד׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
רֵ֣ישׁπενίανוְ֭קָלוֹןἀτιμίανפּוֹרֵ֣עַἀφαιρεῖταιמוּסָ֑רπαιδείαוְשׁוֹמֵ֖רφυλάσσωνתּוֹכַ֣חַתἐλέγξουςיְכֻבָּֽד׃δοχασθήσεται

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Proverbs 13:18רֵישׁpovertypovertyרֵישׁקָלוֹןand shameand shameקָלוֹןפָּרַע[one who] i[one who] ignorפָּרַעמוּסָרdisciplinedisciplineמוּסָרשָׁמַרand [one whand [one who] kשָׁמַרתּוֹכֵחָהcorrectioncorrectionתּוֹכֵחָהכָּבֵדhe is honorhe is honoredכָּבֵדרוּשׁbe poorbe poorרוּשׁקָלָהto dishonoto dishonorקָלָהיָסַרto disciplto disciplineיָסַריָכַחto rebuketo rebukeיָכַחתּוֹכֵחָהrebukerebukeתּוֹכֵחָהמַחְסוֹרneedneedמַחְסוֹרמָגֵןshieldshieldמָגֵןחֶרְפָּהreproachreproachחֶרְפָּהכָּבוֹדglorygloryכָּבוֹדפָּרַםto tearto tearפָּרַםאֱוִילfool(ish)fool(ish)אֱוִילמִשְׁמֶ֫רֶתchargechargeמִשְׁמֶ֫רֶתמִצְוָהcommandmencommandmentמִצְוָהמוּסָרdisciplinedisciplineמוּסָרחֵמָהragerageחֵמָהעֹלyokeyokeעֹל
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 13:18

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

poverty and shame [one who] ignores discipline and [one who] keeps correction he is honored
רֵ֣ישׁreish poverty H7389 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means poverty or being poor. It is used in the Bible to describe someone who lacks material possessions. The KJV translates it as 'poverty'.
Amplified meaning
need, lack of material possessions
Tyndale gloss
poverty
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֵישׁ (reysh) and רִישׁ (rish) both mean 'poverty' and are considered variants of the same term. The entries indicate that this word is used in the context of poverty, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meaning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רִישׁ, רֵישׁ, רֵאשׁ n.m. poverty, only Pr

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7389a רֵישׁ, רֵאשׁ poverty H7389b רִישׁ poverty

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7389 reysh raysh

or resh {raysh}; or riysh {reesh}; from 7326;

poverty:--poverty.

see HEBREW for 07326

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֵישׁ (resh) — poverty.

poverty

Also means: rish (רִישׁ "poverty" H7389B)

רִישׁ (rish) — poverty.

poverty

Another spelling of resh (רֵישׁ "poverty" H7389A)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

pov'-er-ti:

1. Old Testament References:

This word, found but once in the Old Testament (Ge 45:11) outside of the Book of Proverbs in which it occurs 11 times (6:11; 10:15; 11:24 the King James Version; 13:18; 20:13; 23:21; 24:34; 28:19,22 the King James Version; 30:8; 31:7), is a translation of yiwaresh, "to be poor," "to come to poverty" (Ge 45:11). Four different Hebrew words are used in the 11 references in Prov, all bearing the idea of being in need of the necessities of life, although a distinction is made between being in want and being in extreme want. Pr 18:23 well illustrates the general meaning of "poverty" as found in this book: "The poor (rush, "to be impoverished," "destitute") useth entreaties; but the rich…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Pr 6:11; 10:15; 15:16; 16:8; Ec 4:6; Pr 20:13; 23:21; 24:33,34; 28:19; 30:8,9

→ See POOR, THE

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
poverty and shame [one who] ignores discipline and [one who] keeps correction he is honored
וְ֭קָלוֹןVe.ka.lon and shame H7036 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
17× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to feelings of shame or dishonor, like when someone does something wrong. It is used in Proverbs to describe the shame of foolish behavior. The Bible teaches that God can restore honor to those who repent.
Amplified meaning
dishonor, feelings of disgrace
Tyndale gloss
dishonor
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָלוֹן (qalown) refers to concepts of dishonor and shame, encompassing personal disgrace and national ignominy. It is derived from the root meaning associated with disgrace. The entries consistently highlight its negative connotations related to reputation and honor.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָלוֹן n.m. ignominy, dishonour

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7036 קָלוֹן ignominy, dishonour

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7036 qalown kaw-lone'

from 7034; disgrace; (by implication) the pudenda:--

confusion, dishonour, ignominy, reproach, shame.

see HEBREW for 07034

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָלוֹן (qa.lon) — dishonor.

1) shame, disgrace, dishonour, ignominy

1a) ignominy (of nation)

1b) dishonour, disgrace (personal)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sham (bosh, "to be ashamed," bosheth, "shame," qalon; aischune, "ignominy," atimia, "dishonor," and other words): An oft-recurring word in Scripture almost uniformly bound up with a sense of sin and guilt. It is figuratively set forth as a wild beast (Jer 3:24), a Nessus-garment (Jer 3:25), a blight (Jer 20:18), a sin against one's own soul (Hab 2:10), and twice as the condensed symbol of Hebrew abomination--Baal (Jer 11:13 margin; Ho 9:10 margin; see ISH-BOSHETH). It is bracketed with defeat (Isa 30:3), reproach…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Jesus ashamed of those who deny him Mr 8:38; Lu 9:26

→ Of Adam and Eve Ge 3:10

→ Destitute of, the Israelites when they worshiped the golden calf Ex 32:25

→ The unjust Zep 3:5

→ Of the cross Heb 12:2

poverty and shame [one who] ignores discipline and [one who] keeps correction he is honored
פּוֹרֵ֣עַpo.Re.a' [one who] ignores H6544 Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To neglect or let something go is the meaning of this word, which can also imply exposing or dismissing something. In the Bible, it is used to describe turning away from God or neglecting responsibilities.
Amplified meaning
refuses, neglects
Tyndale gloss
to lead
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּרַע (para') is a Hebrew verb that primarily means to let go or neglect, with implications of loosening or exposing. It can also denote acting as a leader, as noted in Judges 5:2. The entries suggest a range of meanings from allowing freedom to causing a lack of restraint, with some lexicons emphasizing leadership and others focusing on neglect.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּרַע] vb. denom. act as leader, lead(?);—only Ju 5:2

ref

פָּרַע vb. let go, let alone

Qal

let go, let loose, people, i.e. remove restraint from them

let alone = avoid; = neglect; = refrain

Niph. the people is let loose, lacks restraint.

Hiph.

cause people to refrain

shew lack of restraint

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6544a פָּרַע vb. denom. act as leader, lead(?) H6544b פָּרַע let go, let alone

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6544 para` paw-rah'

a primitive root; to loosen; by implication, to expose,

dismiss; figuratively, absolve, begin:--avenge, avoid, bare,

go back, let, (make) naked, set at nought, perish, refuse,

uncover.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּרַע (pa.ra) — to lead.

to lead, act as leader

פָּרַע (pa.ra) — to neglect.

1) to let go, let loose, ignore, let alone

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to let go, let loose

1a2) to let alone, avoid, neglect

1a3) to loosen

1b) (Niphal) to be let loose, be loosened of restraint

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to cause to refrain

1c2) to show lack of restraint

1c3) to let loose restraints

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
HVqrmsa
poverty and shame [one who] ignores discipline and [one who] keeps correction he is honored
מוּסָ֑רmu.Sar discipline H4148 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
50× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew term means discipline or correction, often used to describe God's guidance. In Psalm 50:17, it warns against rejecting God's discipline, while in Proverbs 1:7, it emphasizes the importance of discipline in gaining wisdom. It involves learning from mistakes.
Amplified meaning
correction, guidance
Tyndale gloss
discipline
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוּסָר (mūsar) refers to discipline, chastening, and correction, particularly of a moral nature. It encompasses concepts like reproof, warning, and instruction, and can also imply restraint or bonds. The entries consistently highlight its focus on moral and instructional aspects, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוּסָר n.m. discipline (of the moral nature), chastening, correction

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4148 מוּסָר discipline (of the moral nature), chastening, correction

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4148 muwcar moo-sawr'

from 3256; properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof,

warning or instruction; also restraint:--bond, chastening

((-eth)), chastisement, check, correction, discipline,

doctrine, instruction, rebuke.

see HEBREW for 03256

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוּסָר (mu.sar) — discipline.

: discipline/punishment

1) discipline, chastening, correction

1a) discipline, correction

1b) chastening

מוּסָר (mu.sar) — discipline: instruction.

: instruction

1) discipline, chastening, correction

1a) discipline, correction

1b) chastening

מוּסָר (mu.sar) — discipline: bonds.

: bonds/noose

1) discipline, chastening, correction

1a) discipline, correction

1b) chastening

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

dis'-i-plin (mucar): In the King James Version only in Job 36:10, where it refers to moral discipline, the strenuous cultivation of the righteous life; the Revised Version (British and American) "instruction." the Revised Version (British and American) in 2Ti 1:7 has "discipline" for a Greek word (sophronismos) meaning "sobering"; in 2Ti 3:16 margin, for Greek paideia, "instruction." In classic Greek paideia means "education," mental culture. Through the influence of the Septuagint, which translates the Hebrew mucar by paideia, the meaning of "chastisement" accompanies paideia in the New Testament. Compare Heb 12:5,7,8,11.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Of armies, for disobedience of orders Jos 7:10-26; Jud 21:5-12

→ See ARMIES

→ CHURCH DISCIPLINE

See CHURCH, DISCIPLINE IN

poverty and shame [one who] ignores discipline and [one who] keeps correction he is honored
וְשׁוֹמֵ֖רve.sho.Mer and [one who] keeps H8104 Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine singular
469× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To keep or obey means to protect, attend to, or guard something, like keeping a promise or watching over someone, as seen in the commands to observe the Sabbath.
Amplified meaning
regards, obeys
Tyndale gloss
to keep: obey
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׁמַר (*shamar*) is a primitive root meaning to keep, guard, or observe. It encompasses a wide range of actions including protecting, waiting for, and celebrating obligations like the Sabbath. The verb appears in various forms, indicating nuances such as being on guard or refraining from certain actions. It is used extensively in the Old Testament, reflecting both physical and moral vigilance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁמַר 465 vb. keep, watch, preserve

Qal 425

keep, have charge of

keep, guard, captives

hence, watch for, wait for

watch, observe

keep, retain, of storing up (food)

keep within bounds, restrain

observe, celebrate

keep sabbath

of other obligations

observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom)

sts. י׳ subj.

keep, reserve, weeks of harvest

Niph.

36be on one's guard

keep oneself, refrain, abstain

be kept, guarded

Pi. those paying regard to false vanities

Hithp. I kept myself from

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8104 שָׁמַר keep, watch, preserve .. . keep, have charge of

. keep, guard, captives

. hence, watch for, wait for

. watch, observe

. . keep, retain, of storing up (food)

. keep within bounds, restrain

. . observe, celebrate

. keep sabbath

. of other obligations

. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom)

. sts. י׳ subj.

. keep, reserve, weeks of harvest

. . be on one's guard

. keep oneself, refrain, abstain

. be kept, guarded

. those paying regard to false vanities

. I kept myself from

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8104 shamar shaw-mar'

a primitive root; properly, to hedge about (as with thorns),

i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.:--beward,

be circumspect, take heed (to self), keep(-er, self), mark,

look narrowly, observe, preserve, regard, reserve, save

(self), sure, (that lay) wait (for), watch(-man).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁמַר (sha.mar) — to keep: obey.

: obey/observe

1) to keep, guard, observe, give heed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to keep, have charge of

1a2) to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life

1a2a) watch, watchman (participle)

1a3) to watch for, wait for

1a4) to watch, observe

1a5) to keep, retain, treasure up (in memory)

1a6) to keep (within bounds), restrain

1a7) to observe, celebrate, keep (sabbath or covenant or commands), perform (vow)

1a8) to keep, preserve, protect

1a9) to keep, reserve

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be on one's guard, take heed, take care, beware

1b2) to keep oneself, refrain, abstain

1b3) to be kept, be guarded

1c) (Piel) to keep, pay heed

1d) (Hithpael) to keep oneself from

שָׁמַר (sha.mar) — to keep: guard.

: guard

1) to keep, guard, observe, give heed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to keep, have charge of

1a2) to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life

1a2a) watch, watchman (participle)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal — Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine singular
HC/Vqrmsa
poverty and shame [one who] ignores discipline and [one who] keeps correction he is honored
תּוֹכַ֣חַתto.Kha.chat correction H8433 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
28× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means argument, correction, or reproof, often referring to a verbal rebuke or chastisement. It involves reasoning or proof to make a point or correct someone.
Amplified meaning
rebuke, reproof
Tyndale gloss
rebuke
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תּוֹכֵחָה (towkechah) refers to rebuke or correction, while תּוֹכַ֫חַת (towkachath) pertains to argument or reproof. Both terms involve verbal expressions of correction or chastisement. The entries emphasize their use in contexts of correction and reasoning, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תּוֹכֵחָה n.f. rebuke, correction

base

תּוֹכַ֫חַת n.f. argument, reproof

argument, impeachment, spoken by lips and mouth

reproof, chiding

correction, rebuke

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8433a תּוֹכֵחָה rebuke, correction H8433b תּוֹכַ֫חַת argument, reproof . argument, impeachment, spoken by lips and mouth

. reproof, chiding

. correction, rebuke

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8433 towkechah to-kay-khaw'

and towkachath {to-kakh'-ath}; from 3198; chastisement;

figuratively (by words) correction, refutation, proof (even in

defence):--argument, X chastened, correction, reasoning,

rebuke, reproof, X be (often) reproved.

see HEBREW for 03198

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תּוֹכֵחָה (to.khe.chah) — rebuke.

rebuke, correction, punishment, chastisement

תּוֹכַ֫חַת (to.kha.chat) — argument.

1) argument, reproof

1a) argument, impeachment

1b) reproof, chiding

1c) correction, rebuke

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ko-rek'-shun (mucar, usually rendered "instruction," is translated "correction" in several passages): The verb from which the noun is derived signifies "to instruct" or "chastise." The idea of chastisement was very closely connected in the Hebrew mind with that of pedagogy. See CHASTISEMENT. the Revised Version (British and American) and the American Standard Revised Version have changed "correction" of the King James Version to "instruction" in Jer 7:28, reversing the order in the margins. shebheT, rendered "rod" in Job 21:9, is unnecessarily changed to "correction" in 37:13. In 2Ti 3:16, epanorthosis, is translated "correction." The difference between correction, discipline and instruction Was not clearly drawn in the Hebrew…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See AFFLICTION, DESIGN OF

→ See CHASTISEMENT

→ See CHILDREN, CORRECTION OF

→ See PARENTS

→ See PUNISHMENT

→ See SCOURGING

poverty and shame [one who] ignores discipline and [one who] keeps correction he is honored
יְכֻבָּֽד׃ye.khu.Bad he is honored H3513 Verb · Pual · imperfect third person masculine singular
113× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word can mean to honor or make something weighty, like when God is glorified in Psalm 138, or to be heavy with burdens, as the Israelites were in Exodus 18.
Amplified meaning
glorified, respected
Tyndale gloss
to honor: honour
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word כָּבֵד (kabad) is built from a primitive root meaning 'to be heavy.' It covers a range of meanings, including being burdensome, weighty, or honorable. The word can describe both a negative sense of heaviness or dullness and a positive sense of honor or glory. It appears in various forms, such as making oneself heavy or being made honorable.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כָּבֵד vb. be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured

Qal

be heavy, in weight

heavy, insensible, dull

be honoured

Niph.

pass.

be made heavy fr. abundance

be honoured, enjoy honour, of man

medial, get oneself glory (or honour), of God

Pi.

make heavy, insensible

make honourable, honour, glorify, usu. c. human subj.

Pu. be made honourable, honoured

Hiph.

make heavy

make heavy, dull, unresponsive, the ears

cause to be honoured

Hithp.

make oneself heavy, dense, numerous

honour oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3513 כָּבֵד be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured .. be heavy, in weight

. heavy, insensible, dull

. be honoured

. . pass. . be made heavy fr. abundance

. be honoured, enjoy honour, of man

. medial, get oneself glory (or honour), of God

. . make heavy, insensible

. make honourable, honour, glorify, usu. c. human subj.

. be made honourable, honoured

. . make heavy

. make heavy, dull, unresponsive, the ears

. cause to be honoured

. . make oneself heavy, dense, numerous

. honour oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3513 kabad kaw-bad'

or kabed {kaw-bade'}; a primitive root; to be heavy, i.e. in

a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense

(numerous, rich, honorable; causatively, to make weighty (in

the same two senses):--abounding with, more grievously

afflict, boast, be chargeable, X be dim, glorify, be (make)

glorious (things), glory, (very) great, be grievous, harden,

be (make) heavy, be heavier, lay heavily, (bring to, come to,

do, get, be had in) honour (self), (be) honourable (man),

lade, X more be laid, make self many, nobles, prevail, promote

(to honour), be rich, be (go) sore, stop.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּבֵד (ka.vad) — to honor: honour.

: honour/glory

1) to be heavy, be weighty, be grievous, be hard, be rich, be honourable, be glorious, be burdensome, be honoured

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be heavy

1a2) to be heavy, be insensible, be dull

1a3) to be honoured

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be made heavy, be honoured, enjoy honour, be made abundant

1b2) to get oneself glory or honour, gain glory

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to make heavy, make dull, make insensible

1c2) to make honourable, honour, glorify

1d) (Pual) to be made honourable, be honoured

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to make heavy

1e2) to make heavy, make dull, make unresponsive

1e3) to cause to be honoured

1f) (Hithpael)

1f1) to make oneself heavy, make oneself dense, make oneself numerous

1f2) to honour oneself

כָּבֵד (ka.vad) — to honor: heavy.

: heavy/severe

1) to be heavy, be weighty, be grievous, be hard, be rich, be honourable, be glorious, be burdensome, be honoured

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Pual-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Pual · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVPi3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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