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Psalms 112:4 — Word Study

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WLCזָ֘רַ֤ח בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ א֭וֹר לַיְשָׁרִ֑ים חַנּ֖וּן וְרַח֣וּם וְצַדִּֽיק׃

BSALightʼôwr [shines, arises] dawnszârach in the darknesschôshek [misery, spiritual gloom] for the uprightyâshâr [straight, just, righteous] for the graciouschannûwn [merciful, kind] compassionaterachûwm [merciful, sympathetic, full of pity] and righteoustsaddîyq [just, made right with God, having God's nature]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 112
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 4 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ve.tza.Dik) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 112:4quick helps
In a sentenceLight shines in the darkness for those who are upright and possess God's qualities.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, reflecting on the nature of the righteous.
Where we areIn a section that describes the blessings of the righteous.
The hard wordזָרַח
Take awayGod's light breaks through darkness for those who live rightly.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectאוֹר verbזָרַח The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 112:4

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Blessings of the Righteousgenerated

3Wealth and riches are in his house, and his righteousness endures forever.
4Light dawns in the darkness for the upright— for the gracious, compassionate, and righteous.
5It is well with the man who is generous and lends freely, whose affairs are guided by justice.
6Surely he will never be shaken; the righteous man will be remembered forever.

Psalms 112:4 describes how light emerges from darkness for the upright, emphasizing the divine favor upon those who embody graciousness, compassion, and righteousness. This verse is part of a larger passage that highlights the blessings and stability of the righteous, contrasting their fate with that of the wicked.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 37:6He will bring forth your righteousness like the dawn, your justice like the noonday sun.
2Psalm 97:11Light shines on the righteous, gladness on the upright in heart.
3Job 11:17Your life will be brighter than noonday; its darkness will be like the morning.
4Isaiah 50:10Who among you fears the LORD and obeys the voice of His Servant? Who among you walks in darkness and has no light? Let him trust in the name of the LORD; let him lean on his God.
5Isaiah 58:10and if you give yourself to the hungry and satisfy the afflicted soul, then your light will go forth in the darkness, and your night will be like noonday.

The Key Word זָרַח, za.Rachgenerated

The verb זָרַח (zarach) means to rise or shine, often associated with the sun's emergence. It conveys the idea of light breaking forth, symbolizing hope and divine presence in times of darkness.

In this verse, it signifies God's intervention and illumination for those who are upright, suggesting that their moral integrity allows them to experience divine light even amidst challenges.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses dawns to convey the idea of light emerging from darkness.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb זָרַח (it rises) governs the entire verse, with two prepositional phrases indicating where the light shines and for whom it shines. The structure emphasizes the action of rising light in relation to the upright.

The word order places focus on the light as the subject, followed by the conditions of darkness and the characteristics of the upright, illustrating a clear cause-and-effect relationship.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, זָרַח is rendered as ἐχανέτειλεν (echaneteilen), which conveys a sense of light breaking forth. This choice emphasizes the transformative power of light in the context of darkness.

The Greek term σκότει for בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ reflects a similar understanding of darkness, reinforcing the contrast between light and dark in this passage.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalms 112:4 tells us that light shines in the darkness for those who are upright, gracious, compassionate, and righteous. This verse highlights how God supports and blesses those who live according to His ways, bringing hope even in difficult times.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that light dawns in the darkness?

It signifies that God brings hope and clarity to those who are righteous, even when they face difficult or dark situations.

Who are the upright mentioned in this verse?

The upright are those who live justly and righteously, embodying God's characteristics of grace and compassion.

How does this verse relate to the overall message of Psalms 112?

This verse encapsulates the theme of divine blessing upon the righteous, illustrating how their moral integrity leads to God's favor and light in their lives.

What qualities are highlighted for the righteous in this verse?

The verse highlights graciousness, compassion, and righteousness as key attributes of those who receive God's light.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I experienced God's light in my own dark times?
  2. How can I cultivate the qualities of graciousness and compassion in my life?
  3. What does it mean to be upright in my daily actions and decisions?
  4. How can I share the light of hope with others who are facing darkness?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Augustine of Hippo quotes this verse to illustrate the blessings that come to the righteous, emphasizing the light that arises in their lives.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 112 354–430
"Unto the right-hearted there arises up light in the darkness" [Psalms 112:4].
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 112 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 112:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness,.... Upright ones are sometimes in the darkness of affliction, under divine desertions, without spiritual joy, and in an uncomfortable condition;

Read John Gill on Psalms 112 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness: he is gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 112 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness; and although he is subject to the troubles and calamities of this life, as others are, yet God will give him support and comfort in them, and a happy issue out of them, whereas the wicked sink under their burdens, and their present miseries usher in their eternal destruction. He; either, 1. God. And so this is added as a reason why God causeth light to shine to the upright out of darkness, because the Lord is gracious, &c. Or rather, 2. The good or upright man, of whom he speaks both in the foregoing and following words. So this is either, 1. A reason why God dealeth thus with good men; it is not from a partial and fond affection to…

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 112 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 112:4 Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness: [he is] gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous.Ver. 4. Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness] i.e. Joy in tribulation, as did unto the martyrs, plenty in penury, as "having nothing, and yet possessing all things," 2 Corinthians 6:10. If they have not an external affluence, yet they have an internal influence of grace and comfort, which is far better and sweeter, 1 Timothy 6:6. Some render the words thus, He who is gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous (i.e. God), causeth light to arise in darkness upon the upright; who also is, according to his measure, and by participation from God…

Read John Trapp on Psalms 112 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(4) Ariseth . . .—The Hebrew verb is commonly used of the sunrise. (Comp. Psalms 97:11; Isaiah 58:8.) For the good man the darkest night of trouble and sorrow will have a dawn of hope. He is gracious . . .—The Authorised Version is right in making this a description of the upright man’s character. The construction certainly at first appears strange, since “the upright” is in the plural, while the epithets in this clause resume the singular of Psa 112:3. This may be best explained by treating the first clause of this verse as a familiar proverbial saying, which the poet introduces, as a quotation, without changing the number to suit his own construction.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 112 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 4. There ariseth light in the darkness] The upright are always happy; and when tribulations come, God lifts up the light of his countenance upon him, and causes all occurences to work together for his good. He is gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous.] He enjoys the favour of God; that grace makes him compassionate; and in the general tenor of his conduct he is righteous. From these principles he shows favour (Psalms 112:5) to him that needs it; that is, to the real poor he gives of his substance; and others he obliges by lending, they not being utterly in want, but standing in need only of a little present help. But he takes heed to whom he gives and to whom he lends; that…

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 112 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

4. It is possible to understand this verse of Jehovah, He ariseth as a light in the darkness to the upright, being gracious, &c. But it seems clear from the general tenor of the Psalm that the epithets applied to God in Psalms 111:4 are here applied to the godly man. Cp. Matthew 5:48; Luke 6:36[71]. The verse may be rendered [71] The LXX here has ἐλεήμωνκαὶοἰκτίρμων, the words used in Matthew 5:7, Luke 6:36 : cp. Hebrews 2:17; James 5:11.There ariseth a light in the darkness for the upright, (For him that is) gracious, compassionate, and righteous. Cp. Psalms 97:11; and the striking parallel in Isaiah 58:10, where the dawn of prosperity after the night of trouble is promised as the reward…

Read Cambridge on Psalms 112 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Unto the upright - The just; the pious; the man who fears God.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 112 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Light dawns in the darkness for the upright— for the gracious, compassionate, and righteous.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Light dawns in the darkness for the upright, gracious, merciful, and righteous.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Light dawns in the darkness for the upright—for the gracious, compassionate, and righteous.

NETBNew English Translation2006

In the darkness a light shines for the godly, for each one who is merciful, compassionate, and just.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness: he is gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness: He is gracious, and merciful, and righteous.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness: he is gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

To the upright there ariseth light in darkness: he is gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Vnto the righteous ariseth light in darkenes: he is merciful and full of copassion and righteous.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness; he is gracious, and merciful, and righteous.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Light hath risen in darkness to the upright, Gracious, and merciful, and righteous.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Light has risen in darkness to the upright, || Gracious, and merciful, and righteous.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

There ariseth in the darkness a light to the upright: he is gracious, and merciful, and righteous.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Light shines in the darkness for the godly person; he is gracious, merciful, and just.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The Lord is high above all nations; and his glory above the heavens.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Light shines in the darkness for those who live right, for those who are gracious, compassionate, and good.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

For the upright there is a light shining in the dark; he is full of grace and pity.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbזָ֘רַ֤חit.risesprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּinnoun phrasetheחֹ֣שֶׁךְdarknesssubjectא֭וֹרlightprepositional phrase · prepositionalלַfornoun phrasethe.uprightיְשָׁרִ֑ים[people]clauseadjective phrase · predicateחַנּ֖וּן[he.is].graciousוְandרַח֣וּםcompassionateוְandצַדִּֽיקrighteous

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text aligns with the Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls, confirming the integrity of the verse. The scrolls show some restoration but maintain the same essential wording, indicating a consistent transmission of this text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

זָ֘רַ֤ח בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ א֭וֹר לַיְשָׁרִ֑ים חַנּ֖וּן וְרַח֣וּם וְצַדִּֽיק׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
זָ֘רַ֤חἐχανέτειλενבַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְσκότειא֭וֹרφῶςלַיְשָׁרִ֑יםεὐθέσινחַנּ֖וּןἐλεήμωνוְרַח֣וּםοἰκτίρμωνוְצַדִּֽיק׃δίκαιος

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q84a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

זרח בחשך אור לישרים חנון ורחום וצדיק

6 words on the leather — 1 partly restored.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q98fa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[זרח] [בחשך] [אור] [לישרים] [חנון] [ורחום] [וצדיק]

nothing on the leather here — 7 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 112:4זָרַחit risesit risesזָרַחחֹ֫שֶׁךְin the darkin the darknessחֹ֫שֶׁךְאוֹרlightlightאוֹריָשָׁרfor the uprfor the uprightיָשָׁרחַנּוּן[the] graci[the] graciousחַנּוּןרַחוּםand [the] cand [the] compaרַחוּםצַדִּיקand [the] rand [the] rightצַדִּיקחָשַׁךְto darkento darkenחָשַׁךְאוֹרto lightto lightאוֹריָשַׁרto smoothto smoothיָשַׁרחָנַןbe gracioube graciousחָנַןרָחַםto have coto have compassרָחַםצָדֵקto justifyto justifyצָדֵקאָרֵךְslowslowאָרֵךְשֶׁ֫מֶשׁsunsunשֶׁ֫מֶשׁשָׁכַםto riseto riseשָׁכַםאֲפֵלָהdarknessdarknessאֲפֵלָהצַלְמָ֫וֶתshadowshadowצַלְמָ֫וֶתחֹ֫שֶׁךְdarknessdarknessחֹ֫שֶׁךְיָרֵחַmoonmoonיָרֵחַצַדִּיקrighteousrighteousצַדִּיקעַ֫יִןeyeeyeעַ֫יִןרַחוּםcompassioncompassionateרַחוּםחַנּוּןgraciousgraciousחַנּוּןרָשָׁעwickedwickedרָשָׁע
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 112:4

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

it rises in the darkness light for the upright [people] [the] gracious and [the] compassionate and [the] righteous
זָ֘רַ֤חza.Rach it rises H2224 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
18× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to rise or shine, like the sun coming up. It's used in the Bible to describe the sun rising or a symptom appearing. In the KJV, it's translated as 'arise' or 'rise up'.
Tyndale gloss
to rise
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זָרַח (zarach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rise or come forth. It conveys the idea of something breaking out or shining, often associated with the rising of the sun. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including the appearance of symptoms in leprosy.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זָרַח vb. rise, come forth

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2224 זָרַח rise, come forth

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2224 zarach zaw-rakh'

a primitive root; properly, to irradiate (or shoot forth

beams), i.e. to rise (as the sun); specifically, to appear (as

a symptom of leprosy):--arise, rise (up), as soon as it is up.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זָרַח (za.rach) — to rise.

1) to rise, come forth, break out, arise, rise up, shine

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to rise

1a2) to come out, appear

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
it rises in the darkness light for the upright [people] [the] gracious and [the] compassionate and [the] righteous
בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְba.Cho.shekh in the darkness H2822 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
80× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to darkness, both physical and spiritual. It can also mean misery, destruction, or wickedness. In the Bible, it is often used to describe a state of being without light or hope.
Amplified meaning
misery, spiritual gloom
Tyndale gloss
darkness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֹ֫שֶׁךְ (choshek) refers to darkness or obscurity, both in a literal sense and in various figurative contexts such as distress, ignorance, and evil. It can also denote secret or hiding places. The word is built from a root meaning 'dark' and encompasses a range of meanings related to judgment and confusion.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֹ֫שֶׁךְ n.m. darkness, obscurity

darkness (opp. אוֹר)

= secret place(s); = hiding-place

fig.

= distress

= dread, terror, symbol. of judgment

= mourning

= perplexity; confusion

= ignorance

= evil, sin

= obscurity

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2822 חֹ֫שֶׁךְ darkness, obscurity . darkness (opp. אוֹר)

. = secret place(s); = hiding-place

. fig. . = distress

. = dread, terror, symbol. of judgment

. = mourning

. = perplexity; confusion

. = ignorance

. = evil, sin

. = obscurity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2822 choshek kho-shek'

from 2821; the dark; hence (literally) darkness;

figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow,

wickedness:--dark(-ness), night, obscurity.

see HEBREW for 02821

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֹ֫שֶׁךְ (cho.shekh) — darkness.

1) darkness, obscurity

1a) darkness

1b) secret place

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Darkness

The plague (the ninth) of darkness in Egypt (Ex. 10:21) is described as darkness “which may be felt.” It covered “all the land of Egypt,” so that “they saw not one another.” It did not extend to the land of Goshen (ver. 23).

When Jesus hung upon the cross (Matt. 27:45; Luke 23:44), from the “sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.”

On Mount Sinai, Moses (Ex. 20:21) “drew near unto the thick darkness where God was.” This was the “thick cloud upon the mount” in which Jehovah was when he spake unto Moses there. The Lord dwelt in the cloud upon the mercy-seat (1 Kings…

is spoken of as encompassing the actual presence of God, as that out of which he speaks, --the envelope, as it were, of divine glory. (Exodus 20:21; 1 Kings 8:12) The plague of darkness in Egypt was miraculous. The darkness "over all the land," (Matthew 27:45) attending the crucifixion has been attributed to an eclipse, but was undoubtedly miraculous, as no eclipse of the sun could have taken place at that time, the moon being at the full at the time of the passover. Darkness is also, as in the expression "land of darkness," used for the state of the dead, (Job 10:21,22) and frequently, figuratively, for ignorance and unbelief, as the privation of spiritual light. (

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The absence of natural light, Ge 1:2, and hence figuratively a state of misery and adversity, Job 18:6 Ps 107:10 Isa 8:22 9:1; also the absence of the sun and stars, and hence the fall of chief men and national convulsions, Isa 13:10 Ac 2:20. "Works of darkness," are the impure mysteries practiced in heathen worship, Eph 5:11. "Outer darkness" illustrates the gloom of those on whom the gates of heaven are closed, Mt 8:12. The darkness in Egypt,

→ Over the face of the earth Ge 1:2; Job 38:9; Jer 4:23

→ Called NIGHT Ge 1:5

→ God creates Isa 45:7

→ Miraculous

In Egypt Ex 10:21,22; Ps 105:28

At Mount Sinai Ex 20:21; Heb 12:18

At the crucifixion Mt 27:45; Mr 15:33

→ FIGURATIVE

it rises in the darkness light for the upright [people] [the] gracious and [the] compassionate and [the] righteous
א֭וֹר'or light H216 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
121× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Light, including natural light from the sun or stars, and also spiritual light from God. It can refer to happiness, prosperity, or understanding. In the Bible, God is often described as the source of light and life.
Amplified meaning
shines, arises
Tyndale gloss
light
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אוֹר (or) means 'light' and encompasses various forms of illumination, including daylight, dawn, and the light of heavenly bodies like the sun and stars. It can also refer to metaphorical concepts such as the light of life, prosperity, and instruction, as well as Yahweh as a source of light.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אוֹר 121 n.m. light

light as diffused in nature, light of day

morning light, dawn

light of the heavenly luminaries

daylight

lightning

light of lamp

light of life

light of prosperity

light of instruction

light of face

Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H216 אוֹר light . light as diffused in nature, light of day

. morning light, dawn

. light of the heavenly luminaries

. daylight

. lightning

. light of lamp

. light of life

. light of prosperity

. light of instruction

. light of face

. Yahweh

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

216 'owr ore

from 215; illumination or (concrete) luminary (in every

sense, including lightning, happiness, etc.):--bright, clear,

+ day, light (-ning), morning, sun.

see HEBREW for 0215

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אוֹר (or) — light.

1) light

1a) light of day

1b) light of heavenly luminaries (moon, sun, stars)

1c) day-break, dawn, morning light

1d) daylight

1e) lightning

1f) light of lamp

1g) light of life

1h) light of prosperity

1i) light of instruction

1j) light of face (fig.)

1k) Jehovah as Israel's light

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

lit ('or, ma'or; phos; many other words):

1. Origin of Light

2. A Comprehensive Term

(1) Natural Light

(2) Artificial Light

(3) Miraculous Light

(4) Mental, Moral, Spiritual Light

3. An Attribute of Holiness

(1) God

(2) Christ

(3) Christians

(4) The Church

4. Symbolism

5. Expressive Terms

1. Origin of Light:

The creation of light was the initial step in the creation of life. "Let there be light" (Ge 1:3) was the first word of God spoken after His creative Spirit "moved" upon the primary material out of which He created the heavens and the earth, and which lay, until the utterance of that word, in the chaos of darkness and desolation. Something akin, possibly, to the all-pervasive electro-magnetic activity of the aurora borealis penetrated the chaotic night of the world. The ultimate focusing of light (on the 4th day of creation,

Light

The offspring of the divine command (Gen. 1:3). “All the more joyous emotions of the mind, all the pleasing sensations of the frame, all the happy hours of domestic intercourse were habitually described among the Hebrews under imagery derived from light” (1 Kings 11:36; Isa. 58:8; Esther 8:16; Ps. 97:11). Light came also naturally to typify true religion and the felicity it imparts (Ps. 119:105; Isa. 8:20; Matt. 4:16, etc.), and the glorious inheritance…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

One of the most wonderful, cheering, and useful of all the works of God; called into being on the first of the six days of creation, by his voice: "Let there be light;" and there was light. No object better illustrates whatever is pure, glorious, spiritual, joyful, and beneficent. Hence the beauty and force of the expressions, "God is light," 1Jo 1:5, and "the Father of lights," Jas 1:17; Christ is the "Sun of righteousness," and "the light of the world," Joh 1:9 8:12. So also the word of God is "a light," Ps 119:105; truth and Christians are lights, Joh 3:19 12:36; prosperity is "light," Es 8:16; and heaven is full of…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Created Ge 1:3-5; Isa 45:7; 2Co 4:6

→ Miraculous Mt 17:2; Ac 9:3

→ FIGURATIVE AND SYMBOLICAL 1Ki 11:36; Ps 27:1; 119:105,130; Pr 6:23; Ec 2:13; Isa 8:20; 49:6; 58:8; 60:19,20; Mt 4:16; 5:14,16; Lu 2:32; 11:34; 16:8;

it rises in the darkness light for the upright [people] [the] gracious and [the] compassionate and [the] righteous
לַיְשָׁרִ֑יםlay.sha.Rim for the upright [people] H3477 Preposition
119× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jashar refers to being straight or just, like doing what is convenient and right. A man named Jashar lived before Israel's monarchy, as mentioned in Joshua 10:13. He wrote a book of poetry and songs, now lost.
Amplified meaning
straight, just, righteous
Tyndale gloss
Jashar
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָשָׁר (yashar) means straight or upright, covering a range of meanings from physical straightness to moral correctness. It can refer to something that is pleasing, just, or fitting, as well as the concept of uprightness itself. The term is also associated with a figure named Jashar, mentioned in Joshua 10:13.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָשָׁר adj. straight, right

straight, level

right, pleasing

straightforward, just, upright

abstr., uprightness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3477 יָשָׁר straight, right . straight, level

. right, pleasing

. straightforward, just, upright

. abstr., uprightness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3477 yashar yaw-shawr'

from 3474; straight (literally or figuratively):--convenient,

equity, Jasher, just, meet(-est), + pleased well right(-eous),

straight, (most) upright(-ly, -ness).

see HEBREW for 03474

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָשָׁר (ya.shar) — upright.

1) straight, upright, correct, right

1a) straight, level

1b) right, pleasing, correct

1c) straightforward, just, upright, fitting, proper

1d) uprightness, righteous, upright

1e) that which is upright (subst)

Also means: ya.shar (יָשָׁר "upright" H3477I)

יָשָׁר (ya.shar) — Jashar.

A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jos.10.13

יָשָׁר (ya.shar) — upright.

1) straight, upright, correct, right

1a) straight, level

1b) right, pleasing, correct

1c) straightforward, just, upright, fitting, proper

1d) uprightness, righteous, upright

1e) that which is upright (subst)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Adj — Preposition
HRd/Aampa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…

it rises in the darkness light for the upright [people] [the] gracious and [the] compassionate and [the] righteous
חַנּ֖וּןcha.Nun [the] gracious H2587 Adj
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for gracious describes God's kind and merciful nature, showing His love and care for humanity.
Amplified meaning
merciful, kind
Tyndale gloss
gracious
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word חַנּוּן (*channuwn*) means 'gracious' and is derived from the root word חָנַן (*chanan*). It is exclusively used as an attribute of God in the Old Testament, emphasizing divine grace.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַנּוּן adj. gracious, only used as an attribute of God

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2587 חַנּוּן gracious

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2587 channuwn khan-noon'

from 2603; gracious:--gracious.

see HEBREW for 02603

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַנּוּן (chan.nun) — gracious.

gracious

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAamsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

gra'-shus (chanan; charis): In general, the word means "to favor," "to show kindness" to an inferior and "to be compassionate." All Old Testament passages are derived from the same root, and yet there are two evident shades of meaning derived from it. (1) As above, "favorable" or, causative, "to cause to be gracious," as "Yahweh make his face to shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee" (Nu 6:25); "And the Lord was gracious unto them" (2Ki 13:23 the King James Version); "The Lord is gracious and full of compassion" (Ps 145:8 the King James Version). (2) In a modified sense, "graceful," "winsome" or "attractive," as applied particularly to persons and things. Used thus 3 times in the Old Testament and once in the New…

it rises in the darkness light for the upright [people] [the] gracious and [the] compassionate and [the] righteous
וְרַח֣וּםve.ra.Chum and [the] compassionate H7349 Conjunction
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for compassionate describes God's merciful nature. It is used to convey God's kindness and sympathy towards humanity, often in the context of his relationship with his people. This concept is central to the Bible's portrayal of God's character.
Amplified meaning
merciful, sympathetic, full of pity
Tyndale gloss
compassionate
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רַחוּם (rachuwm) means 'compassionate' and is derived from the root word רָחַם (racham), which also relates to mercy. It primarily describes God's nature, indicating He is full of compassion and merciful, with one noted exception in usage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רַחוּם adj. compassionate

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7349 רַחוּם compassionate

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7349 rachuwm rakh-oom'

from 7355; compassionate:--full of compassion, merciful.

see HEBREW for 07355

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רַחוּם (ra.chum) — compassionate.

1) compassionate

1a) always of God with one possible exception

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Adj — Conjunction
HC/Aamsa
it rises in the darkness light for the upright [people] [the] gracious and [the] compassionate and [the] righteous
וְצַדִּֽיק׃ve.tza.Dik and [the] righteous H6662 Conjunction
206× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means being just or righteous, as seen in government, personal conduct, or character, often describing someone made right with God. It appears in descriptions of King David and other biblical leaders. The concept is central to the Bible's teachings on morality and ethics.
Amplified meaning
just, made right with God, having God's nature
Tyndale gloss
righteous
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צַדִּיק (tsaddiyq) means just or righteous, covering various aspects such as lawful behavior, moral conduct, and being justified by God. It is derived from a related root and is used to describe individuals who are upright in character and actions.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צַדִּיק 206 adj. just, righteous

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6662 צַדִּיק just, righteous

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6662 tsaddiyq tsad-deek'

from 6663; just:--just, lawful, righteous (man).

see HEBREW for 06663

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צַדִּיק (tsad.diq) — righteous.

1) just, lawful, righteous

1a) just, righteous (in government)

1b) just, right (in one's cause)

1c) just, righteous (in conduct and character)

1d) righteous (as justified and vindicated by God)

1e) right, correct, lawful

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Adj — Conjunction
HC/Aamsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ MISCELLANY OF MINOR SUB-TOPICS

Compared with

The sun Jud 5:31; Mt 13:43

Stars Da 12:3

Lights Mt 5:14; Php 2:15

Mount Zion Ps 125:1,2

Lebanon Ho 14:5-7

Treasure Ex 19:5; Ps 135:4

Jewels Mal 3:17

Gold Job 23:10; La 4:2

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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