Psalms 97:11 — Word Study
WLCא֭וֹר זָרֻ֣עַ לַצַּדִּ֑יק וּֽלְיִשְׁרֵי־ לֵ֥ב שִׂמְחָֽה׃
BSA◂Lightʼôwr [sown, spread abroad] shineszâraʻ on the righteoustsaddîyq [those made just, upright] gladnesssimchâh [joy, happiness] on the uprightyâshâr [straight, just] in heartlêb [the seat of feelings, will, and intellect]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| א֭וֹר | light | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| זָרֻ֣עַ | [is] sown | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) masculine singular |
| לַצַּדִּ֑יק | for the righteous | Preposition |
| וּֽלְיִשְׁרֵי־ | and for [people] upright of | Conjunction, preposition |
| לֵ֥ב | heart | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| שִׂמְחָֽה׃ | joy | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Light shines on the righteous, gladness on the upright in heart. |
| KJV | Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart. |
| ASV | Light is sown for the righteous, And gladness for the upright in heart. |
| YLT | Light [is] sown for the righteous, And for the upright of heart — joy. |
| WEB | Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart. |
| BBE | Light is shining on the lovers of righteousness, and for the upright in heart there is joy. |
The translations agree on the key terms of light and joy in this verse.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by two prepositional phrases that clarify who receives the light and gladness.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאוֹר
verbזָרַע
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 97:11
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Sovereignty of Godgenerated
Psalm 97:11 expresses the blessings that come from God, emphasizing that light and joy are given to the righteous and those who are upright in heart. This psalm celebrates God's supreme authority and the joy that follows His justice, encouraging the faithful to rejoice in His presence, as seen in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 18:28 | For You, O LORD, light my lamp; my God lights up my darkness. |
| 2 | Psalm 112:4 | Light dawns in the darkness for the upright— for the gracious, compassionate, and righteous. |
| 3 | Esther 8:16 | For the Jews it was a time of light and gladness, of joy and honor. |
| 4 | Job 22:28 | Your decisions will be carried out, and light will shine on your ways. |
| 5 | Proverbs 4:18 | The path of the righteous is like the first gleam of dawn, shining brighter and brighter until midday. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — א֭וֹר, 'orgenerated
The word אוֹר ('or) means 'light' and includes various forms of illumination, both natural and spiritual. It represents happiness, prosperity, and understanding, often associated with God as the source of light.
In this verse, it conveys the idea that God's light shines upon the righteous, symbolizing divine favor and guidance. The participle form indicates an ongoing action, suggesting that this light is continually present for those who are just.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb זָרֻ֣עַ (zarua') governs the main action of the verse, with two noun phrases acting as subjects: א֭וֹר ('or) and שִׂמְחָֽה (simchah). The structure emphasizes the relationship between light and joy as direct blessings from God.
The Hebrew word order places א֭וֹר at the beginning, highlighting the prominence of light in the blessings bestowed upon the righteous.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates א֭וֹר as φῶς (phōs), which also means 'light'. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing the illumination and guidance that comes from God.
The word φῶς carries similar connotations in Greek, reinforcing the idea of divine light shining upon the righteous.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 97:11 tells us that light shines on the righteous, bringing joy to those who are upright in heart. This verse highlights the blessings from God, emphasizing the joy and illumination that come to those who live justly and with integrity.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies God's favor and guidance upon those who live justly and righteously, illuminating their path.
Gladness is a natural response to living in alignment with God's will, reflecting the joy that comes from a pure heart.
Light represents truth, guidance, and holiness, qualities that characterize God's nature and His relationship with humanity.
This verse encourages us to pursue righteousness and integrity, assuring us that God blesses those who do so with light and joy.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced God's light in my life?
- How can I cultivate a heart that is upright and pleasing to God?
- What practices can help me maintain joy in my daily life?
- How does understanding God's blessings influence my actions towards others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers, such as Augustine, referenced this verse to discuss the light that comes from God for the righteous, illustrating its significance in understanding divine blessings.
But perhaps you will say, I lose this light. "There is sprung up a light for the righteous" [Psalms 97:11].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 97 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 97:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleLight is sown for the righteous,.... Who are made righteous by the obedience of Christ, and live soberly and righteously; the light of joy and gladness, as it is explained in the next clause; see Es
Read John Gill on Psalms 97 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryConfounded be all they that serve graven images, that boast themselves of idols: worship him, all ye gods.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 97 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleLight, i.e. joy and felicity, as this word is used, , and oft elsewhere. Is sown; is prepared or laid up for them, and shall in due time be reaped by them, possibly in this life, but undoubtedly in the next. And therefore bear your afflictions for Christ with patience and cheerfulness.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 97 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 97:11 Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.Ver. 11. Light is sown for the righteous] The righteous is haeres crucis, the heir of the cross; and many are his troubles. A child of light may walk in darkness and have no light, Isaiah 50:10, yet Christ will not leave him comfortless, John 14:16, light is sown for him. It is yet seeding time, and that is usually wet and dropping; and the seed must have a time to lie, and then to grow, ere a crop can be expected; there must be also weeding and clodding, &c. "Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath long patience for it. Be ye also patient, stablish your heart," &c.…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 97 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(11) Light is sown—i.e., scattered. The metaphor must not be pressed so as to think of a harvest to come. The image is an obvious and common one. “Sol etiam summo de vertice dissipat omnes Ardorem in partes, et lumine consent arva.” . And Milton, while enriching its metaphor, doubless had the psalm in his mind:— “Now morn, her rosy steps in the Eastern clime Advancing, sow’d the earth with orient pearl.”
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 97 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 11. Light is sown for the righteous] The Divine light in the soul of man is a seed which takes root, and springs up and increases thirty, sixty, and a hundred fold. Gladness is also a seed: it is sown, and, if carefully improved and cultivated, will also multiply itself into thousands. Every grace of God is a seed, which he intends should produce a thousand fold in the hearts of genuine believers. We do not so much require more grace from God, as the cultivation of what we have received. God will not give more, unless we improve what we have got. Remember the parable of the talents. Let the light and gladness be faithfully cultivated, and they will multiply themselves till the whole…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 97 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges11. Light is sown] The idea is rather that of the diffusion of light at the dawn than of a seed sown to bear fruit hereafter. For the metaphor cp. Lucr. ii. 211, “Sol lumine conserit arva”; and Verg. Aen. iv. 584, “Et iam prima novo spargebat lumine terras … Aurora.” But most of the Ancient Versions represent the reading, Light hath arisen for the righteous, as in Psalms 112:4 (cp. Psalms 104:22), and this is probably right. So the P.B.V. There is sprung up a light, from the LXX through the Vulg. For light as a metaphor for happiness and prosperity cp. Psalms 27:1; Psalms 36:9.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 97 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleLight is sown for the righteous - That is, There is light for the righteous; or, they shall be brought into light, though they may be for a time in darkness.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 97 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Light shines on the righteous, gladness on the upright in heart.
Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.
Light shines on the righteous, gladness on the upright in heart.
The godly bask in the light; the morally upright experience joy.
Tyndale line
Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.
Light is sown for the righteous, And gladness for the upright in heart.
Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.
Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.
Light is sowen for the righteous, and ioy for the vpright in heart.
Strictly literal
Light is sown for the righteous, and joy for the upright in heart.
Light [is] sown for the righteous, And for the upright of heart — joy.
Light [is] sown for the righteous, || And joy for the upright of heart.
Light is sown for the righteous, and joy for the upright in heart.
Light is sown for the righteous and gladness for those with honest hearts.
Simplified
Light shines on those who do good, giving joy to those who live right.
Light is shining on the lovers of righteousness, and for the upright in heart there is joy.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all six words matched in the Hebrew and Greek texts. This indicates a consistent understanding of the verse across these traditions.
א֭וֹר זָרֻ֣עַ לַצַּדִּ֑יק וּֽלְיִשְׁרֵי־ לֵ֥ב שִׂמְחָֽה׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 97:11
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אוֹר (or) means 'light' and encompasses various forms of illumination, including daylight, dawn, and the light of heavenly bodies like the sun and stars. It can also refer to metaphorical concepts such as the light of life, prosperity, and instruction, as well as Yahweh as a source of light.
אוֹר 121 n.m. light
light as diffused in nature, light of day
morning light, dawn
light of the heavenly luminaries
daylight
lightning
light of lamp
light of life
light of prosperity
light of instruction
light of face
Yahweh
base
H216 אוֹר light . light as diffused in nature, light of day
. morning light, dawn
. light of the heavenly luminaries
. daylight
. lightning
. light of lamp
. light of life
. light of prosperity
. light of instruction
. light of face
. Yahweh
216 'owr ore
from 215; illumination or (concrete) luminary (in every
sense, including lightning, happiness, etc.):--bright, clear,
+ day, light (-ning), morning, sun.
see HEBREW for 0215
אוֹר (or) — light.
1) light
1a) light of day
1b) light of heavenly luminaries (moon, sun, stars)
1c) day-break, dawn, morning light
1d) daylight
1e) lightning
1f) light of lamp
1g) light of life
1h) light of prosperity
1i) light of instruction
1j) light of face (fig.)
1k) Jehovah as Israel's light
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
lit ('or, ma'or; phos; many other words):
1. Origin of Light
2. A Comprehensive Term
(1) Natural Light
(2) Artificial Light
(3) Miraculous Light
(4) Mental, Moral, Spiritual Light
3. An Attribute of Holiness
(1) God
(2) Christ
(3) Christians
(4) The Church
4. Symbolism
5. Expressive Terms
1. Origin of Light:
The creation of light was the initial step in the creation of life. "Let there be light" (Ge 1:3) was the first word of God spoken after His creative Spirit "moved" upon the primary material out of which He created the heavens and the earth, and which lay, until the utterance of that word, in the chaos of darkness and desolation. Something akin, possibly, to the all-pervasive electro-magnetic activity of the aurora borealis penetrated the chaotic night of the world. The ultimate focusing of light (on the 4th day of creation,
Light
The offspring of the divine command (Gen. 1:3). “All the more joyous emotions of the mind, all the pleasing sensations of the frame, all the happy hours of domestic intercourse were habitually described among the Hebrews under imagery derived from light” (1 Kings 11:36; Isa. 58:8; Esther 8:16; Ps. 97:11). Light came also naturally to typify true religion and the felicity it imparts (Ps. 119:105; Isa. 8:20; Matt. 4:16, etc.), and the glorious inheritance…
One of the most wonderful, cheering, and useful of all the works of God; called into being on the first of the six days of creation, by his voice: "Let there be light;" and there was light. No object better illustrates whatever is pure, glorious, spiritual, joyful, and beneficent. Hence the beauty and force of the expressions, "God is light," 1Jo 1:5, and "the Father of lights," Jas 1:17; Christ is the "Sun of righteousness," and "the light of the world," Joh 1:9 8:12. So also the word of God is "a light," Ps 119:105; truth and Christians are lights, Joh 3:19 12:36; prosperity is "light," Es 8:16; and heaven is full of…
זָרַע (zara`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sow or scatter seed. It covers various aspects of planting and yielding, including the figurative sense of producing or conceiving. The root can denote actions in different forms, such as being sown or becoming pregnant. The entries indicate a range of uses, from agricultural to reproductive contexts.
זָרַע vb. sow, scatter seed
Qal
lit. sow
of shrub and tree producing, yielding seed
fig.
Niph. be sown, fructified
be sown
be fructified, made pregnant
Pu. of princes and judges under fig. of trees
Hiph.
produce seed
of a woman, = bear a child
base
H2232 זָרַע sow, scatter seed .. lit. sow
2232 zara` zaw-rah'
a primitive root; to sow; figuratively, to disseminate,
plant, fructify:--bear, conceive seed, set with sow(-er),
yield.
זָרַע (za.ra) — to sow.
1) to sow, scatter seed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sow
1a2) producing, yielding seed
1b)(Niphal)
1b1) to be sown
1b2) to become pregnant, be made pregnant
1c) (Pual) to be sown
1d) (Hiphil) to produce seed, yield seed
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine singularHVqsmsa
צַדִּיק (tsaddiyq) means just or righteous, covering various aspects such as lawful behavior, moral conduct, and being justified by God. It is derived from a related root and is used to describe individuals who are upright in character and actions.
צַדִּיק 206 adj. just, righteous
base
H6662 צַדִּיק just, righteous
6662 tsaddiyq tsad-deek'
from 6663; just:--just, lawful, righteous (man).
see HEBREW for 06663
צַדִּיק (tsad.diq) — righteous.
1) just, lawful, righteous
1a) just, righteous (in government)
1b) just, right (in one's cause)
1c) just, righteous (in conduct and character)
1d) righteous (as justified and vindicated by God)
1e) right, correct, lawful
Prep | Adj — PrepositionHRd/Aamsa
יָשָׁר (yashar) means straight or upright, covering a range of meanings from physical straightness to moral correctness. It can refer to something that is pleasing, just, or fitting, as well as the concept of uprightness itself. The term is also associated with a figure named Jashar, mentioned in Joshua 10:13.
יָשָׁר adj. straight, right
straight, level
right, pleasing
straightforward, just, upright
abstr., uprightness
base
H3477 יָשָׁר straight, right . straight, level
. right, pleasing
. straightforward, just, upright
. abstr., uprightness
3477 yashar yaw-shawr'
from 3474; straight (literally or figuratively):--convenient,
equity, Jasher, just, meet(-est), + pleased well right(-eous),
straight, (most) upright(-ly, -ness).
see HEBREW for 03474
יָשָׁר (ya.shar) — upright.
1) straight, upright, correct, right
1a) straight, level
1b) right, pleasing, correct
1c) straightforward, just, upright, fitting, proper
1d) uprightness, righteous, upright
1e) that which is upright (subst)
Also means: ya.shar (יָשָׁר "upright" H3477I)
יָשָׁר (ya.shar) — Jashar.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jos.10.13
יָשָׁר (ya.shar) — upright.
1) straight, upright, correct, right
1a) straight, level
1b) right, pleasing, correct
1c) straightforward, just, upright, fitting, proper
1d) uprightness, righteous, upright
1e) that which is upright (subst)
Conj | Prep | Adj — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R/Aampc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.
לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the sea
elsewhere of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific reference to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
[various]
for the man himself
as seat of appetites
as seat of emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea
. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific reference to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. [various]
. for the man himself
. as seat of appetites
. as seat of emotions and passions
. seat of courage
H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash
3820 leb labe
a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very
widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;
likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,
consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),
(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X
heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X
themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,
wisdom.
see HEBREW for 03824
לֵב (lev) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
לֵב (lev) — Leb.
§ Leb- = "heart of"
(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
hart (lebh, lebhabh; kardia): The different senses in which the word occurs in the Old Testament and the New Testament may be grouped under the following heads:
1. Various Meanings:
It represents in the first place the bodily organ, and by easy transition those experiences which affect or are affected by the body. Fear, love, courage, anger, Joy, sorrow, hatred are always ascribed to the heart--especially in the Old Testament; thus courage for which usually ruach is used (Ps 27:14); joy (Ps 4:7); anger (De 19:6, "while his heart is hot," lebhabh); fear (1Sa 25:37); sorrow (Ps 13:2), etc.
Heart
According to the Bible, the heart is the centre not only of spiritual activity, but of all the operations of human life. “Heart” and “soul” are often used interchangeably (Deut. 6:5; 26:16; comp. Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:30, 33), but this is not generally the case.
The heart is the “home of the personal life,” and hence a man is designated, according to his heart, wise (1 Kings 3:12, etc.), pure (Ps. 24:4; Matt. 5:8, etc.), upright and righteous (Gen. 20:5, 6;
שִׂמְחָה (simchah) refers to joy, gladness, and mirth. It encompasses a range of meanings from general joyfulness to religious or festival-related happiness. The word is derived from שִׂמְחָה (H8056), which also relates to pleasure and rejoicing. The entries consistently highlight its positive connotations.
שִׂמְחָה 93 n.f. joy, gladness, mirth
base
H8057 שִׂמְחָה joy, gladness, mirth
8057 simchah sim-khaw'
from 8056; blithesomeness or glee, (religious or
festival):--X exceeding(-ly), gladness, joy(-fulness), mirth,
pleasure, rejoice(-ing).
see HEBREW for 08056
שִׂמְחָה (sim.chah) — joy.
1) joy, mirth, gladness
1a) mirth, gladness, joy, gaiety, pleasure
1b) joy (of God)
1c) glad result, happy issue
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
joi (simchah; chara):
1. Terms:
The idea of joy is expressed in the Old Testament by a wealth of synonymous terms that cannot easily be differentiated. The commonest is simchah (1Sa 18:6, etc.), variously translated in English Versions of the Bible "joy," "gladness," "mirth"; from sameah, properly "to be bright," "to shine" (Pr 13:9, "The light of the righteous rejoiceth," literally, "is bright"), but generally used figuratively "to rejoice," "be glad" (Le 23:40 and very frequent).
Other nouns are masos and sason, both from sus, properly "to spring," "leap," hence, "exult," "rejoice"; rinnah, "shouting." "joy"; gil, from verb gil or gul, "to go in a circle," hence, "be excited" (dancing round for joy), "rejoice." In the New…