Psalms 18:44 — Word Study
WLCלְשֵׁ֣מַֽע אֹ֭זֶן יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ לִ֑י בְּנֵֽי־ נֵ֝כָ֗ר יְכַחֲשׁוּ־ לִֽי׃
BSAto escapepâlaṭ striferîyb Amawʻam to setsûwm headrôʼsh Gentilegôwy Amawʻam notlôʼ to knowyâdaʻ to serveʻâbad
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| לְשֵׁ֣מַֽע | to [the] hearing of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| אֹ֭זֶן | an ear | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ | they become obedient | Verb, Niphal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| לִ֑י | to me | Preposition, suffix |
| בְּנֵֽי־ | sons of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| נֵ֝כָ֗ר | foreignness | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| יְכַחֲשׁוּ־ | they cringe | Verb, Piel, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| לִֽי׃ | to me | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | When they hear me, they obey me; foreigners cower before me. |
| KJV | As soon as they hear of me, they shall obey me: the strangers shall submit themselves unto me. |
| ASV | As soon as they hear of me they shall obey me; The foreigners shall submit themselves unto me. |
| YLT | At the hearing of the ear they hearken to me, Sons of a stranger feign obedience to me, |
| WEB | As soon as they hear of me they shall obey me. The foreigners shall submit themselves to me. |
| BBE | From the time when my name comes to their ears they will be ruled by me: men of other countries will, with false hearts, put themselves under my authority. |
Translations agree on the core meanings of hearing and obedience, maintaining the integrity of the message.
The sentence consists of a main clause supported by additional phrases, illustrating the relationships between hearing, obedience, and the response of foreigners.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbרִיב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 18:44
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Song of Praise for Deliverancegenerated
Psalm 18:44 is part of a larger passage where the psalmist expresses gratitude for God's deliverance from enemies. This verse emphasizes the authority the psalmist holds, as he notes that those who hear him respond with obedience, while foreigners show fear. It highlights the relationship between hearing and obedience, a theme prevalent in the psalms.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Romans 10:16–17 | But not all of them welcomed the good news. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our message?” |
| 2 | Psalm 66:3 | Say to God, “How awesome are Your deeds! So great is Your power that Your enemies cower before You. |
| 3 | Psalm 81:15 | Those who hate the LORD would feign obedience, and their doom would last forever. |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 33:29 | Blessed are you, O Israel! Who is like you, a people saved by the LORD? He is the shield that protects you, the sword in which you boast. Your enemies will cower before you, and you shall trample their high places.” |
| 5 | 2 Samuel 1:13 | And David inquired of the young man who had brought him the report, “Where are you from?” “I am the son of a foreigner,” he answered. “I am an Amalekite.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ, yi.Sha.me.'ugenerated
The verb שָׁמַע (shama`) is in the Niphal form, indicating a passive action where the subject receives the action. It conveys the idea of listening attentively, which often leads to obedience. This word is foundational in biblical Hebrew, often linking the act of hearing with the response of obedience.
The parsing as imperfect third person masculine plural suggests a collective response from those who hear. This reflects the communal nature of obedience, where the act of listening is not just individual but resonates within a group.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which has they obey and foreigners cower.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ and יְכַחֲשׁוּ govern the main clauses. The structure indicates a cause-and-effect relationship: hearing leads to obedience, with foreigners responding in fear. The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the actions of the subjects, highlighting their responses.
The main clause is supported by prepositional phrases that clarify the subjects and their actions, creating a layered understanding of the psalmist's authority.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ as ἀντιλογιῶν, suggesting a focus on the concept of opposition or argument, which may imply a deeper understanding of the relationship between the speaker and those who hear him. This choice reflects a nuanced interpretation of obedience as not merely passive compliance but an active engagement.
The translation of יְכַחֲשׁוּ as κεφαλὴν introduces a different dimension, suggesting a bowing or submission, which aligns with the idea of foreigners cowering.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 18:44 states that when the psalmist is heard, people obey him, and even foreigners show fear. This highlights the authority he has, as those who listen respond with submission.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that those outside the community recognize the authority and power of the psalmist, leading them to respond with fear.
Hearing is presented as a precursor to obedience; those who truly listen are compelled to respond accordingly.
Their fear signifies the universal recognition of the psalmist's authority, extending beyond his own people.
The psalm celebrates God's deliverance and the authority granted to the psalmist, emphasizing the relationship between hearing, obedience, and recognition.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I seen authority recognized in my own life?
- How can I cultivate a listening heart that leads to obedience?
- What does it mean for me to respond to God's voice in my life?
- How do I view the authority of those who lead me, and how does that affect my actions?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Augustine of Hippo references this verse to discuss the authority of the psalmist and the response of the Gentiles, illustrating the reach of God's influence.
"You shall make Me the head of the Gentiles. A people whom I have not known have served Me." The people of the Gentiles, whom in bodily presence I have not visited, have served Me.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 18 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 18:44 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAs soon as they hear of me they shall obey me,.... That is, as soon as they should hear of Christ, through the preaching of the word, by which faith would come, they should readily and at once
Read John Gill on Psalms 18 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryFor thou wilt light my candle: the LORD my God will enlighten my darkness. Here follows the fourth section of the psalm.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 18 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAs soon as they hear of me; either, 1. At the fame of my name and victorious arms. Or, 2. At the first tidings of my coming towards them. Or rather, 3. As soon as they understand my will and pleasure, they shall instantly comply with it. Submit themselves unto me, Heb. shall lie unto me, i.e. shall submit themselves to me not willingly and cheerfullly, as they will pretend, but only out of fear, and by constraint; by which it appears that this is spoken with reference to David, and not (as some would have it) to Christ, because Christ’ s people are a willing people, , and those whom he conquers do freely obey him.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 18 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 18:44 As soon as they hear of me, they shall obey me: the strangers shall submit themselves unto me.Ver. 44. As soon as they hear of me] Heb. At the hearing of the ear; that is, by the preaching of the gospel they shall be brought to yield the obedience of faith. The strangers shall submit] Heb. falsely, deny or dissemble with me; their submission is forced and feigned, they dare do no less; they receive my yoke, but their hearts I have not, Subiectio fucosa et hypocritica. Christ hath many such false hearted subjects, fawning and feigning profligate professors, carnal gospellers, &c.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 18 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(44) As soon as—i.e., at the bare mention of my victories. An actual instance is recorded (2 Samuel 8:9, seq.). For the expression, comp. Job 42:5. The strangers shall.—See margin. More literally, come with flattery. In Samuel the two clauses are transposed and slightly varied.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 18 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 44. As soon as they hear of me] His victories were so rapid and splendid over powerful enemies, that they struck a general terror among the people, and several submitted without a contest. Strangers shall submit themselves unto me.] Some translate this: "The children of the foreign woman have lied unto me." This has been understood two ways: My own people, who have sworn fealty to me, have broken their obligation, and followed my rebellious son. Or, The heathens, who have been brought under my yoke, have promised the most cordial obedience, and flattered me with their tongues, while their hearts felt enmity against me and my government. Nevertheless, even in this unwilling subjection…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 18 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges44. As soon as they heard of me they offered me obedience, Strangers came cringing unto me. At the mere report of David’s victories foreign nations offered their allegiance, as for example Toi of Hamath. See 2 Samuel 8:9 ff. The word rendered submit themselves, marg. yield feigned obedience, denotes originally the unwilling homage paid by the vanquished to their conqueror. Cp. Deuteronomy 33:29; Psalms 66:3; Psalms 81:15. In 2 Sam. the order of the clauses is inverted.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 18 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAs soon as they hear of me, they shall obey me - Margin, as in Hebrew, At the hearing of the ear. That is, their submission will be prompt and immediate.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 18 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
When they hear me, they obey me; foreigners cower before me.
As soon as they hear of me they shall obey me. The foreigners shall submit themselves to me.
When they hear me, they obey me; foreigners cower before me.
When they hear of my exploits, they submit to me. Foreigners are powerless before me;
Tyndale line
As soon as they hear of me, they shall obey me: the strangers shall submit themselves unto me.
As soon as they hear of me they shall obey me; The foreigners shall submit themselves unto me.
As soon as they hear of me they shall obey me: the strangers shall submit themselves unto me.
As soon as they hear of me, they shall obey me: the strangers shall submit themselves to me.
As soone as they heare, they shall obey me: the strangers shall be in subiection to me.
Strictly literal
At the hearing of the ear, they obey me: strangers come cringing unto me.
At the hearing of the ear they hearken to me, Sons of a stranger feign obedience to me,
At the hearing of the ear they listen to me, || Sons of a stranger feign obedience to me,
(18:45) As soon as their ear heareth they shall be obedient to me: the children of the stranger shall utter flattery unto me.
As soon as they heard of me, they obeyed me; foreigners were forced to bow to me.
Simplified
As soon as they hear of me, they obey; foreigners cringe before me.
From the time when my name comes to their ears they will be ruled by me: men of other countries will, with false hearts, put themselves under my authority.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of לְשֵׁ֣מַֽע through לִֽי׃, confirming the integrity of the text across these traditions. The Septuagint's translation choices reflect a consistent understanding of the original Hebrew.
לְשֵׁ֣מַֽע אֹ֭זֶן יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ לִ֑י בְּנֵֽי־ נֵ֝כָ֗ר יְכַחֲשׁוּ־ לִֽי׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 18:44
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שֶׁ֫מַע (shema`) refers to both 'sound' and 'hearing' or 'report.' It is derived from a root meaning to hear and encompasses concepts like announcement and rumor. The word appears in contexts related to auditory experiences, including Psalm 150:5. There is a variant form, שֹׁ֫מַע (sho.ma), which also means 'report.'
[שֶׁ֫מַע] n.[m.] sound;—ψ 150:5
ref
שֵׁ֫מַע n.[m.] hearing, report
base
H8088a שֶׁ֫מַע sound H8088b שֵׁ֫מַע hearing, report
8088 shema` shay'-mah
from 8085; something heard, i.e. a sound, rumor,
announcement; abstractly, audience:--bruit, fame, hear(-ing),
loud, report, speech, tidings.
see HEBREW for 08085
שֶׁ֫מַע (she.ma) — sound.
sound
שֵׁ֫מַע (she.ma) — report.
report, a hearing
Also means: sho.ma (שֹׁ֫מַע "report" H8089)
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word אֹ֫זֶן (*ozen*) means 'ear' and is derived from a root that suggests broadness. It refers to the physical ear as well as the organ of hearing, and can also imply the act of revealing or receiving divine revelation. The term appears in contexts such as Exodus 29:20.
אֹ֫זֶן 188 n.f. Ex 29:20 ear
ear, as part of body
especially as organ of hearing
open ears of, reveal to
base
H241 אֹ֫זֶן ear
241 'ozen o'-zen
from 238; broadness. i.e. (concrete) the ear (from its form
in man):--+ advertise, audience, + displease, ear, hearing, +
show.
see HEBREW for 0238
אֹ֫זֶן (o.zen) — ear.
: ear
1) ear, as part of the body
2) ear, as organ of hearing
3) (subjective) to uncover the ear to reveal; the receiver of divine revelation
אֹ֫זֶן (o.zen) — ear: hearing.
: hearing
1) ear, as part of the body
2) ear, as organ of hearing
3) (subjective) to uncover the ear to reveal; the receiver of divine revelation
אֹ֫זֶן (o.zen) — ear: to ears.
: to[ears_of](PERSON)
1) ear, as part of the body
2) ear, as organ of hearing
3) (subjective) to uncover the ear to reveal; the receiver of divine revelation
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
er ('ozen; ous, otion, the latter word (literally, "earlet") in all the Gospels only used of the ear of the high priest's servant, which was cut off by Peter: Mt 26:51; Mr 14:47; Lu 22:51 (not 22:50); Joh 18:10,26):
(1) The physical organ of hearing which was considered of peculiar importance as the chief instrument by which man receives information and commandments. For this reason the ear of the priest had to be specially sanctified, the tip of the right ear being touched with sacrificial blood at the consecration (Le 8:23). Similarly the ear of the cleansed leper had to be rededicated to the service of God by blood…
Ear
Used frequently in a figurative sense (Ps. 34:15). To “uncover the ear” is to show respect to a person (1 Sam. 20:2 marg.). To have the “ear heavy”, or to have “uncircumcised ears” (Isa. 6:10), is to be inattentive and disobedient. To have the ear “bored” through with an awl was a sign of perpetual servitude (Ex. 21:6).
The Hebrew word שָׁמַע (shama`) means 'to hear' and encompasses a range of meanings including listening, obeying, and proclaiming. It is built from a primitive root and can imply attention and understanding. The entries highlight various grammatical forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of hearing and obeying. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שָׁמַע 1152 vb. hear
Qal 1052
subj. pers. hum.
י׳ (God) subj.
Niph. 42 be heard, of voice, sound
be heard of
be regarded, obeyed
= (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.
Pi. he caused the people to hear
Hiph. 63
of man
י׳ subj.
base
H8085 שָׁמַע hear
8085 shama` shaw-mah'
a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with
implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to
tell, etc.):--X attentively, call (gather) together, X
carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content,
declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make
to) hear(-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be)
obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish,
regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell,
understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: hear.
: hear
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
1a4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to
1a5) to understand (language)
1a6) to hear (of judicial cases)
1a7) to listen, give heed
1a7a) to consent, agree
1a7b) to grant request
1a8) to listen to, yield to
1a9) to obey, be obedient
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be heard (of voice or sound)
1b2) to be heard of
1b3) to be regarded, be obeyed
1c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound
1d2) to sound aloud (musical term)
1d3) to make proclamation, summon
1d4) to cause to be heard
n m
2) sound
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: obey.
: obey
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
HVNi3mp — Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVNi3mp
נִי (ni) — me.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
HNcmpc — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
See SON, SONS.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נֵכָר (nekar) refers to something foreign or alien, encompassing the concepts of foreignness and foreigners. It can also denote foreign gods or vanities. The word is derived from a root meaning to recognize or acknowledge, suggesting a distinction from the familiar.
נֵכָר n.[m.] that which is foreign, foreignness
base
H5236 נֵכָר that which is foreign, foreignness
5236 nekar nay-kawr'
' from 5234; foreign, or (concretely) a foreigner, or
(abstractly) heathendom:--alien, strange (+ -er).
see HEBREW for 05234
נֵכָר (ne.khar) — foreign.
1) foreign, alien, foreignness, that which is foreign
1a) foreignness, foreign gods
1b) alien, foreigner
1c) foreign (vanities)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
כָּחַשׁ (kachash) is a Hebrew verb meaning to deceive or disappoint. It encompasses a range of actions including lying, failing, and growing lean, with various forms indicating different nuances such as cringing or feigning obedience. The entries highlight its use in contexts of untruthfulness and insufficiency, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
כָּחַשׁ vb. be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean
Qal my flesh hath grown lean (away) fr. fatness
Niph. thine enemies shall cringe
Pi.
deceive
act deceptively against
cringe = come cringing
disappoint, fail
Hithp. shall come cringing to me
base
H3584 כָּחַשׁ be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean
3584 kachash kaw-khash'
a primitive root; to be untrue, in word (to lie, feign,
disown) or deed (to disappoint, fail, cringe):--deceive, deny,
dissemble, fail, deal falsely, be found liars, (be-)lie,
lying, submit selves.
כָּחַשׁ (ka.chash) — to deceive.
1) to deceive, lie, fail, grow lean, be disappointing, be untrue, be insufficient, be found liars, belie, deny, dissemble, deal falsely
1a) (Qal) to become lean
1b) (Niphal) to cringe, feign obedience
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to deceive, deny falsely
1c2) to act deceptively
1c3) to cringe
1c4) to disappoint, fail
1d) (Hithpael) to cringe, feign obedience
HVpi3mp — Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVpi3mp
נִי (ni) — me.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs