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Psalms 35:25 — Word Study

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WLCאַל־ יֹאמְר֣וּ בְ֭לִבָּם הֶאָ֣ח נַפְשֵׁ֑נוּ אַל־ יֹ֝אמְר֗וּ בִּֽלַּעֲנֽוּהוּ׃

BSALet them notʼal sayʼâmar [to themselves, in their innermost thoughts] in their heartslêb Ahaheʼâch [an expression of triumph, our desire] just what we wantednephesh [so we would have it, our soul's rejoice] Let them notʼal sayʼâmar [declare, proclaim] We have swallowed him upbâlaʻ [completely destroyed, devoured him]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 35
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 25 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Bi.la.'a.Nu.hu) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 35:25quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist pleads that his enemies do not rejoice in their triumph over him.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, appealing to God regarding his adversaries.
Where we areIn the context of a prayer for vindication amidst opposition.
The hard wordבִּֽלַּעֲנֽוּ
Take awayThe desire for enemies to be silenced in their triumph.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbאָמַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 35:25

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Plea for Vindicationgenerated

24Vindicate me by Your righteousness, O LORD my God, and do not let them gloat over me.
25Let them not say in their hearts, “Aha, just what we wanted!” Let them not say, “We have swallowed him up!”
26May those who gloat in my distress be ashamed and confounded; may those who exalt themselves over me be clothed in shame and reproach.
27May those who favor my vindication shout for joy and gladness; may they always say, “Exalted be the LORD who delights in His servant’s well-being.”

Psalm 35:25 expresses a heartfelt plea from the psalmist, asking God to prevent his enemies from gloating over him. The surrounding verses highlight the psalmist's distress and desire for justice, as he seeks divine intervention against those who rejoice in his misfortune. This theme of seeking vindication is common in the psalms, where the faithful often cry out for God’s help in times of trouble.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 27:12Do not hand me over to the will of my foes, for false witnesses rise up against me, breathing out violence.
2Psalm 28:3Do not drag me away with the wicked, and with the workers of iniquity, who speak peace to their neighbors while malice is in their hearts.
3Psalm 70:3May those who say, “Aha, aha!” retreat because of their shame.
4Psalm 74:8They said in their hearts, “We will crush them completely.” They burned down every place where God met us in the land.
5Job 1:5And when the days of feasting were over, Job would send for his children to purify them, rising early in the morning to offer burnt offerings for all of them. For Job thought, “Perhaps my children have sinned and cursed God in their hearts.” This was Job’s regular practice.

The Key Word בִּֽלַּעֲנֽוּ, Bi.la.'a.Nu.hugenerated

A perfect form of the verb בָּלַע (bala), meaning 'to swallow' or 'to engulf.' The construction indicates a completed action, suggesting that the psalmist's enemies have already attempted to completely destroy him.

The use of the first person plural indicates a collective sense of triumph among the enemies, emphasizing the depth of the psalmist's concern for his own safety and well-being.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains two main clauses, both beginning with a jussive verb: יֹאמְר֣וּ (they say) and יֹ֝אמְר֗וּ (they say), indicating a prohibition against the enemies' speech. The structure emphasizes the psalmist's desire to silence their declarations.

Each clause is followed by a prepositional phrase that provides context for what the enemies are saying, revealing the inner thoughts and intentions of their hearts.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יֹאמְר֣וּ as εἴπαισαν, indicating a direct correspondence in meaning. This choice reflects the same intent of expressing speech or declaration.

The Greek word εὖγε for הֶאָ֣ח captures the emotional reaction of triumph, suggesting a similar understanding of the enemies' attitude in both texts.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 35:25 is a prayer where the psalmist asks God to stop his enemies from feeling victorious over him. He expresses a desire that they do not rejoice in their supposed triumph, highlighting his distress and need for divine help.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the psalmist mean by 'Aha'?

The term 'Aha' expresses a moment of triumph or joy, indicating the enemies' delight in their perceived victory over the psalmist.

Why does the psalmist repeat the phrase 'Let them not say'?

The repetition emphasizes the urgency of the plea, as the psalmist desperately seeks to prevent his enemies from declaring their triumph.

What is the significance of the heart in this verse?

The heart represents the inner thoughts and intentions of the enemies, indicating that their desire for victory comes from deep within.

How does this verse relate to the theme of vindication in the psalms?

This verse reflects a common theme in the psalms where the faithful cry out for justice and vindication against their adversaries.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I experienced feelings of triumph or defeat in my own life?
  2. How can I seek God's help when facing opposition or adversity?
  3. What does it mean to me to have my inner thoughts and desires aligned with God's will?
  4. How can I support others who are struggling against their enemies or challenges?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

The early church fathers often referenced this verse in discussions of justice and divine retribution, as seen in quotations from Augustine of Hippo.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 35 354–430
"Let them not say in their heart, Aha, aha, so would we have it" [Psalms 35:25]; that is, We have done what we could, we have slain him, we have taken him away.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 35 →

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 35:25 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Let them not say in their hearts, ah, so would we have it,.... Or we have what our souls wished for and desired: the sense of the petition is the same with Psalms 27:12; let them not say, we have

Read John Gill on Psalms 35 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Let them not say in their hearts, Ah, so would we have it: let them not say, We have swallowed him up. Ah! so would we have it - literally, 'Ah!

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 35 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Ah, so would we have it; Heb. Aha, our soul, i.e. Oh our soul crieth, Aha; an expression of mirth, as before, . Or, Aha, we have our wish or desire, as the soul is taken, . David is now as low as we could wish him.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 35 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 35:25 Let them not say in their hearts, Ah, so would we have it: let them not say, We have swallowed him up.Ver. 25. Ah, so would we have it] Heb. Ah, ah, my soul; that is, our desire; we are voti compotes. We have swallowed them up] As swine do swill or ravenous beasts their prey.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 35 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 25. Swallowed him up.] בלענוהו billaanuhu, we have gulped him down.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 35 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

25. Ah, so would we have it] Lit. Aha, our desire!We have swallowed him up] Destroying every trace of his existence. Cp. Psalms 124:3; Proverbs 1:12; Lamentations 2:16.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 35 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Let them not say in their hearts - Let them not congratulate themselves on the result; let them not feel that they have triumphed; let them not, under thy government, come off victorious in doing wrong.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 35 →

The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Let them not say in their hearts, “Aha, just what we wanted!” Let them not say, “We have swallowed him up!”

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Don’t let them say in their heart, “Aha! That’s the way we want it!” Don’t let them say, “We have swallowed him up!”

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Let them not say in their hearts, “Aha, just what we wanted!” Let them not say, “We have swallowed him up!”

NETBNew English Translation2006

Do not let them say to themselves, “Aha! We have what we wanted!” Do not let them say, “We have devoured him!”

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Let them not say in their hearts, Ah, so would we have it: let them not say, We have swallowed him up.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Let them not say in their heart, Aha, so would we have it: Let them not say, We have swallowed him up.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Let them not say in their heart, Aha, so would we have it: let them not say, We have swallowed him up.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Let them not say in their hearts, Ah, so would we have it: let them not say, We have swallowed him up.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Let them not say in their hearts, O our soule reioyce: neither let them say, We haue deuoured him.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Let them not say in their heart, Aha! so would we have it. Let them not say, We have swallowed him up.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

They do not say in their heart, 'Aha, our desire.' They do not say, 'We swallowed him up.'

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

They do not say in their heart, “Aha, our desire.” They do not say, “We swallowed him up.”

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Let them not say in their heart, Aha, [this is the wish of] our soul: let them not say, We have swallowed him up.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Do not let them say in their heart, “Aha, we have what we wanted.” Do not let them say, “We have devoured him.”

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Don't let them say to themselves, “Look! We got what we wanted!” Don't let them say, “We completely destroyed him!”

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Let them not say in their hearts, So we will have it: let them not say, We have put an end to him.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseadverbialאַלnotverbיֹאמְר֣וּlet.them.sayprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְ֭innoun phraseלִבָּheartםtheirclause · objectclauseהֶאָ֣חaha!clausenoun phrase · predicateנַפְשֵׁ֑desireנוּourclauseadverbialאַלnotverbיֹ֝אמְר֗וּmay.they.sayclause · objectverbבִּֽלַּעֲנֽוּweobjectהוּhave.swallowed.him

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in this verse, with all eight words matched in meaning. This indicates a strong consistency in the rendering of this plea across these ancient texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

אַל־ יֹאמְר֣וּ בְ֭לִבָּם הֶאָ֣ח נַפְשֵׁ֑נוּ אַל־ יֹ֝אמְר֗וּ בִּֽלַּעֲנֽוּהוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
אַל־μὴיֹאמְר֣וּεἴπαισανבְ֭לִבָּםαὐτῶνהֶאָ֣חεὖγεנַפְשֵׁ֑נוּἡμῶνאַל־μηδὲיֹ֝אמְר֗וּεἴπαισανבִּֽלַּעֲנֽוּהוּ׃αὐτόν

8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 35:25אַלmay notmay notאַלאָמַרthey saythey sayאָמַרלֵבin heart thin heart theirלֵבהֶאָחaha!aha!הֶאָחנֶ֫פֶשׁdesire ourdesire ourנֶ֫פֶשׁאַלmay notmay notאַלאָמַרthey saythey sayאָמַרבָּלַעwe have swawe have swallowבָּלַעלֹאnotnotלֹאהֵאbeholdbeholdהֵאנָפַשׁbe refreshbe refreshedנָפַשׁלֵבָבheartheartלֵבָבחָתַתto to be dto to be dismayחָתַתיָרֵאto fearto fearיָרֵאכֹּהthusthusכֹּהיהוהYHWH/GodYHWH/Godיהוהחָסֵרlackinglackingחָסֵרחָכָםwisewiseחָכָםבֹּ֫שֶׁתshameshameבֹּ֫שֶׁתבָּקַשׁto seekto seekבָּקַשׁחַיalivealiveחַישִׁבֹּ֫לֶתShibbolethShibbolethשִׁבֹּ֫לֶתתַּןjackaljackalתַּן
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 35:25

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

may not they say in heart their aha! desire our may not they say we have swallowed him
אַל־'al- may not H408 Particle
724× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means not or nothing, used to express negation, as in the phrase do not or let not be.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

408 'al al

a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified

negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,

nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing

(worth), rather than.

see HEBREW for 03808

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַל (al) — not.

1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)

1a) do not, let not (with a verb)

1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)

1c) not, no (with substantive)

1d) nothing (as substantive)

Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
may not they say in heart their aha! desire our may not they say we have swallowed him
יֹאמְר֣וּyo.me.Ru they say H559 Verb · Qal · jussive third person masculine plural
5,309× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Amplified meaning
to themselves, in their innermost thoughts
Tyndale gloss
to say
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say

Qal

Say

Say in the heart (= think)

Promise

Command (esp. late)

Niph. be said, told

Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

Hithp. act proudly, boast

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say

. Say in the heart (= think)

. Promise

. Command (esp. late)

. be said, told

. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

. act proudly, boast

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

559 'amar aw-mar'

a primitive root; to say (used with great

latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,

certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),

commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X

expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,

publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X

suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),

utter, X verily, X yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.

1) to say, speak, utter

1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called

1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly

1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Juss-3mp — Verb · Qal · jussive third person masculine plural
HVqj3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may not they say in heart their aha! desire our may not they say we have swallowed him
בְ֭לִבָּםVe.li.bom in heart their H3820 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
595× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Leb refers to the heart, but also represents feelings, will, and intellect in the Bible. It is used figuratively to describe the center of something, and is often translated as heart or mind. Leb is a complex concept that encompasses emotions and thoughts.
Tyndale gloss
heart
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart

seldom of things in the midst of the sea

elsewhere of men

the inner man in contrast with the outer

the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will

specific reference to mind

spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will

spec. ref. to conscience

[various]

for the man himself

as seat of appetites

as seat of emotions and passions

seat of courage

base

לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea

. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer

. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will

. specific reference to mind

. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will

. spec. ref. to conscience

. [various]

. for the man himself

. as seat of appetites

. as seat of emotions and passions

. seat of courage

H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3820 leb labe

a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very

widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;

likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,

consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),

(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X

heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X

themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,

wisdom.

see HEBREW for 03824

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֵב (lev) — heart.

1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding

1a) inner part, midst

1a1) midst (of things)

1a2) heart (of man)

1a3) soul, heart (of man)

1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory

1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)

1a6) conscience

1a7) heart (of moral character)

1a8) as seat of appetites

1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage

לֵב (lev) — Leb.

§ Leb- = "heart of"

(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp3mp
may not they say in heart their aha! desire our may not they say we have swallowed him
הֶאָ֣חhe.'Ach aha! H1889 Particle
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is an expression of surprise or excitement, like saying 'aha'. It's used in the Bible to show strong emotions, like in Psalm 35:21. It's a sudden reaction
Amplified meaning
an expression of triumph, our desire
Tyndale gloss
Aha!
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הֶאָח (heach) is an interjection used to express joy, akin to saying 'Aha!'. It is derived from two roots, though the specific meanings of those roots are not detailed in the entries. The word captures a moment of excitement or realization.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הֶאָח interj. (onomatop.) expressing joy, Aha!

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1889 הֶאָח (onomatop.) expressing joy, Aha!

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1889 heach heh-awkh'

from 1887 and 253; aha!:--ah, aha, ha.

see HEBREW for 01887

see HEBREW for 0253

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֶאָח (he.ach) — Aha!.

aha!

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTj
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Thompson Chain Reference topics

a term of derision

Ps 35:21; 40:15; 70:3; Eze 25:3; 26:2; 36:2

--SEE Derision, DERISION

Mocking, MOCKING

& MOCKING

& SUFFERINGS OF CHRIST

may not they say in heart their aha! desire our may not they say we have swallowed him
נַפְשֵׁ֑נוּnaf.She.nu desire our H5315 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
754× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for soul or living being, used in the Bible to describe the essence of a person or animal. It encompasses the ideas of life, breath, and vitality, and is translated as 'soul' or 'creature' in the KJV. This word is central to biblical concepts of humanity and existence.
Amplified meaning
so we would have it, our soul's rejoice
Tyndale gloss
soul
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נֶ֫פֶשׁ (*nephesh*) broadly means 'soul' or 'living being,' encompassing concepts like life, self, person, desire, and emotion. It is derived from the root meaning 'to breathe' and signifies both physical and mental aspects of existence. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, including as the seat of appetites and emotions, though its application to will and character is uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫פֶשׁ 756 n.f. soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion

= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

The נפשׁ becomes a living being

The נפשׁ is specif.

The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

נ׳ in D

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5315 נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion . = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

. The נפשׁ becomes a living being

. The נפשׁ is specif.

. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

. נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

. נ׳ in D

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5315 nephesh neh'-fesh

from 5314; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of

(abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal,

accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental):--any,

appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire,

X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y),

(hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me,

mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-,

thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they,

thing, (X she) will, X would have it.

see HEBREW for 05314

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

1g1) uncertain

1h) activity of the will

1h1) uncertain

1i) activity of the character

1i1) uncertain

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul: life.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp1bp
may not they say in heart their aha! desire our may not they say we have swallowed him
אַל־'al- may not H408 Particle
724× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means not or nothing, used to express negation, as in the phrase do not or let not be.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

408 'al al

a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified

negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,

nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing

(worth), rather than.

see HEBREW for 03808

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַל (al) — not.

1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)

1a) do not, let not (with a verb)

1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)

1c) not, no (with substantive)

1d) nothing (as substantive)

Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
may not they say in heart their aha! desire our may not they say we have swallowed him
יֹ֝אמְר֗וּyo.me.Ru they say H559 Verb · Qal · jussive third person masculine plural
5,309× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Amplified meaning
declare, proclaim
Tyndale gloss
to say
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say

Qal

Say

Say in the heart (= think)

Promise

Command (esp. late)

Niph. be said, told

Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

Hithp. act proudly, boast

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say

. Say in the heart (= think)

. Promise

. Command (esp. late)

. be said, told

. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)

. act proudly, boast

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

559 'amar aw-mar'

a primitive root; to say (used with great

latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,

certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),

commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X

expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,

publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X

suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),

utter, X verily, X yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.

1) to say, speak, utter

1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend

1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called

1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly

1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch

Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Juss-3mp — Verb · Qal · jussive third person masculine plural
HVqj3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may not they say in heart their aha! desire our may not they say we have swallowed him
בִּֽלַּעֲנֽוּהוּ׃Bi.la.'a.Nu.hu we have swallowed him H1104 Verb piel perfect first person common plural · suffix
49× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to swallow or destroy something completely. It can be used to describe something being eaten up or destroyed, like in a natural disaster or a strong storm. The Bible uses it to convey total destruction.
Amplified meaning
completely destroyed, devoured him
Tyndale gloss
to swallow up
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּלַע (bala) is a Hebrew verb meaning to swallow down or engulf. It encompasses various forms, including actions of devouring and being consumed, as well as figurative uses like squandering. The entries indicate that it can be used in different grammatical aspects, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, and Hithpael, each with slightly different nuances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּלַע vb. swallow down, swallow up, engulf

Qal

swallow down

swallow up, engulf

Niph. swallowed up, i.e. devastated

Pi.

swallow

swallow up, engulf

Pu. be swallowed up

Hithp. their wisdom is all gone, ‘they are at their wit’s end’

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1104 בָּלַע swallow down, swallow up, engulf

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1104 bala` baw-lah'

a primitive root; to make away with (specifically by

swallowing); generally, to destroy:--cover, destroy, devour,

eat up, be at end, spend up, swallow down (up).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּלַע (ba.la) — to swallow up.

1) to swallow down, swallow up, engulf, eat up

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to swallow down

1a2) to swallow up, engulf

1b) (Niphal) to be swallowed up

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to swallow

1c2) to swallow up, engulf

1c3) squandering (fig.)

1d) (Pual) to be swallowed up

1e) (Hithpael) to be ended

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Perf-1cp | Suff — Verb piel perfect first person common plural · suffix
HVpp1cp/Sp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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