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Psalms 63:5 — Word Study

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WLCכְּמ֤וֹ חֵ֣לֶב וָ֭דֶשֶׁן תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע נַפְשִׁ֑י וְשִׂפְתֵ֥י רְ֝נָנ֗וֹת יְהַלֶּל־ פִּֽי׃

BSArightkên to blessbârak alivechay nameshêm to liftnâsâʼ palmkaph

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 63
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 5 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Pi) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 63:5quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist expresses deep satisfaction in God, comparing it to the richness of the finest food.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, reflecting on their relationship with God.
Where we areIn a personal expression of worship, highlighting the joy found in praising God.
The hard wordתִּשְׂבַּ֣ע
Take awayTrue satisfaction comes from God alone, much like the best nourishment.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbחַיִּים The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 63:5

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Psalm of Praise and Satisfactiongenerated

4So I will bless You as long as I live; in Your name I will lift my hands.
5My soul is satisfied as with the richest of foods; with joyful lips my mouth will praise You.
6When I remember You on my bed, I think of You through the watches of the night.
7For You are my help; I will sing for joy in the shadow of Your wings.

Psalm 63:5 expresses the psalmist's profound satisfaction in God, likening it to the richest of foods. This verse is part of a larger psalm that emphasizes the joy and fulfillment found in God's presence, especially during times of worship. The psalmist reflects on their relationship with God, affirming that true contentment comes from Him.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 17:15As for me, I will behold Your face in righteousness; when I awake, I will be satisfied in Your presence.
2Psalm 36:7–9How precious is Your loving devotion, O God, that the children of men take refuge in the shadow of Your wings!
3Psalm 65:4Blessed is the one You choose and bring near to dwell in Your courts! We are filled with the goodness of Your house, the holiness of Your temple.
4Psalm 104:34May my meditation be pleasing to Him, for I rejoice in the LORD.
5Song of Solomon 1:4

The Key Word תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע, tis.Ba'generated

The verb תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע (tis.Ba') is a Qal imperfect form, meaning 'to be satisfied' or 'to be sated.' It conveys a sense of fulfillment, particularly in relation to food or desires. The form indicates an ongoing or future action, suggesting that the satisfaction is not just a momentary feeling but a lasting state.

This word is built from the root that emphasizes being filled or having enough. In this context, it highlights the psalmist's deep spiritual contentment, equating the satisfaction of the soul with the richness of food, which is a common metaphor in biblical literature.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In this study, we reference the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), which uses the term satisfied.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verbs governing the verse are תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע and יְהַלֶּל, it will be satisfied and it will praise, respectively. The structure includes a comparison phrase introduced by כְּמ֤וֹ, indicating that the satisfaction is likened to the richest of foods.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the satisfaction of the soul first, followed by the expression of praise, which highlights the psalmist's inner state before their outward expression of worship.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע is rendered with the Greek word ζωῇ (zōē), meaning 'life' or 'living.' This choice emphasizes the vitality and fullness of life that comes from God, broadening the concept of satisfaction to encompass a more holistic view of life.

This translation choice indicates a slight widening of meaning, suggesting that true satisfaction is not just about physical nourishment but also about the fullness of life that God provides.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 63:5 shows the psalmist expressing deep satisfaction in God, comparing it to the richest of foods. The verse highlights the joy of praising God, indicating that true fulfillment comes from Him.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for my soul to be satisfied?

Being satisfied means feeling fulfilled and content, much like how one feels after a nourishing meal. In a spiritual sense, it refers to finding complete contentment in God.

Why does the psalmist compare satisfaction to food?

Food is a common metaphor for satisfaction and abundance in the Bible, illustrating the depth of joy and fulfillment one finds in a relationship with God.

How can I express my praise to God?

You can express your praise through worship, prayer, and by sharing your gratitude for God's blessings in your life.

What does it mean to have joyful lips?

Joyful lips signify a heart filled with happiness and gratitude, expressing praise and worship to God with enthusiasm and joy.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I experienced satisfaction in my life, similar to the way the psalmist describes?
  2. How can I cultivate a deeper sense of joy in my relationship with God?
  3. What are some specific ways I can express my praise to God in my daily life?
  4. How does understanding the richness of God's blessings impact my perspective on satisfaction?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, reflecting on the themes of satisfaction and praise found in the psalm.

Ambrose of MilanOn Cain and Abel, Book 2, Chapter V c. 339–397
Now let us turn our attention to the characteristic of fatness or richness of which David speaks intelligibly when he says, “Let my soul be filled as with marrow and fatness.” Before that he had said,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 63 →
John ChrysostomON THE EPISTLE TO THE Hebrews 14:9 c. 347–407
Why do we forget about wickedness? It is due to our remembrance of good things, due to our remembrance of God. If we continually remember God, we cannot remember those things also.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 63 →
Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 63 354–430
"So I will speak good of You in my life, and in Your name I will lift up my hands" [Psalms 63:5].
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 63 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 63:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

My soul shall be satisfied as [with] marrow and fatness,.... When he should return to the house of the Lord, and partake of the provisions of it, called the fatness of his house, [See comments on Psalms 36:8].

Read John Gill on Psalms 63 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness; and my mouth shall praise thee with joyful lips: My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness - I shall enjoy a spiritual feast of good

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 63 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

When thou shalt fulfil my earnest desire of enjoying thee in the sanctuary; though now in my exile I groan and pine away for want of that mercy.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 63 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 63:5 My soul shall be satisfied as [with] marrow and fatness; and my mouth shall praise [thee] with joyful lips:Ver. 5. My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness] Heb. as with fatness and fatness; bis, ad corroborandum, saith Aben Ezra, q.d. I shall be top full of comfort, animo adipe et medullis sanctissimarum deliciarum tuarum saginato. A soul taken up with God’ s praises cannot but over abound exceedingly with joy, Ita ut inter Dei laudationem et nostram consolationem sit quasi circulus perpetuus et infinitus, saith one; praises increase joy, and joy causeth perpetual praises. And my mouth shall praise thee with joyful lips] Heb. with lips of jubilations or…

Read John Trapp on Psalms 63 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(5) Satisfied.—This image of a banquet, which repeats itself so frequently in Scripture, need not be connected with the sacrificial feasts.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 63 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 5. My soul shall be satisfied] I shall have, in the true worshipping of thee, as complete a sensation of spiritual sufficiency and happiness, so that no desire shall be left unsatisfied, as any man can have who enjoys health of body, and a fulness of all the necessaries, conveniences, and comforts of life.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 63 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

5. God feeds the hungry soul with rich and bountiful food (Deuteronomy 32:14; Psalms 22:26; Psalms 23:5; Psalms 36:8; Isaiah 25:6; Isaiah 55:2; Jeremiah 31:14). Though the language may be derived from the sacrificial feasts, it is indifferent to strict ritual precision, for the fat (A.V. here marrow) was never to be eaten, but was to be burnt on the altar as God’s portion (Leviticus 3:16-17).

Read Cambridge on Psalms 63 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

My soul shall be satisfied - See the notes at Psalms 36:8. The idea is, that his soul now longed for the service of God as one who is hungry longs for food, or as one who is thirsty longs for drink;

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 63 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

My soul is satisfied as with the richest of foods; with joyful lips my mouth will praise You.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

My soul shall be satisfied as with the richest food. My mouth shall praise you with joyful lips,

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

My soul is satisfied as with the richest of foods; with joyful lips my mouth will praise You.

NETBNew English Translation2006

As if with choice meat you satisfy my soul. My mouth joyfully praises you,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness; and my mouth shall praise thee with joyful lips:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness; And my mouth shall praise thee with joyful lips;

RVARevised Version, American1894

My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness; and my mouth shall praise thee with joyful lips;

NWBWebster's Bible1833

My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness; and my mouth shall praise thee with joyful lips:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

My soule shalbe satisfied, as with marowe and fatnesse, and my mouth shall praise thee with ioyfull lippes,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

My soul is satisfied as with marrow and fatness, and my mouth shall praise [thee] with joyful lips.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

As [with] milk and fatness is my soul satisfied, And [with] singing lips doth my mouth praise.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

As [with] milk and fatness is my soul satisfied, || And [with] singing lips my mouth praises.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(63:6) As with fat and marrow will my soul be satisfied; and with tuneful lips shall my mouth praise thee.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

It will be as if I ate a meal of marrow and fatness; with joyful lips my mouth will praise you,

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

To shoot in secret the undefiled.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

You satisfy me more than the richest food; I will praise you with joyful songs.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

My soul will be comforted, as with good food; and my mouth will give you praise with songs of joy;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalכְּמ֤וֹlikenoun phraseחֵ֣לֶבfatוָ֭andדֶשֶׁןfatnessverbתִּשְׂבַּ֣עit.will.be.satisfiednoun phrase · subjectנַפְשִׁ֑selfיmyוְandclausenoun phrase · adverbialשִׂפְתֵ֥יlipsרְ֝נָנ֗וֹתof.cries.of.joyverbיְהַלֶּלit.will.praise.[you]noun phrase · subjectפִּֽmouthיmy

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: כְּמ֤וֹ חֵ֣לֶב וָ֭דֶשֶׁן תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע נַפְשִׁ֑י וְשִׂפְתֵ֥י רְ֝נָנ֗וֹת יְהַלֶּל־ פִּֽי׃. The Septuagint aligns closely with this text, with 8 of the 9 words matched, indicating a strong agreement between these ancient witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

כְּמ֤וֹ חֵ֣לֶב וָ֭דֶשֶׁן תִּשְׂבַּ֣ע נַפְשִׁ֑י וְשִׂפְתֵ֥י רְ֝נָנ֗וֹת יְהַלֶּל־ פִּֽי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
כְּמ֤וֹοὕτωςחֵ֣לֶבεὐλογήσωוָ֭דֶשֶׁןἐνתִּשְׂבַּ֣עζωῇנַפְשִׁ֑יἐνוְשִׂפְתֵ֥יσουרְ֝נָנ֗וֹתἀρῶפִּֽי׃μου

8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 63:5כְּמוֹlikelikeכְּמוֹחֵ֫לֶבfatfatחֵ֫לֶבדֶּ֫שֶׁןand fatnessand fatnessדֶּ֫שֶׁןשָׂבֵעַit will be it will be satiשָׂבֵעַנֶ֫פֶשׁself myself myנֶ֫פֶשׁשָׂפָהand lips ofand lips ofשָׂפָהרְנָנָהcries of jocries of joyרְנָנָההָלַלit will prait will praise הָלַלפֶּהmouth mymouth myפֶּהדָּשֵׁןto prosperto prosperדָּשֵׁןנָפַשׁbe refreshbe refreshedנָפַשׁסָפָהto snatchto snatchסָפָהרוּןto overcomto overcomeרוּןפָּאָהto cleaveto cleaveפָּאָהכֵּןrightrightכֵּןחֹ֫מֶרclayclayחֹ֫מֶרכִּלְיָהkidneykidneyכִּלְיָהקָטַרto offer: to offer: burnקָטַרשֶׁ֫פֶךְpouringpouringשֶׁ֫פֶךְרָוָהto quenchto quenchרָוָהלֶ֫חֶםfoodfoodלֶ֫חֶםפֶּן־lestlestפֶּן־בָּקַשׁto seekto seekבָּקַשׁחַיalivealiveחַייְרִיעָהcurtaincurtainיְרִיעָהלָשׁוֹןtonguetongueלָשׁוֹןשִׂמְחָהjoyjoyשִׂמְחָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 63:5

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

like fat and fatness it will be satisfied self my and lips of cries of joy it will praise [you] mouth my
כְּמ֤וֹke.Mo like H3644 Preposition
143× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means like or as, used to compare things. It appears in the Bible to describe similarities or to make comparisons, such as in the book of Psalms.
Tyndale gloss
like
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3644 kmow kem-o'

or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used

separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)

as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),

thus, when, worth.

see HEBREW for 03651

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.

adv

1) like, as, the like of which

conj

2) when, according as, as it were

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.

Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
like fat and fatness it will be satisfied self my and lips of cries of joy it will praise [you] mouth my
חֵ֣לֶבChe.lev fat H2459 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
92× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, cheleb refers to fat, whether literal or figurative, representing the richest or best part of something. It can describe the choicest products of the land or the best of human or animal fat. This term is used to convey abundance and richness.
Tyndale gloss
fat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֵ֫לֶב (cheleb) means fat, referring to both human and animal fat, as well as the choicest parts of agricultural products. It conveys the idea of richness or abundance, highlighting the best or finest portions. The entries consistently emphasize its literal and figurative uses, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֵ֫לֶב n.m. fat

fat of human body

fat of beasts

choicest, best part of products of land

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2459 חֵ֫לֶב fat . fat of human body

. fat of beasts

. choicest, best part of products of land

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2459 cheleb kheh'-leb

or cheleb {khay'-leb}; from an unused root meaning to be fat;

fat, whether literally or figuratively; hence, the richest or

choice part:--X best, fat(-ness), X finest, grease, marrow.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֵ֫לֶב (che.lev) — fat.

1) fat

1a) fat (of humans)

1b) fat (of beasts)

1c) choicest, best part, abundance (of products of the land)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

(chelebh, chelebh): The layer of subcutaneous fat and the compact suet surrounding the viscera and imbedded in the entrails, which, like the blood, was forbidden as food in the Mosaic code (Le 3:17). It was to be sacrificed to God by being burnt upon the altar (Le 3:16; 30). This had to be done on the very day on which a beast had been slaughtered, to remove temptation from the Israelite to use it otherwise (Ex 23:18). The law was probably a sanitary restriction, for, at an early date, leprosy, scrofula and disfiguring cutaneous diseases were thought to be caused by the use of fat as food. It was, moreover, an important pedagogical provision teaching the idea of self-denial, and the maxim that the richest and best meat of the…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Fat

(Heb. heleb) denotes the richest part of the animal, or the fattest of the flock, in the account of Abel’s sacrifice (Gen. 4:4). It sometimes denotes the best of any production (Gen. 45:18; Num. 18:12; Ps. 81:16; 147:47). The fat of sacrifices was to be burned (Lev. 3:9-11; 4:8; 7:3; 8:25; Num. 18:17. Comp. Ex. 29:13-22; Lev. 3:3-5).

It is used figuratively for a dull, stupid state of mind (Ps 17:10).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

i.e. VAT, the word employed in the Authorized Version to translate the Hebrew term yekeb , in (Joel 2:24; 3:13) The word commonly used for yekeb is "winepress" or "winefat," and once "pressfat." (Haggai 2:16) The "vats" appear to have been excavated out of the native rock of the hills on which the vineyards lay.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The fat portions of animals offered in sacrifice were always to be consumed, as being the choice part and especially sacred to the Lord. The blood was also sacred, as containing the life of the animal. The Jews were forbidden to eat either, Le 3:16,17; 7:23-27.

like fat and fatness it will be satisfied self my and lips of cries of joy it will praise [you] mouth my
וָ֭דֶשֶׁןVa.de.shen and fatness H1880 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to the ashes of sacrifices, mixed with fat, or to abundance and fertility, like the fatness of the land in Psalm 65. It symbolizes God's blessing and provision. The word is used to describe the richness of God's creation.
Tyndale gloss
ashes
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דֶּ֫שֶׁן (deshen) refers to fatness or abundance, often in a figurative sense, and specifically to the fatty ashes of sacrifices. It encompasses meanings related to fertility and blessing, as well as the ashes mixed with fat from victims. The word is derived from a root that emphasizes the concept of fat.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דֶּ֫שֶׁן n.m. fatness, fat ashes

fatness, abundance, luxuriance, oil

fat ashes; i.e. ashes of victims, mixed with fat

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1880 דֶּ֫שֶׁן fatness, fat ashes . fatness, abundance, luxuriance, oil

. fat ashes; i.e. ashes of victims, mixed with fat

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1880 deshen deh'-shen

from 1878; the fat; abstractly fatness, i.e. (figuratively)

abundance; specifically the (fatty) ashes of sacrifices:--

ashes, fatness.

see HEBREW for 01878

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דֶּ֫שֶׁן (de.shen) — ashes.

1) fat ashes, fatness

1a) fatness

1a1) of fertility

1a2) of blessing (fig.)

1b) fat ashes (ashes of victims, mixed with the fat)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncmsa — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

fat'-nes (deshen; piotes):

1. Literal:

The translation of deshen (Jud 9:9, "But the olive-tree said unto them, Should I leave my fatness?"; Job 36:16 (of food)), "full of fatness"; of chelebh, "fat," "the best part," "the marrow" (Job 15:27; Ps 73:7; Isa 34:6,7); of mishman, "fathess," "fertility" (Ge 27:28, "the fatness of the earth"; Isa 17:4, "the fatness of his flesh"); of shemen, "fatness," "oil" (Ps 109:24); of piotes, "fat," "fatness" (

like fat and fatness it will be satisfied self my and lips of cries of joy it will praise [you] mouth my
תִּשְׂבַּ֣עtis.Ba' it will be satisfied H7646 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singular
97× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To satisfy means to fill someone with enough of something, like food or desire, and can also mean to have too much of something.
Tyndale gloss
to satisfy
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׂבֵעַ (saba`) means to be sated or satisfied, particularly in relation to food. It can also imply having one's desires fulfilled or being surfeited with excess. The verb has various forms, including Qal, Piel, and Hiphil, which cover meanings from simply being full to enriching or satisfying others. The entries indicate a focus on both literal and figurative senses of satisfaction.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׂבֵעַ], שָׂבַע 96 vb. be sated, satisfied, surfeited

Qal 79

be sated (with food), esp. human subj.

more gen., be sated, have desire satisfied

have in excess, be surfeited with

Niph. Pt. sated

Pi. satisfy

Hiph.

satisfy (esp. with material blessings), subj. י׳

c. acc. of food pers., י׳ subj.

י׳ subj.

י׳ subj., c. acc. of beasts

enrich

sate, glut (with the undesired)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7646 שָׂבֵעַ, שָׂבַע be sated, satisfied, surfeited .. be sated (with food), esp. human subj.

. more gen., be sated, have desire satisfied

. have in excess, be surfeited with

. Pt. sated

. satisfy

. . . satisfy (esp. with material blessings), subj. י׳

. c. acc. of food + pers., י׳ subj.

. י׳ subj.

. י׳ subj., c. acc. of beasts

. enrich

. sate, glut (with the undesired)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7646 saba` saw-bah'

or sabeay {saw-bay'-ah}; a primitive root; to sate, i.e. fill

to satisfaction (literally or figuratively):--have enough,

fill (full, self, with), be (to the) full (of), have plenty

of, be satiate, satisfy (with), suffice, be weary of.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׂבֵעַ (sa.va) — to satisfy.

1) to be satisfied, be sated, be fulfilled, be surfeited

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be sated (with food)

1a2) to be sated, be satisfied with, be fulfilled, be filled, have one's fill of (have desire satisfied)

1a3) to have in excess, be surfeited, be surfeited with

1a3a) to be weary of (fig)

1b) (Piel) to satisfy

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to satisfy

1c2) to enrich

1c3) to sate, glut (with the undesired)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3fs — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singular
HVqi3fs
like fat and fatness it will be satisfied self my and lips of cries of joy it will praise [you] mouth my
נַפְשִׁ֑יnaf.Shi self my H5315 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
754× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for soul or living being, used in the Bible to describe the essence of a person or animal. It encompasses the ideas of life, breath, and vitality, and is translated as 'soul' or 'creature' in the KJV. This word is central to biblical concepts of humanity and existence.
Tyndale gloss
soul
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נֶ֫פֶשׁ (*nephesh*) broadly means 'soul' or 'living being,' encompassing concepts like life, self, person, desire, and emotion. It is derived from the root meaning 'to breathe' and signifies both physical and mental aspects of existence. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, including as the seat of appetites and emotions, though its application to will and character is uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫פֶשׁ 756 n.f. soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion

= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

The נפשׁ becomes a living being

The נפשׁ is specif.

The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

נ׳ in D

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5315 נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion . = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

. The נפשׁ becomes a living being

. The נפשׁ is specif.

. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

. נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

. נ׳ in D

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5315 nephesh neh'-fesh

from 5314; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of

(abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal,

accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental):--any,

appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire,

X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y),

(hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me,

mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-,

thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they,

thing, (X she) will, X would have it.

see HEBREW for 05314

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

1g1) uncertain

1h) activity of the will

1h1) uncertain

1i) activity of the character

1i1) uncertain

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul: life.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfsc/Sp1bs — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp1bs
like fat and fatness it will be satisfied self my and lips of cries of joy it will praise [you] mouth my
וְשִׂפְתֵ֥יve.sif.Tei and lips of H8193 Conjunction · noun common feminine dual construct
176× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to lips or language, and can also mean the edge or border of something. It is used in the Bible to describe the shore of a sea or the edge of a cup.
Tyndale gloss
lips
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׂפָה (*saphah*) encompasses meanings related to 'lip,' 'speech,' and 'edge.' It is derived from concepts of termination, suggesting boundaries like the edge of a vessel or the bank of a river. The word can refer to physical lips, language, or the edges of various objects, including shores.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׂפָה 176 n.f. lip, speech, edge

lip

language

edge: shore of sea; bank of river

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8193 שָׂפָה lip, speech, edge . lip

. language

. edge: shore of sea; bank of river

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8193 saphah saw-faw'

or (in dual and plural) sepheth {sef-eth'}; probably from

5595 or 8192 through the idea of termination (compare 5490);

the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by

analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.):--band,

bank, binding, border, brim, brink, edge, language, lip,

prating, ((sea-))shore, side, speech, talk, (vain) words.

see HEBREW for 05595

see HEBREW for 08192

see HEBREW for 05490

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lips.

: lips/mouth

1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding

1a) lip (as body part)

1b) language

1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)

שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lip: words.

: words/language

1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding

1a) lip (as body part)

1b) language

1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)

שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lip: edge.

: edge/border/opening

1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding

1a) lip (as body part)

1b) language

1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)

שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lip: shore.

: shore/bank(of_sea/river)

1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding

1a) lip (as body part)

1b) language

1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncfdc — Conjunction · noun common feminine dual construct
HC/Ncfdc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

like fat and fatness it will be satisfied self my and lips of cries of joy it will praise [you] mouth my
רְ֝נָנ֗וֹתre.na.Not cries of joy H7445 Noun common · feminine plural absolute
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a triumphant shout for joy, like the joyful singing in Psalm 100. It's about celebrating with a loud, ringing cry. In the Bible, it's often used to describe worship and praise.
Tyndale gloss
triumphing
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רְנָנָה (rənānā) refers to a joyful shout or exultation. It is derived from the root word meaning to shout or sing, and encompasses expressions of joy and triumph. The entries highlight its use in contexts of joyful voices and singing, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רְנָנָה n.f. id. [t.de.ab]; exultation

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7445 רְנָנָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7445 rnanah ren-aw-naw'

from 7442; a shout (for joy):--joyful (voice), singing,

triumphing.

see HEBREW for 07442

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רְנָנָה (re.na.nah) — triumphing.

ringing cry, shout (for joy)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfpa — Noun common · feminine plural absolute
HNcfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

joi (simchah; chara):

1. Terms:

The idea of joy is expressed in the Old Testament by a wealth of synonymous terms that cannot easily be differentiated. The commonest is simchah (1Sa 18:6, etc.), variously translated in English Versions of the Bible "joy," "gladness," "mirth"; from sameah, properly "to be bright," "to shine" (Pr 13:9, "The light of the righteous rejoiceth," literally, "is bright"), but generally used figuratively "to rejoice," "be glad" (Le 23:40 and very frequent).

Other nouns are masos and sason, both from sus, properly "to spring," "leap," hence, "exult," "rejoice"; rinnah, "shouting." "joy"; gil, from verb gil or gul, "to go in a circle," hence, "be excited" (dancing round for joy), "rejoice." In the New…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Attributed to God De 28:63; 30:9; Jer 32:41

→ In heaven Lu 15:10-32

→ UNCLASSIFIED SCRIPTURES RELATING TO De 12:18; 1Sa 2:1; 1Ch 16:27; 2Ch 7:10; Ezr 6:22; Ne 8:10,12; 12:43; Job 8:21; 22:21,26; 33:26; Ps 2:11; 4:7; 5:11; 9:2,14; 13:5; 14:7; 16:5,6,8,9,11; 17:15; 19:8; 20:5; 21:1,6; 28:7…

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- God gives

Ec 2:26; Ps 4:7

- Christ appointed to give

Isa 61:3

- Is a fruit of the Spirit

Ga 5:22

- The gospel, good tidings of

Lu 2:10,11

- God's word affords

Ne 8:12; Jer 15:16

- The gospel to be received with

1Th 1:6

- Promised to saints

Ps 132:16; Isa 35:10; 55:12; 56:7

- Prepared for saints

Ps 97:11

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
like fat and fatness it will be satisfied self my and lips of cries of joy it will praise [you] mouth my
יְהַלֶּל־ye.ha.lel- it will praise [you] H1984 Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine singular
165× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To be foolish means to act wildly or make a show, like the prophets of Baal in 1 Kings 18:29. It can also mean to celebrate or boast, as in Psalm 38:5.
Tyndale gloss
to shine
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָלַל (halal) is a primitive root that encompasses meanings related to shining, boasting, and foolishness. It can signify to praise or celebrate, often in a clamorously foolish manner, and includes the idea of making a boast or being made a fool of. The entries indicate a range of uses, from expressing God's favor to acting madly.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[הָלַל] vb. shine

Qal when it, viz. his lamp, shone upon my head, fig. of God’s favour.

Hiph. flash forth light

base

[הָלַל] vb. be boastful, Pi. praise

Qal be boastful

Pi.

praise man or woman

usually praise י׳

appar. boast, make one’s boast

Pu. be praised

Hithpa. glory, boast, make one’s boast

Po‛el make into a fool, make a fool of

Po‛al of laughter I said, It is mad (folly)

Hithpo. act madly, or like a madman

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1984a הָלַל shine H1984b הָלַל be boastful, Pi. praise H1984c הָלַל be boastful, Pi. praise .be boastful

. . praise man or woman

. usually praise י׳

. appar. boast, make one’s boast

. be praised

. glory, boast, make one’s boast

.make into a fool, make a fool of

.of laughter I said, It is mad (folly)

. act madly, or like a madman

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1984 halal haw-lal'

a primitive root; to be clear (orig. of sound, but usually of

color); to shine; hence, to make a show, to boast; and thus to

be (clamorously) foolish; to rave; causatively, to celebrate;

also to stultify:--(make) boast (self), celebrate, commend,

(deal, make), fool(- ish, -ly), glory, give (light), be (make,

feign self) mad (against), give in marriage, (sing, be worthy

of) praise, rage, renowned, shine.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָלַל (ha.lal) — to shine.

1) to shine

1a) (Qal) to shine (fig. of God's favour)

1b) (Hiphil) to flash forth light

הָלַל (ha.lal) — to boast: praise.

: praise

1) to praise, boast, be boastful

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be boastful

1a2) boastful ones, boasters (participle)

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to praise

1b2) to boast, make a boast

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to be praised, be made praiseworthy, be commended, be worthy of praise

1d) (Hithpael) to boast, glory, make one's boast

הָלַל (ha.lal) — to be foolish.

1) (Poel) to make a fool of, make into a fool

1f) (Hithpoel) to act madly, act like a madman

הָלַל (ha.lal) — to boast: boast.

: boast

1) to praise, boast, be boastful

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be boastful

1a2) boastful ones, boasters (participle)

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to praise

1b2) to boast, make a boast

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to be praised, be made praiseworthy, be commended, be worthy of praise

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVpi3ms — Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVpi3ms
like fat and fatness it will be satisfied self my and lips of cries of joy it will praise [you] mouth my
פִּֽי׃Pi mouth my H6310 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
498× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word refers to the mouth, lips, or edge of something, and can also mean a portion or side of something. It is often used to describe speech or the act of speaking. This word appears in various forms, such as mouth, lip, or edge.
Tyndale gloss
lip
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פֶּה (*peh*) means 'mouth' and encompasses various meanings, including the mouth of a person or animal, as well as openings or orifices. It can also refer to speech, edges, and portions. Additionally, it denotes a weight equal to one third of a shekel, found in 1 Samuel 13:21.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֶּה 485 n.m. mouth

mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking

external organ

much oftener, as organ of speech, of man

as laughing; panting

of God

of idols

of musical instr. = sound

of animals; hence of edge of sword

mouth = opening, orifice

extremity, end

= portion

with preps.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6310 פֶּה mouth . . mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking

. external organ

. . much oftener, as organ of speech, of man

. as laughing; panting

. of God

. of idols

. of musical instr. = sound

. of animals

. mouth = opening, orifice

. . extremity, end

. = portion

. with preps.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6310 peh peh

from 6284; the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether

literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically

edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition)

according to:--accord(-ing as, -ing to), after, appointment,

assent, collar, command(-ment), X eat, edge, end, entry, +

file, hole, X in, mind, mouth, part, portion, X (should)

say(-ing), sentence, skirt, sound, speech, X spoken, talk,

tenor, X to, + two-edged, wish, word.

see HEBREW for 06284

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֶּה (peh) — lip.

: lip/mouth

peh

1) mouth

1a) mouth (of man)

1b) mouth (as organ of speech)

1c) mouth (of animals)

1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)

1e) extremity, end pim

2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21

פֶּה (peh) — lip: edge.

: edge

peh

1) mouth

1a) mouth (of man)

1b) mouth (as organ of speech)

1c) mouth (of animals)

1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)

1e) extremity, end pim

2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21

פֶּה (peh) — lip: word.

: word/command

peh

1) mouth

1a) mouth (of man)

1b) mouth (as organ of speech)

1c) mouth (of animals)

1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)

1e) extremity, end pim

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp1bs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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