Psalms 80:11 — Word Study
WLCתְּשַׁלַּ֣ח קְצִירֶ֣הָ עַד־ יָ֑ם וְאֶל־ נָ֝הָ֗ר יֽוֹנְקוֹתֶֽיהָ׃
BSAto coverkâçâh mountainhar shadowtsêl branchʻânâph cedarʼerez godʼêl
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| תְּשַׁלַּ֣ח | it stretched out | Verb, Piel, imperfect third person feminine singular |
| קְצִירֶ֣הָ | branch[es] its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| עַד־ | to | Preposition |
| יָ֑ם | [the] sea | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְאֶל־ | and to | Conjunction, preposition |
| נָ֝הָ֗ר | [the] river | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| יֽוֹנְקוֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | young shoots its | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | It sent out its branches to the Sea, and its shoots toward the River. |
| KJV | She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river. |
| ASV | It sent out its branches unto the sea, And its shoots unto the River. |
| YLT | It sendeth forth its branches unto the sea, And unto the river its sucklings. |
| WEB | It sent out its branches to the sea, its shoots to the River. |
| BBE | It sent out its arms to the Sea, and its branches to the River. |
Where they part company is קְצִירֶ֣הָ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main verb with two prepositional phrases indicating direction, emphasizing the duality of the plant's growth.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbכָּסָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 80:11
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Reflection on Growth and Abundancegenerated
Psalm 80:11 illustrates the flourishing of a vine or tree, which sends out its branches to the sea and its shoots toward the river. This imagery evokes a sense of vitality and connection to life-giving waters, symbolizing abundance and prosperity. The surrounding verses emphasize the importance of this growth in the context of divine care and protection.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 72:8 | May he rule from sea to sea, and from the Euphrates to the ends of the earth. |
| 2 | Genesis 15:18 | On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, “To your descendants I have given this land—from the river of Egypt to the great River Euphrates— |
| 3 | Exodus 23:31 | And I will establish your borders from the Red Sea to the Sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the Euphrates. For I will deliver the inhabitants into your hand, and you will drive them out before you. |
| 4 | 1 Kings 4:21–24 | And Solomon reigned over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt. These kingdoms offered tribute and served Solomon all the days of his life. |
| 5 | 1 Chronicles 18:3 | As far as Hamath, David also defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah, who had marched out to establish his dominion along the Euphrates River. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תְּשַׁלַּ֣ח, te.sha.Lachgenerated
The verb שָׁלַח (shalach) is a Piel form meaning 'to send out' or 'to stretch out'. It conveys the action of extending or reaching, often with a sense of purpose. In this verse, it describes the act of the plant reaching towards the sea, indicating both physical growth and the pursuit of nourishment.
The use of this verb captures the dynamic nature of growth, suggesting that the vine is not merely growing but actively reaching out to connect with vital resources, such as water from the sea and the river. This reflects a broader biblical theme of reliance on divine provision.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb תְּשַׁלַּ֣ח governs the entire verse, indicating the action of sending out. The structure includes a noun phrase as the object, followed by two prepositional phrases that specify the directions of the branches and shoots.
The order of the phrases highlights the dual direction of growth: towards the sea and the river, suggesting a comprehensive reach towards both western and eastern sources of life.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb תְּשַׁלַּ֣ח is rendered as ἐκάλυψεν (ekalupsen), meaning 'to cover' or 'to overshadow'. This choice may suggest a broader interpretation of the vine's growth, emphasizing its ability to envelop and provide shade.
This translation reflects a shift from the active sending out of branches to a more passive covering, which could imply a different aspect of the vine's relationship with its environment.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 80:11 describes a plant that stretches out its branches to the sea and its shoots toward the river. This imagery represents growth and abundance, showing how the plant reaches for vital resources. The verse reflects a theme of divine care and the flourishing of life.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It symbolizes the plant's growth and its connection to abundant resources, suggesting prosperity and vitality.
The river represents another source of life and nourishment, emphasizing the idea of reaching out to multiple vital resources.
The surrounding verses discuss divine protection and care, making the imagery of growth a reflection of God's provision for His people.
The imagery encourages us to seek growth and connection to life-giving resources, much like the plant reaching out to the sea and river.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to reach out for nourishment and support?
- How can I cultivate growth in my own life, similar to the plant in this verse?
- What does it mean for me to rely on divine provision in my daily life?
- How can I encourage others to grow and reach for their own sources of life?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 80:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleShe sent out her boughs unto the sea,.... The Mediterranean, or midland sea, which was the border of the land of Canaan to the west: and her branches unto the river; the river Euphrates, which was
Read John Gill on Psalms 80 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryShe sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river. She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 80 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey possessed or subdued the whole land from the midland sea to the river Euphrates; which were the bounds allotted to them by God, .
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 80 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 80:11 She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river.Ver. 11. She sent out her boughs unto the sea] The midland sea. And her branches unto the river] Euphrates. This was first done in David’ s days.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 80 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(11) The sea . . . the river—i.e., the Mediterranean and the Euphrates, the limits of the Solomonic empire. (See Deuteronomy 11:24; comp. Genesis 28:14; Joshua 1:4.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 80 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 11. She sent out her boughs unto the sea and her branches unto the river.] The Israelitish empire extended from the River Euphrates on the east to the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and from the same Euphrates on the north of the promised land to its farthest extent on the south; Syria bounding the north, and Arabia and Egypt the south. And this was according to the promises which God had made to the fathers, Exodus 23:31; Deuteronomy 11:24.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 80 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges11. She sent out her branches unto the sea, And her shoots unto the River (R.V.), spreading westward to the Mediterranean, and eastward to the Euphrates, boundaries approximately realised in the time of David and Solomon. See Psalms 72:8; Genesis 15:18; Exodus 23:31; Deuteronomy 11:24; 2 Samuel 8:6; 1 Kings 4:24.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 80 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleShe sent out her boughs unto the sea - To the Mediterranean Sea on the one side. And her branches - Her sucklings.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 80 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
It sent out its branches to the Sea, and its shoots toward the River.
It sent out its branches to the sea, its shoots to the River.
It sent out its branches to the Sea, and its shoots toward the River.
Its branches reached the Mediterranean Sea, and its shoots the Euphrates River.
Tyndale line
She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river.
It sent out its branches unto the sea, And its shoots unto the River.
She sent out her branches unto the sea, and her shoots unto the River.
She sent out her boughs to the sea, and her branches to the river.
Shee stretched out her branches vnto the Sea, and her boughes vnto the Riuer.
Strictly literal
It sent out its boughs unto the sea, and its shoots unto the river.
It sendeth forth its branches unto the sea, And unto the river its sucklings.
It sends forth its branches to the sea, || And its shoots to the river.
(80:12) It sent out its tendrils as far as the sea, and unto the river its suckers.
It sent out its branches as far as the sea and its shoots to the Euphrates River.
From the Latin
For I am the Lord thy God, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt: open thy mouth wide, and I will fill it.
Simplified
It sent its branches as far west as the Mediterranean Sea, and its shoots as far east as the Euphrates River.
It sent out its arms to the Sea, and its branches to the River.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in the wording of this verse, with all seven words matched. This indicates a strong consistency in the transmission of this text across different traditions.
תְּשַׁלַּ֣ח קְצִירֶ֣הָ עַד־ יָ֑ם וְאֶל־ נָ֝הָ֗ר יֽוֹנְקוֹתֶֽיהָ׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 80:11
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שָׁלַח (shalach) is a primitive root meaning 'to send' with a wide range of applications. It can refer to sending away, stretching out (especially a hand), or letting go. The entries indicate various forms, including sending off, casting out, and setting free. Notably, it can also imply divorce or being sent away in a marital context.
שָׁלַח 814 vb. send
Qal
send: human subj.
send: subj. י׳ (God)
stretch out, esp. acc. hand
rarely send away: human subj.
let loose
Niph. letters were sent
Pi.
send off, away, human subj.
send away, subj. י׳
give over
cast out
send out, forth
let go, set free
shoot forth branches
let down
shoot
Phrases
Pu. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
Hiph. and I (י׳) will send
base
H7971 שָׁלַח send .. send: human subj.
. send: subj. י׳ (God)
. stretch out, esp. acc. hand
. rarely send away: human subj.
. let loose
. letters were sent
. . send off, away, human subj.
. . send away, subj. י׳
. give over
. cast out
. send out, forth
. let go, set free
. shoot forth branches
. let down
. shoot
. Phrases
. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
. and I (י׳) will send
7971 shalach shaw-lakh'
a primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great
variety of applications):--X any wise, appoint, bring (on the
way), cast (away, out), conduct, X earnestly, forsake, give
(up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose),
push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send
(away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread,
stretch forth (out).
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: depart.
: depart/send
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled
1e) (Hiphil) to send
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: let go.
: let_go/free
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
HVpi3fs — Verb · Piel · imperfect third person feminine singularHVpi3fs
קָצִיר (qatsiyr) refers to the act of harvesting or the harvest itself, encompassing the process, the crop, and the time of harvest. It can also denote boughs or branches of trees. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to sever,' indicating its connection to reaping.
קָצִיר n.m. harvesting, harvest
process of harvesting
what is reaped, harvested, crop
time of harvest
base
קָצִיר n.m. usually coll., boughs, branches
base
H7105a קָצִיר harvesting, harvest H7105b קָצִיר usually coll., boughs, branches
7105 qatsiyr kaw-tseer'
from 7114; severed, i.e. harvest (as reaped), the crop, the
time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb (of a tree, or
simply foliage):--bough, branch, harvest (man).
see HEBREW for 07114
קָצִיר (qa.tsir) — harvest.
1) harvest, harvesting
1a) process of harvesting
1b) crop, what is harvested or reaped
1c) time of harvest
קָצִיר (qa.tsir) — foliage.
boughs, branches
HNcmpc/Sp3fs — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
HR — PrepositionHR
יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.
יָם 390 n.m. sea
base
H3220 יָם sea
3220 yam yawm
from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in
noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the
article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or
an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the
south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,
side, -ward).
יָם (yam) — sea.
: sea
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — sea: west.
: west
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.
This name means sea, seaward, westward
Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
se (yam; thalassa; in Ac 27:5 pelagos): The Mediterranean is called ha-yam ha-gadhol, "the great sea" (Nu 34:6; Jos 1:4; Eze 47:10, etc.); ha-yam ha-'acharon, "the hinder," or "western sea" (De 11:24; 34:2; Joe 2:20; Zec 14:8); yam pelishtim, "the sea of the Philis" (Ex 23:31); the King James Version translates yam yapho' in Ezr 3:7 by "sea of Joppa," perhaps rightly.
The sea, yam , is used in Scripture to denote-- "The gathering of the waters," "the Ocean." (Genesis 1:2,10; 30:13) etc. Some portion of this, as the Mediterranean Sea, called the "hinder," the "western" and the "utmost" sea, (11:24; 34:2; Joel 2:20) "sea of the Philistines," (Exodus 23:31) "the great sea," (Numbers 36:6,7; Joshua 15:47) "the sea." Genesis49:13; Psal 80:11 Also frequently of the Red Sea. (Exodus 15:4) [RED SEA SEA] Inland lakes termed seas, as the Salt or Dead Sea. [See the special article] Any…
The Hebrews give the name of sea to any large collection of water, Job 14:11; as to the lakes of Tiberias and Asphaltites, and also to the rivers Nile and Euphrates, Isa 11:15 18:2 21:1 Jer 51:36,42. The principal seas mentioned in Scripture are the following:
1. The GREAT SEA, the Mediterranean, called also the Hinder or Western Sea. Indeed, the Hebrew word for sea, meaning the Mediterranean, is often put for the west. The Great Sea is 2,200 miles long, and in the widest part 1,200 miles in width. In many places it is so deep as to give no soundings. It is little affected by tides, but is often agitated by violent winds. The prevailing direction of the wind in spring is from the southeast and southwest and from the northeast…
→ Creation of Ge 1:9,10; Ps 95:5; 148:4,5
→ Lake Galilee calmed by Jesus Mt 8:24-26; Mr 4:37-39
→ Jesus walked upon Lake Galilee Mt 14:25-31
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
HC/R — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
נָהָר (nahar) means 'stream' or 'river' and can refer to various water bodies, including the Nile and Euphrates. It also has a figurative sense of prosperity. The word is derived from a root meaning related to flowing water and has an Aramaic equivalent, נְהַר (ne.har).
נָהָר 120 n.m. stream, river
base
H5104 נָהָר stream, river
5104 nahar naw-hawr'
from 5102; a stream (including the sea; expec. the Nile,
Euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity:--flood, river.
see HEBREW for 05102
נָהָר (na.har) — River.
This name means stream, river
Another name of pe.rat (פְּרָת "Euphrates" H6578)
נָהָר (na.har) — river.
1) stream, river
1a) stream, river
1b) (underground) streams
Aramaic equivalent: ne.har (נְהַר "river" H5103H)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
riv'-er:
(1) The usual word is nahar (Aramaic nehar (Ezr 4:10, etc.)), used of the rivers of Eden (Ge 2:10-14), often of the Euphrates (Ge 15:18, etc.), of Abana and Pharpar (2Ki 5:12), the river of Gozan (2Ki 17:6), the river Chebar (Eze 1:1), the rivers (canals?) of Babylon (Ps 137:1), the rivers of Ethiopia (Isa 18:1; Ze 3:10). Compare nahr, the common Arabic word for "river."
River
(1.) Heb. ‘aphik, properly the channel or ravine that holds water (2 Sam. 22:16), translated “brook,” “river,” “stream,” but not necessarily a perennial stream (Ezek. 6:3; 31:12; 32:6; 34:13).
(2.) Heb. nahal, in winter a “torrent,” in summer a “wady” or valley (Gen. 32:23; Deut. 2:24; 3:16; Isa. 30:28; Lam. 2:18; Ezek. 47:9).
These winter torrents sometimes come down with great suddenness and with desolating force. A distinguished traveller thus describes his experience in this matter…
In the sense in which we employ the word viz. for a perennial stream of considerable size, a river is a much rarer object in the East than in the West. With the exception of the Jordan and the Litany, the streams of the holy land are either entirely dried up in the summer months converted into hot lanes of glaring stones, or else reduced to very small streamlets, deeply sunk in a narrow bed, and concealed from view by a dense growth of shrubs. The perennial river is called nahar by the Hebrews. With the definite article, "the river," it signifies invariably the Euphrates. (Genesis 31:21; Exodus 23:31; Numbers 24:6; 2 Samuel 10:16) etc. It is never applied to the fleeting…
This word answers in our Bible to various Hebrew terms, of which the principal are the following:
1. Yeor, an Egyptian word signifying river. It is always applied to the Nile and its various canals, except in Job 28:10 Da 12:5,6,7 2. Nahar, applied, like our word river, to constantly flowing streams, such as the Euphrates. In our version this word is sometimes rendered "flood," Jos 24:2,3, etc.
3. Nahal, a torrent-bed, or valley through which water flows in the rainy season only, Nu 34:5, etc; frequently rendered "brook," Nu 13:28 Job 6:15, etc. Such streams are to the…
יוֹנֶ֫קֶת (yowneqeth) refers to a young shoot or twig, derived from the related word for sprout. It is a feminine noun that captures the idea of a tender branch or young plant.
[יוֹנֶ֫קֶת] n.f. young shoot, twig
base
H3127 יוֹנֶ֫קֶת
3127 yowneqeth yo-neh'-keth
feminine of 3126; a sprout:--(tender) branch, young twig.
see HEBREW for 03126
יוֹנֶ֫קֶת (yo.ne.qet) — shoot.
young plant, twig, young shoot
HNcfpc/Sp3fs — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3fs