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Psalms 83:17 — Word Study

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WLCיֵבֹ֖שׁוּ וְיִבָּהֲל֥וּ עֲדֵי־ עַ֗ד וְֽיַחְפְּר֥וּ וְיֹאבֵֽדוּ׃

BSAto fillmâlêʼ facepânîym dishonorqâlôwn to seekbâqash nameshêm The LordYᵉhôvâh

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 83
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 17 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ve.yo.Ve.du) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 83:17quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist calls for the enemies of God to experience shame and terror, leading to their destruction.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, invoking God's judgment on His adversaries.
Where we areThis verse is part of a plea for divine intervention against those who oppose God.
The hard wordיֵבֹ֖שׁוּ
Take awayThe request is for total disgrace and destruction of the enemies.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbמָלֵא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 83:17

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Plea for Judgmentgenerated

15so pursue them with Your tempest, and terrify them with Your storm.
16Cover their faces with shame, that they may seek Your name, O LORD.
17May they be ever ashamed and terrified; may they perish in disgrace.
18May they know that You alone, whose name is the LORD, are Most High over all the earth.

Psalm 83:17 is part of a larger plea where the psalmist asks God to act against His enemies. The verses surrounding this one highlight the urgency and desperation of the psalmist's call for divine intervention, emphasizing the need for the enemies to recognize God's sovereignty and power. This plea reflects a common theme in the Psalms, where the faithful seek God's justice against those who oppose Him.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 35:4–26May those who seek my life be disgraced and put to shame; may those who plan to harm me be driven back and confounded.
2Psalm 40:14–15May those who seek my life be ashamed and confounded; may those who wish me harm be repelled and humiliated.
3Psalm 109:29May my accusers be clothed with disgrace; may they wear their shame like a robe.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

Let them be confounded and troubled for ever; yea, let them be put to shame, and perish:Psalm 35:4–26 Psalm 40:14–15 Psalm 109:29

The Key Word יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ, ye.Vo.shugenerated

The verb יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ (ye.Vo.shu) is in the imperfect tense, indicating a wish or desire for the enemies to be ashamed. It is derived from the root בּוֹשׁ (buwsh), which means 'to be ashamed.' This word conveys a strong emotional response, suggesting feelings of guilt and disappointment.

In this context, the psalmist desires not just a momentary shame but a deep and lasting sense of disgrace for the adversaries of God. The use of the verb here emphasizes the psalmist's hope for a complete reversal of the enemies' pride and confidence.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains a series of verbs that express the psalmist's desires for the enemies of God. The main verb is יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ, may they be ashamed, which leads into two additional verbs: וְיִבָּהֲל֥וּ, and may they be dismayed, and וְֽיַחְפְּר֥וּ, and may they be abashed, culminating with וְיֹאבֵֽדוּ, and may they perish.

The structure emphasizes a progression of emotional states leading to the ultimate desire for destruction, reflecting the intensity of the psalmist's plea.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ as πλήρωσον, which suggests a filling or completion of the state of shame. This choice implies a more profound sense of fulfillment in the emotional experience of shame.

For וְיִבָּהֲל֥וּ, the LXX uses πρόσωπα, indicating a focus on the face or presence, which can imply a direct confrontation with the consequences of their actions.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 83:17 expresses a strong desire for God's enemies to feel deep shame and terror, leading to their destruction. The psalmist calls for their disgrace as a way to highlight God's power and justice.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for the enemies to be ashamed?

Being ashamed in this context refers to a deep sense of guilt and embarrassment for opposing God, leading them to recognize their wrongdoings.

Why does the psalmist want them to perish?

The psalmist desires their destruction as a means of justice, reflecting the belief that those who oppose God should face consequences for their actions.

How does this verse relate to the overall theme of the Psalm?

This verse encapsulates the theme of seeking divine justice against adversaries, emphasizing the psalmist's plea for God's intervention.

What is the significance of the emotional states described?

The emotional states of shame and terror highlight the seriousness of the situation and the psalmist's urgent call for God to act against His enemies.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what situations have I felt ashamed, and how did I respond?
  2. How can I better understand the consequences of opposing God's will?
  3. What does it mean to me to seek justice in my own life?
  4. How can I support others who are struggling with feelings of shame or guilt?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 83:17 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Let them be confounded and troubled for ever,.... As long as they are in this world, and to all eternity in another; a dreadful portion this: yea, let them be put to shame, and perish; wholly and

Read John Gill on Psalms 83 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

O my God, make them like a wheel; as the stubble before the wind. -Second part of the second main division. Prayer inspired by God for the extinction of the foe by the fiery storm of God. Verse 13.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 83 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

But those of them that will not humble themselves before thee, let them be utterly destroyed.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 83 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 83:17 Let them be confounded and troubled for ever; yea, let them be put to shame, and perish:Ver. 17. Let them be confounded, &c.] This and the following verse are an exposition of the former verse. The Rabbis have a saying, nulla est obiectio in Lege, quae non habet solutionem in latere , The Scripture is its own interpreter.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 83 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 17. Let them - perish] That is, in their present attempts. Some have objected to the execrations in this Psalm, without due consideration. None of these execrations refer either to their souls or to their eternal state; but merely to their discomfiture on their present attempts. Suppose the continental powers should join together to subjugate Britain, and destroy the Protestant religion; is there a Christian in the land that would not be justified in meeting them with the same or similar execrations? On the knees of my soul would I offer every one of them to God against such invaders. Selah.-A. C.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 83 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

17. Let them be ashamed and dismayed for ever; Yea, let them be put to confusion and perish:

Read Cambridge on Psalms 83 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Let them be confounded - Let them be ashamed. That is, Let them have that kind of shame and confusion which results from the fact that their plans have not been successful, or that they have been

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 83 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

17. Confounded… troubled for ever… put to shame… perish—Strong words. The psalmist sees it is folly to hope directly for the conversion of his enemies; their power must first be broken, and in their distress they may confess God.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 83 →

The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

May they be ever ashamed and terrified; may they perish in disgrace.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Let them be disappointed and dismayed forever. Yes, let them be confounded and perish;

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

May they be ever ashamed and terrified; may they perish in disgrace.

NETBNew English Translation2006

May they be humiliated and continually terrified! May they die in shame!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Let them be confounded and troubled for ever; yea, let them be put to shame, and perish:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Let them be put to shame and dismayed for ever; Yea, let them be confounded and perish;

RVARevised Version, American1894

Let them be ashamed and dismayed for ever; yea, let them be confounded and perish:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Let them be confounded and troubled for ever; yes, let them be put to shame, and perish:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Let them be confounded and troubled for euer: yea, let them be put to shame and perish,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Let them be put to shame and be dismayed for ever, and let them be confounded and perish:

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

They are ashamed and troubled for ever, Yea, they are confounded and lost.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

They are ashamed and troubled forever, || Indeed, they are confounded and lost.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(83:18) Let them be made ashamed and terrified for ever and aye; yea, let them be put to the blush and perish:

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

May they be put to shame and be terrified forever; may they perish in disgrace.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Make them ashamed, terrify them forever so that they die in disgrace.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Let them be overcome and troubled for ever; let them be put to shame and come to destruction;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbיֵבֹ֖שׁוּmay.they.be.ashamedוְandclauseverbיִבָּהֲל֥וּmay.they.be.dismayedprepositional phrase · prepositionalעֲדֵיuntilעַ֗דperpetuityוְֽandclauseverbיַחְפְּר֥וּmay.they.be.abashedוְandclauseverbיֹאבֵֽדוּmay.they.perish

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ וְיִבָּהֲל֥וּ עֲדֵי־עַ֗ד וְֽיַחְפְּר֥וּ וְיֹאבֵֽדוּ, which translates to 'May they be ever ashamed and terrified; may they perish in disgrace.' The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in meaning, as all six words correspond, though the word order and articles differ due to the nature of the Greek translation. The Dead Sea Scrolls (Mas1e) contain only three words, with the rest supplied by an editor, indicating a partial agreement with the Masoretic Text but lacking the full context of the verse.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יֵבֹ֖שׁוּ וְיִבָּהֲל֥וּ עֲדֵי־ עַ֗ד וְֽיַחְפְּר֥וּ וְיֹאבֵֽדוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יֵבֹ֖שׁוּπλήρωσονוְיִבָּהֲל֥וּπρόσωπαעֲדֵי־ἀτιμίαςעַ֗דκαὶוְֽיַחְפְּר֥וּὄνομάוְיֹאבֵֽדוּ׃κύριε

6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — Mas1ea copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

מלא פני׳הם קלון [ויבקשו] [שמ׳ך] [יהוה]

3 words on the leather — 3 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 83:17בּוֹשׁmay they bemay they be ashבּוֹשׁבָּהַלand they maand they may beבָּהַלעַדuntiluntilעַדעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדחָפֵרand may theand may they beחָפֵראָבַדand they maand they may peאָבַדעָדָהto advanceto advanceעָדָהעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדחָפַרto searchto searchחָפַרחָפֵרbe ashamedbe ashamedחָפֵרכָּלַםbe humiliabe humiliatedכָּלַםאִיcoastlandcoastlandאִיאָחַזto graspto graspאָחַזעוֹלָםforever: aforever: antiquעוֹלָםמָתַיhowhowמָתַיעֶ֫רֶבeveningeveningעֶ֫רֶבסוּגto turnto turnסוּגבּוֹשׁbe ashamedbe ashamedבּוֹשׁתִּקְוָהcordcordתִּקְוָהשָׁמַדto destroyto destroyשָׁמַד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 83:17

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

may they be ashamed and they may be dismayed until perpetuity and may they be abashed and they may perish
יֵבֹ֖שׁוּye.Vo.shu may they be ashamed H954 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To be ashamed is what this Hebrew word means, implying a feeling of guilt or disappointment. It is used to describe someone who is disconcerted or delayed, like in the story of Adam and Eve. Shame is a strong emotion.
Tyndale gloss
be ashamed
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בּוֹשׁ (buwsh) is a Hebrew root meaning 'to be ashamed.' It encompasses feelings of shame, disappointment, and disconcertion. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal (to feel shame), Piel (to delay in shame), and Hiphil (to put to shame). The entries indicate a range of uses, from personal feelings of shame to actions that cause shame to others.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בּוֹשׁ 109 vb. be ashamed

Qal

abs. feel shame

sq. מִן, be ashamed of, i.e. disconcerted, disappointed by reason of

with obj. I am ashamed to ask

Polel delay (in shame)

Hiph.

put to shame

put to shame

act shamefully

to be put to shame

be ashamed

Hithp. ashamed before one another

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H954 בּוֹשׁ be ashamed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

954 buwsh boosh

a primitive root; properly, to pale, i.e. by implication to

be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or

delayed:--(be, make, bring to, cause, put to, with,

a-)shamed(-d), be (put to) confounded(-fusion), become dry,

delay, be long.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בּוֹשׁ (bush) — be ashamed.

1) to put to shame, be ashamed, be disconcerted, be disappointed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to feel shame

1a2) to be ashamed, disconcerted, disappointed (by reason of)

1b) (Piel) to delay (in shame)

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to put to shame

1c2) to act shamefully

1c3) to be ashamed

1d) (Hithpolel) to be ashamed before one another

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-shamd': Almost exclusively moral in significance; confusion or abashment through consciousness of guilt or of its exposure. Often including also a sense of terror or fear because of the disgrace connected with the performance of some action. Capacity for shame indicates that moral sense (conscience) is not extinct. "Ashamed" occurs 96 out of 118 times in the Old Testament. Hebrew bosh, "to feel shame" (Latin, pudere), with derivatives occurs 80 times; kalam, "to shame," including the thought of "disgrace," "reproach"; chapher, "to blush": hence shame because of frustrated plans (uniformly in the Revised Version (British and American) "confounded"); Greek aischunomai, "suffused with shame," passive only and its compounds. Uses:

(1) A few times, of actual embarrassment, as of Hazael before the steadfast look of Elisha (2Ki 8:11; see…

may they be ashamed and they may be dismayed until perpetuity and may they be abashed and they may perish
וְיִבָּהֲל֥וּve.yi.ba.ha.Lu and they may be dismayed H926 Conjunction · verb niphal third person masculine plural
39× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to be alarmed or agitated, often suddenly. It's used in the Bible to describe people's reactions to frightening events, like battles or natural disasters. It can also mean to hurry or act hastily.
Tyndale gloss
to dismay
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּהַל (bahal) is a Hebrew verb that conveys a range of meanings related to disturbance and haste. It can mean to be disturbed, terrified, or anxious, as well as to act hastily or make haste. The entries indicate various grammatical forms, including Niph, Pi, Pu, and Hiph, which reflect different nuances of dismay and urgency.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[בָּהַל] vb.

Niph.

be disturbed, dismayed, terrified

be in haste, hasty

Pi.

dismay, terrify

hasten, make haste, act hastily

Pu. hastened; hastily gained

Hiph.

dismay, terrify

(late) hasten, hurry

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H926 בָּהַל . . be disturbed, dismayed, terrified

. be in haste, hasty

. . dismay, terrify

. hasten, make haste, act hastily

. hastened; hastily gained

. . dismay, terrify

. (late) hasten, hurry

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

926 bahal baw-hal'

a primitive root; to tremble inwardly (or palpitate), i.e.

(figuratively) be (causative, make) (suddenly) alarmed or

agitated; by implication to hasten anxiously:--be (make)

affrighted (afraid, amazed, dismayed, rash), (be, get, make)

haste(-n, -y, -ily), (give) speedy(-ily), thrust out, trouble,

vex.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּהַל (ba.hal) — to dismay.

1) to disturb, alarm, terrify, hurry, be disturbed, be anxious, be afraid, be hurried, be nervous

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be disturbed, dismayed, terrified, anxious

1a2) to be in haste, be hasty

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to make haste, act hastily, be hurried, be hastened

1b2) to dismay, terrify

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to hasten

1c2) hastened, hastily gained (part.)

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to hasten, hurry, make haste

1d2) to dismay, terrify

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/VNu3mp — Conjunction · verb niphal third person masculine plural
HC/VNu3mp
may they be ashamed and they may be dismayed until perpetuity and may they be abashed and they may perish
עֲדֵי־'a.dei- until H5703 Noun common · masculine plural construct
49× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means forever or eternity, describing something that has no end, like God's existence. It's used in the Bible to talk about things that last forever. In Genesis, it describes God's eternal nature.
Tyndale gloss
perpetuity
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד, transliterated as ad, refers to the concept of perpetuity, encompassing both past and future time. It signifies a duration that can imply eternity or continuous existence. The term is associated with ancient mountains in the context of the past and is used to denote the idea of forever in relation to the future, particularly in reference to God's existence.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד and וָעֶ֑ד (so alw.) n.m. perpetuity (= advancing time)

of past time: ancient mountains

of future time, לָעַד for ever

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5703 עַד, וָעֶ֑ד perpetuity . of past time: ancient mountains

. of future time, לָעַד for ever

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5703 `ad ad

from 5710; properly, a (peremptory) terminus, i.e. (by

implication) duration, in the sense of advance or perpetuity

(substantially as a noun, either with or without a

preposition):--eternity, ever(- lasting, -more), old,

perpetually, + world without end.

see HEBREW for 05710

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — perpetuity.

1) perpetuity, for ever, continuing future

1a) ancient (of past time)

1b) for ever (of future time)

1b1) of continuous existence

1c) for ever (of God's existence)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
may they be ashamed and they may be dismayed until perpetuity and may they be abashed and they may perish
עַ֗ד'Ad perpetuity H5704 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
may they be ashamed and they may be dismayed until perpetuity and may they be abashed and they may perish
וְֽיַחְפְּר֥וּve.yach.pe.Ru and may they be abashed H2659 Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
17× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Châphêr means to be ashamed or blush, often used to describe feeling embarrassed or guilty. In Ezra 9:6, the people are ashamed of their sins, recognizing their wrongdoing. It involves a sense of regret.
Tyndale gloss
be ashamed
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָפֵר (chapher) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be abashed or ashamed. It can refer to feeling embarrassed or confounded, and in the Hiphil form, it indicates causing someone else to feel shame. The word is built from a primitive root related to detection, emphasizing the emotional response of shame.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[חָפֵר] vb. be abashed, ashamed

Qal be abashed, ashamed

Hiph. display shame

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2659 חָפֵר be abashed, ashamed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2659 chapher khaw-fare'

a primitive root (perhaps rath. the same as 2658 through the

idea of detection): to blush; figuratively, to be ashamed,

disappointed; causatively, to shame, reproach:--be ashamed, be

confounded, be brought to confusion (unto shame), come (be put

to) shame, bring reproach.

see HEBREW for 02658

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָפֵר (cha.pher) — be ashamed.

1) to be ashamed, be confounded, be abashed, feel abashed

1a) (Qal) to be ashamed, be abashed

1b) (Hiphil) to display shame, demonstrate shame, cause embarrassment

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Vqu3mp — Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
HC/Vqu3mp
may they be ashamed and they may be dismayed until perpetuity and may they be abashed and they may perish
וְיֹאבֵֽדוּ׃ve.yo.Ve.du and they may perish H6 Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
184× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To perish means to be destroyed or lost, whether it's a person, animal, or thing, like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis 19.
Tyndale gloss
to perish
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָבַד (abad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to perish or be lost. It encompasses a range of meanings, including dying, vanishing, and destruction, often in a moral or judgment context. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, with uses related to individuals, nations, and inanimate objects. The lexicons indicate that it can also imply causing something to perish or stray.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָבַד vb. perish (M I אבד, As. abâtu Dl W 184 Aram אֲבַד, Syriac).—

Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵ֑ד Jb 20:7 + 2t.; 3fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4t.; תֹּאבֵ֑ד Jb 8:13 + 3t.; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3t.; יֹאבֵ֑דוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה֙ I S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵ֑ד Jon 1:6

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Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6 אָבַד perish .. perish, die, of individuals

. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory

. be lost, strayed

. . cause to perish, destroy, kill

. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with

. cause to stray, lose

. . destroy, put to death, in judgment

. fig. obj. name of kings; hope; voice of mirth etc.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6 'abad aw-bad'

a primitive root; properly, to wander away, i.e. lose

oneself; by implication to perish (causative,

destroy):--break, destroy(- uction), + not escape, fail,

lose, (cause to, make) perish, spend, X and surely, take, be

undone, X utterly, be void of, have no way to flee.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָבַד (a.vad) — to perish.

1) perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) perish, die, be exterminated

1a2) perish, vanish (fig.)

1a3) be lost, strayed

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate

1b2) to blot out, do away with, cause to vanish, (fig.)

1b3) cause to stray, lose

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to destroy, put to death

1c1a) of divine judgment

1c2) object name of kings (fig.)

Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (אֲבַד "to destroy" H0007)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Vqu3mp — Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
HC/Vqu3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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