Zechariah 12:14 — Word Study
WLCכֹּ֗ל הַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת֙ הַנִּשְׁאָר֔וֹת מִשְׁפָּחֹ֥ת מִשְׁפָּחֹ֖ת לְבָ֑ד וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם לְבָֽד׃ ס
BSAand allkôl [every single one] the remainingshâʼar clansmishpâchâh [families, tribes] and their wivesʼishshâh [women, female family members]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| כֹּ֗ל | all | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| הַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת֙ | the clans | Particle, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| הַנִּשְׁאָר֔וֹת | which remain | Particle, verb niphal participle (active) feminine plural |
| מִשְׁפָּחֹ֥ת | clans | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| מִשְׁפָּחֹ֖ת | clans | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| לְבָ֑ד | alone | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם | and wives their | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| לְבָֽד׃ ס | alone | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | and all the remaining clans and their wives. |
| KJV | All the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart. |
| ASV | all the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart. |
| YLT | All the families that are left, Every family apart, and their women apart! |
| WEB | all the families who remain, every family apart, and their wives apart. |
| BBE | And all the other families by themselves, and their wives by themselves. |
Where they part company is וּנְשֵׁיהֶם — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by additional phrases that specify and describe the clans involved.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Zechariah 12:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Prophecy of Mourning in Jerusalemgenerated
Zechariah 12:14 describes a time of great mourning in Jerusalem, where each clan and their wives will express their grief. This mourning is part of a larger prophecy concerning the restoration and repentance of Israel, emphasizing the communal aspect of their sorrow. The preceding verses detail specific clans and their wives, illustrating the depth of the emotional response expected during this time.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 9:12 | If you are wise, you are wise to your own advantage; but if you scoff, you alone will bear the consequences. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — כֹּל, Kolgenerated
The word כֹּל (Kol) is a noun meaning 'all' or 'everything.' It signifies totality and is often used to encompass every individual or thing within a specified group. In this verse, it emphasizes that no clan is excluded from the mourning process.
This term is commonly used throughout the Hebrew Bible, indicating its foundational role in expressing completeness. The parsing as a masculine singular construct shows that it is functioning to unify the clans under a single mourning experience.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb is implied in the context of mourning, with the phrase structure listing the clans and their wives. The sentence structure emphasizes the collective aspect of the mourning, with each clan and their wives being treated as a unit.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on כֹּל at the beginning, signaling that all clans are included in the mourning. This structure highlights the importance of community in the context of grief.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates כֹּל as πᾶσαι (pasai), which also means 'all.' This choice retains the inclusivity present in the Hebrew, showing that the translators understood the collective nature of the clans' mourning.
The Greek term φυλαὶ (phylai) for 'clans' similarly captures the familial aspect of the Hebrew word, indicating that the clans are recognized in their social structure.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Zechariah 12:14 lists all the remaining clans and their wives who will mourn. This verse emphasizes the collective grief of the people in Jerusalem, showing that every clan, along with their women, is included in this mourning process.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies a communal experience of grief, emphasizing the unity among the clans as they face a time of sorrow.
Including the wives highlights the importance of family and the shared experience of mourning within the community.
This verse reflects the theme of restoration and repentance in Zechariah, showing how the people will come together in their grief.
It teaches the value of community support during difficult times and the importance of shared experiences in healing.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I see the importance of community in times of grief in my own life?
- What are some ways I can support others who are mourning?
- Why is it significant that both men and women are included in this mourning?
- How can this verse inspire us to come together as a community during difficult times?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Zechariah 12:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAll the families that remain,.... That will be in being in those times; every family apart, and their wives apart; for the whole nation shall be born at once, and converted, and all Israel shall be saved, Isaiah 66:8.
Read John Gill on Zechariah 12 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the land shall mourn, every family apart; the family of the house of David apart, and their wives apart; the family of the house of Nathan apart, and their wives apart; And the land shall mourn,
Read Robert Jamieson on Zechariah 12 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleIt would be somewhat tedious to repeat every family and their wives once, therefore a general comprehensive account may serve; some of every family of the whole remnant of Israel mourn, believe, look to, and obey Christ the Messiah. So the mourning for Christ bears Some proportion to their violent dealing against Christ, and they through faith live by the blood they did spill, and get to glory by him whom they loaded with reproaches. What will not grace do, when it converteth, accepteth, comforteth, glorifieth such offenders!
Read Matthew Poole on Zechariah 12 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsZechariah 12:14 All the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart.Ver. 14. All the families that remain] Out of every family of this people God will have some converts, "A remnant according to the election of grace," Romans 11:5. A thing so incredible, that to persuade it the prophet may here seem to some profane person to use more words than needeth.
Read John Trapp on Zechariah 12 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10-14) These are verses of almost unprecedented difficulty. If the words “and they shall look on me whom they pierced” stood alone, they might possibly be taken in a figurative sense, as denoting that they shall look to the Lord whom they had so grievously contemned (see Notes on John 19:37). Such is the view of the passage taken by Calvin, Rosenmüller, Gesenius, &c., and apparently by the LXX.; but this figurative sense of the word cannot be supported by usage; it always means “to thrust through” (see my Hebrew Student’s Commentary on Zechariah, pp. 111, 112). Moreover, the words which follow, “and they shall mourn for him,” can only mean, according to the said interpretation, that they…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Zechariah 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10–14. The penitent Sorrow of the People for Sin The conversion (Zechariah 12:10-14) and moral reformation (Zechariah 13:1-6) of the people shall accompany their deliverance from their enemies (Zechariah 12:1-9). On the royal house and the royal city first God will pour out His Spirit, and as the consequence they shall regard Him, whom they have pierced and wounded by their sins, with the deepest sorrow and bitterness of soul, Zechariah 12:10. The mourning in Jerusalem shall be such as to recall that which was occasioned by the great national calamity of the death of Josiah in battle, Zechariah 12:11. But the outpouring of the Spirit and the penitent grief called forth by it shall extend to…
Read Cambridge on Zechariah 12 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleVARIOUS THE FUTURE OF ISRAEL, Zechariah 12:1 to Zechariah 14:21.The heading (Zechariah 12:1) names the subject of these utterances, Israel, a term used here not in a national but in a religious sense of the people of Jehovah.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Zechariah 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
and all the remaining clans and their wives.
all the families who remain, every family apart, and their wives apart.
and all the remaining clans and their wives.
all the clans that remain, each separately with their wives.”
Tyndale line
All the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart.
all the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart.
all the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart.
All the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart.
All the families that remaine, euery familie apart, and their wiues apart.
Strictly literal
all the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart.
All the families that are left, Every family apart, and their women apart!
All the families that are left, || Every family apart, and their women apart!”
All the families that remain, every family apart by itself, and their wives apart.
Every clan of the remaining clans—each clan will be separate and the wives will be separate from the men.”
From the Latin
All the rest of the families, families and families apart, and their women apart.
Simplified
and all the surviving families and their women, each group mourning alone by themselves.
And all the other families by themselves, and their wives by themselves.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in this verse, with 7 of the 8 words matched. This indicates a strong consistency in the transmission of the text, though the Septuagint's word order differs from the Hebrew.
כֹּ֗ל הַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת֙ הַנִּשְׁאָר֔וֹת מִשְׁפָּחֹ֥ת מִשְׁפָּחֹ֖ת לְבָ֑ד וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם לְבָֽד׃ ס
7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Zechariah 12:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mishpachah) refers to a clan or family, encompassing a circle of relatives and extending to tribes or peoples. It can also denote a class of persons, species of animals, or kinds of things. The entries highlight its various uses, including guilds and aristocrats, but do not present any significant disagreement.
מִשְׁפָּחָה 303 n.f. clan
clan
= guild
= species, kind
pl. = aristocrats
base
H4940 מִשְׁפָּחָה clan . clan
. = guild
. = species, kind
. pl. = aristocrats
4940 mishpachah mish-paw-khaw'
from 8192 (compare 8198); a family, i.e. circle of relatives;
figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or
sort (of things); by extens. a tribe or people:--family,
kind(-red).
see HEBREW for 08192
see HEBREW for 08198
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mish.pa.chah) — family.
1) clan, family
1a) clan
1a1) family
1a2) tribe
1a3) people, nation
1b) guild
1c) species, kind
1d) aristocrats
Art | N-fp — Particle · noun common feminine plural absoluteHTd/Ncfpa
שָׁאַר (sha'ar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to remain or be left over. It encompasses various nuances, including being left behind, surviving, or leaving something as a gift. The entries indicate its use in different forms, such as Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, highlighting its versatility in contexts like remnants or spare items.
שָׁאַר 133 vb. remain, be left over
Qalthe youngest still remains
Niph.
be left over
be left behind
Hiph.
leave over, spare
leave or keep over
the city shall have 100 left
leave as a gift
base
H7604 שָׁאַר remain, be left over .he youngest still remains
. . be left over
. be left behind
. . leave over, spare
. leave or keep over
. the city shall have 100 left
. leave as a gift
7604 sha'ar shaw-ar'
a primitive root; properly, to swell up, i.e. be
(causatively, make) redundant:--leave, (be) left, let,
remain, remnant, reserve, the rest.
שָׁאַר (sha.ar) — to remain.
1) to remain, be left over, be left behind
1a) (Qal) to remain
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be left over, be left alive, survive
1b1a) remainder, remnant (participle)
1b2) to be left behind
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to leave over, spare
1c2) to leave or keep over
1c3) to have left
1c4) to leave (as a gift)
Art | V-Niphal-Inf-c — Particle · verb niphal participle (active) feminine pluralHTd/VNrfpa
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mishpachah) refers to a clan or family, encompassing a circle of relatives and extending to tribes or peoples. It can also denote a class of persons, species of animals, or kinds of things. The entries highlight its various uses, including guilds and aristocrats, but do not present any significant disagreement.
מִשְׁפָּחָה 303 n.f. clan
clan
= guild
= species, kind
pl. = aristocrats
base
H4940 מִשְׁפָּחָה clan . clan
. = guild
. = species, kind
. pl. = aristocrats
4940 mishpachah mish-paw-khaw'
from 8192 (compare 8198); a family, i.e. circle of relatives;
figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or
sort (of things); by extens. a tribe or people:--family,
kind(-red).
see HEBREW for 08192
see HEBREW for 08198
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mish.pa.chah) — family.
1) clan, family
1a) clan
1a1) family
1a2) tribe
1a3) people, nation
1b) guild
1c) species, kind
1d) aristocrats
HNcfpa — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mishpachah) refers to a clan or family, encompassing a circle of relatives and extending to tribes or peoples. It can also denote a class of persons, species of animals, or kinds of things. The entries highlight its various uses, including guilds and aristocrats, but do not present any significant disagreement.
מִשְׁפָּחָה 303 n.f. clan
clan
= guild
= species, kind
pl. = aristocrats
base
H4940 מִשְׁפָּחָה clan . clan
. = guild
. = species, kind
. pl. = aristocrats
4940 mishpachah mish-paw-khaw'
from 8192 (compare 8198); a family, i.e. circle of relatives;
figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or
sort (of things); by extens. a tribe or people:--family,
kind(-red).
see HEBREW for 08192
see HEBREW for 08198
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mish.pa.chah) — family.
1) clan, family
1a) clan
1a1) family
1a2) tribe
1a3) people, nation
1b) guild
1c) species, kind
1d) aristocrats
HNcfpa — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
בַּד (bad) refers to separation or being alone, often indicating a part or branch of something. It can denote physical separation, such as limbs or bars, as well as figurative uses like 'chief of a city.' The entries consistently highlight meanings related to being apart or alone, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
בַּד, בָּ֑ד n.m. separation, concr. part
prop. in a state of separation, alone, by itself
concr. part
parts, specif. extended from something
base
H905 בַּד, בָּ֑ד separation, concr. part . prop. in a state of separation, alone, by itself
. concr. part
. parts, specif. extended from something
905 bad bad
from 909; properly, separation; by implication, a part of the
body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief
of a city; especially (with prepositional prefix) as an
adverb, apart, only, besides:--alone, apart, bar, besides,
branch, by self, of each alike, except, only, part, staff,
strength.
see HEBREW for 0909
בַּד (bad) — alone: pole.
: pole
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
בַּד (bad) — alone.
: alone
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
בַּד (bad) — alone: each.
: each
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
בַּד (bad) — alone: besides.
: besides/apart from
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
אִשָּׁה (ishshah) means 'woman,' 'wife,' or 'female.' It can refer to a woman in general, a wife in relation to a man, or the female of animals. The term also has distributive and reciprocal uses, indicating 'each woman' from her neighbor. The word is derived from the masculine forms אִישׁ (ish) and אִישָׁה (ishah), indicating a broad range of meanings.
אִשָּׁה 773 n.f. woman, wife, female
woman
Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
Female of animals
With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
base
H802 אִשָּׁה woman, wife, female . woman
. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
. Female of animals
. With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
802 'ishshah ish-shaw'
feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym
{naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as
582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none,
one, + together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.
see HEBREW for 0376
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0582
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman.
: woman
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: wife.
: wife/widow
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: another.
: another
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
Conj | N-fp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp3mp
בַּד (bad) refers to separation or being alone, often indicating a part or branch of something. It can denote physical separation, such as limbs or bars, as well as figurative uses like 'chief of a city.' The entries consistently highlight meanings related to being apart or alone, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
בַּד, בָּ֑ד n.m. separation, concr. part
prop. in a state of separation, alone, by itself
concr. part
parts, specif. extended from something
base
H905 בַּד, בָּ֑ד separation, concr. part . prop. in a state of separation, alone, by itself
. concr. part
. parts, specif. extended from something
905 bad bad
from 909; properly, separation; by implication, a part of the
body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief
of a city; especially (with prepositional prefix) as an
adverb, apart, only, besides:--alone, apart, bar, besides,
branch, by self, of each alike, except, only, part, staff,
strength.
see HEBREW for 0909
בַּד (bad) — alone: pole.
: pole
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
בַּד (bad) — alone.
: alone
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
בַּד (bad) — alone: each.
: each
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
בַּד (bad) — alone: besides.
: besides/apart from
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa