Acts 6:1–16 — The Seven and Stephen — (outline by F. F. Bruce, NICNT) « Leader information shown in this fashion »
{A.} The Birth of the Church (1:1–5:42)
{1.} The Forty Days and After (1:1–26)
{2.} The Day of Pentecost (2:1–47)
{3.} An Act of Healing and its Consequences (3:1–4:31)
{4.} All Things in Common (4:32–5:11)
{5.} The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin (5:12–42)
{B.} Persecution and Expansion (6:1–9:31)
{1.} Stephen (6:1–8:1a)
A. The Appointing of the Seven, Acts 6:1–6 (NKJV) 1 Now in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplying, there arose a complaint against the Hebrews by the Hellenists, because their widows were neglected in the daily distribution. 2 Then the twelve summoned the multitude of the disciples and said, “It is not desirable that we should leave the word of God and serve tables. 3 Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business; 4 but we will give ourselves continually to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” 5 And the saying pleased the whole multitude. And they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas, a proselyte from Antioch, 6 whom they set before the apostles; and when they had prayed, they laid hands on them.
1. What was one outcome of the blessing of increased numbers?
a. Acts 6:1 — « murmuring and complaining of neglect »
b. Who were involved? — « the Hebrews (speaking Mishnaic Hebrew or Aramaic) & Hellenists (speaking Greek); a division based on language; thus this was also between Palestinian and Diaspora Jew, with there already being tension in Jewish world on this (2 synagogues) »
c. What was the reason? – « disagreement not theological, but practical; support of poor (”widows” is metonymy with the whole group of needy called by its largest segment) »
2. What were the qualities of those to be selected? … the reasons?
a. « part of this congregation; know the needs »
b. « well reputed; so there was trust and to quell murmuring »
c. « full of the Holy Spirit; their lives to provide evidence of His sanctifying work; that they were intent on others’ interests »
d. « wisdom; able to discern reality and level of needs »
e. should be basic requirement for all church appointments
3. this gave apostles « (vs. disciples) » freedom for what ministries?
(A) « prayer – or intercession, including that for healing »
(B) « the word – or preaching and teaching »
4. What do you note of those chosen (v. 5)? — « their Greek names »
5. Note that the community makes the selection; apostles give approbation and make the installation by laying on of hands
a. Genesis 48:13–20 it was for … « blessing »
b. Leviticus 1:4, 3:2, 4:4, 16:21, &c. it was for … « identification »
c. Numbers 27:23 it was for … « the commissioning of a successor »
« d. Mishna, Sanhedrin 4.4 for its members »
e. Acts 8:17-19, 19:6 the apostolic laying on of hands was used « to confer the gift of the Holy Spirit (but this appears to be confined to very special instances; hence its being noted) »
f. 1 Timothy 5:19–22, as examined in its context, has to do with the laying on of hands to mark the restoration of a fallen believer to fellowship of community and service; the last part of verse 22 as well as verse 20 seem to refer to the truth of Leviticus 19:17. Others, however, equally apply this verse (22) concerning commissioning of deacons and elders
6. were these “deacons”?
a. the seven are not called deacons here
b. the word and its corresponding verb(diakoneo) are applied to both the ministration (v. 1, 2) and ministry of preaching of the apostles (v. 4)
c. so this is not the same use of the word as it was later for an office distinct from that of presbyter (elder, bishop, pastor-teacher) as found in Philippians 1:1, 1 Timothy 3:8–13 «
d. in any event we shall find that their service was not limited to being almoners, ie., looking after distribution to poor »
B. Progress Report, Acts 6:7 (NKJV): Then the word of God spread, and the number of the disciples multiplied greatly in Jerusalem, and a great many of the priests were obedient to the faith.
1. This verse is one of the six “punctuation points” of the book of Acts « (C. H. Turner, “Chronology of the New Testament”) » each marking out a rough quinquennium: see also Acts 9:31, 12:24, 16:5, 19:20, 28:31
2. What notable group of believers is added here? — « priests (not the high priests (who held Roman sinecures) but the humble men of the various courses that came to Jerusalem to serve for two weeks of every year (such as Zachariah, Luke 1:5–6) »
3. list some of the qualities of the church giving such growth:
a. « generous care for one another »
b. « Holy Spirit guidance and workings »
c. « consistent teaching and preaching of Jesus Christ »
d. « godly solutions to human problems »
C. Stephen’s Activity Arouses Opposition, Acts 6:8–10 (NKJV): 8 And Stephen, full of faith and power, did great wonders and signs among the people. 9 Then there arose some from what is called the Synagogue of the Freedmen (Cyrenians, Alexandrians, and those from Cilicia and Asia), disputing with Stephen. 10 And they were not able to resist the wisdom and the Spirit by which he spoke.
1. How does the Holy Spirit, already dwelling in Stephen at his selection, confirm that selection? — « He maintains his orientation, as already full of faith, and expands his ministry beyond that for which he was chosen (looking after distribution of alms) »
2. What was the character of this opposing synagogue? — « formed of the Diaspora; Greek speaking, so more in contact with this Greek speaking minister, Stephen. Freedmen were freed slaves either by their owners, or by the state on occasion »
3. Tarsus was a principal city of Cilicia; who came from here? Could he have been one with whom Stephen disputed? — « Saul, later Paul was from Tarsus (but as an Hebrew and student of Gamaliel he may have regularly attended a Hebrew-speaking synagogue. Yes, he may well have; see 7:58, 8:1 »
4. the Greek does not uses capitals to distinguish Deity: justify the translator’s capitalization of “Spirit” in verse 10 — « it is not that his argument was convincing (which could have been a human or evil spirit) but that he was “full of the Holy Spirit,” verse 5 »
D. Stephen Accused before the Sanhedrin, Acts 6:11-15 (NKJV): 11 Then they secretly induced men to say, “We have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses and God.” 12 And they stirred up the people, the elders, and the scribes; and they came upon him, seized him, and brought him to the council. 13 They also set up false witnesses who said, “This man does not cease to speak blasphemous words against this holy place and the law; 14 for we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs which Moses delivered to us.” 15 And all who sat in the council, looking steadfastly at him, saw his face as the face of an angel.
1. Those who bear witness against those speaking by Holy Spirit authority are by definition false witnesses; why? — « because His ministry is to guide into all truth (John 16:13) »
2. The worst lies are those which contain an element of truth but distort it. Their charges parallel those against Jesus;
a. Jesus said (John 2:19–21, Luke 18:33) — « if His body was destroyed, He would raise it up on the third day »
b. Jesus said (Mark 13:2) — « foretold the temple’s destruction »
c. they said Jesus said (Mark 14:58-59) — « He would destroy the temple made with hands, and raise another one up »
d. Stephen, in his discussions, evidently taught what? — « the Person and words of Jesus Christ »
3. Contemporary history tells us that the Diaspora venerated the city of Jerusalem, the rites and ceremonies held there, because, although they chose not to return there to live, the annual trips gave to them a sense of community with their heritage as Jews. The Jews dwelling in Jerusalem also revered the temple both for religious reasons
a. and because — « many depended on it for their livelihood »
b. so the charge was one that would — « meet acceptance by the people of both residents and visitors »